Thoracic epidural anesthesia(TEA)has been the gold standard of perioperative analgesia in various abdominal and thoracic surgeries.However,misplaced or displaced catheters,along with other factors such as technical ch...Thoracic epidural anesthesia(TEA)has been the gold standard of perioperative analgesia in various abdominal and thoracic surgeries.However,misplaced or displaced catheters,along with other factors such as technical challenges,equipment failure,and anatomic variation,lead to a high incidence of unsatisfactory analgesia.This article aims to assess the different sources of TEA failure and strategies to validate the location of thoracic epidural catheters.A literature search of PubMed,Medline,Science Direct,and Google Scholar was done.The search results were limited to randomized controlled trials.Literature suggests techniques such as electrophysiological stimulation,epidural waveform monitoring,and x-ray epidurography for identifying thoracic epidural placement,but there is no one particular superior confirmation method;clinicians are advised to select techniques that are practical and suitable for their patients and practice environment to maximize success.展开更多
文摘Thoracic epidural anesthesia(TEA)has been the gold standard of perioperative analgesia in various abdominal and thoracic surgeries.However,misplaced or displaced catheters,along with other factors such as technical challenges,equipment failure,and anatomic variation,lead to a high incidence of unsatisfactory analgesia.This article aims to assess the different sources of TEA failure and strategies to validate the location of thoracic epidural catheters.A literature search of PubMed,Medline,Science Direct,and Google Scholar was done.The search results were limited to randomized controlled trials.Literature suggests techniques such as electrophysiological stimulation,epidural waveform monitoring,and x-ray epidurography for identifying thoracic epidural placement,but there is no one particular superior confirmation method;clinicians are advised to select techniques that are practical and suitable for their patients and practice environment to maximize success.
文摘目的:为降低环境因素对心率提取的影响,提出一种基于手机指尖视频的心率提取算法。方法:首先,采集指尖视频并按照30帧/s的帧率进行图像提取,并将图像分离成R、G、B 3个通道图像。通过对比3个通道图像的亮度变化强弱情况,选取对指尖血流信号最为敏感的G通道作为信号源,提取图像亮度变化信息生成时长为10 s的容积脉搏波。其次,对该波形进行数字滤波、去除基线漂移、傅里叶变换等信号处理后,根据最大谱峰位置信息预估心率。最后,在BUT PPG数据集(Brno University of Technology Smartphone PPG Database)上验证提出的算法对心率的预测效果。结果:提出的算法心率预测值与实际心率的均方差、均方根差和平均绝对误差分别为3.71、1.92和1.2次/min。结论:提出的算法预测心率的准确率高,适合部署于手机进行日常心率监测。
