Existence of Entropy Solution for Degenerate Parabolic-Hyperbolic Problem Involving p(x)-Laplacian with Neumann Boundary Condition

We consider a strongly non-linear degenerate parabolic-hyperbolic problem with p(x)-Laplacian diffusion flux function. We propose an entropy formulation and prove the existence of an entropy solution.

Characterizing large-scale weak interlayer shear zones using conditional random field theory

The shear behavior of large-scale weak intercalation shear zones(WISZs)often governs the stability of foundations,rock slopes,and underground structures.However,due to their wide distribution,undulating morphology,complex fabrics,and varying degrees of contact states,characterizing the shear behavior of natural and complex large-scale WISZs precisely is challenging.This study proposes an analytical method to address this issue,based on geological fieldwork and relevant experimental results.The analytical method utilizes the random field theory and Kriging interpolation technique to simplify the spatial uncertainties of the structural and fabric features for WISZs into the spatial correlation and variability of their mechanical parameters.The Kriging conditional random field of the friction angle of WISZs is embedded in the discrete element software 3DEC,enabling activation analysis of WISZ C2 in the underground caverns of the Baihetan hydropower station.The results indicate that the activation scope of WISZ C2 induced by the excavation of underground caverns is approximately 0.5e1 times the main powerhouse span,showing local activation.Furthermore,the overall safety factor of WISZ C2 follows a normal distribution with an average value of 3.697.

Prediction Research of Deformation Modulus of Weak Rock Zone under In-situ Conditions

Weak rock zone (soft interlayer, fault zone and soft rock) is the highlight of large-scale geological engineering research. It is an important boundary for analysis of rock mass stability. Weak rock zone has been formed in a long geological period, and in this period, various rocks have undergone long-term consolidation of geostatic stress and tectonic stress; therefore, under in-situ conditions, their density and modulus of deformation are relatively high. Due to its fragmentary nature, once being exposed to the earth's surface, the structure of weak rock zone will soon be loosened, its density will be reduced, and its modulus of deformation will also be reduced significantly. Generally, weak rock zone can be found in large construction projects, especially in the dam foundation rocks of hydropower stations. These rocks cannot be eliminated completely by excavation. Furthermore, all tests nowadays are carried out after the exposure of weak rock zone, modulus of deformation under in-situ conditions cannot be revealed. In this paper, a test method explored by the authors has been introduced. This method is a whole multilayered medium deformation method. It is unnecessary to eliminate the relatively complete rocks covering on weak rock zone. A theoretical formula to obtain the modulus of deformation in various mediums has also been introduced. On-site comparative trials and indoor deformation modulus tests under equivalent density conditions have been carried out. We adopted several methods for the prediction researches of the deformation modulus of weak rock zone under in-situ conditions, and revealed a fact that under in-situ conditions, the deformation modulus of weak rock zone are several times higher than the test results obtained after the exposure. In a perspective of geological engineering, the research findings have fundamentally changed peoples' concepts on the deformation modulus of weak rock zone, provided important theories and methods for precise definition of deformation modulus of deep weak rock zone under cap rock conditions, as well as for reasonable engineering applications.

Application of highwall mining system in weak geological condition

Almost all the coal is produced from open cut mines in Indonesia. As a consequence of open cut mine application, a great deal of coal is left out in the highwalls of the mined-out pits. Highwall mining systems can be used to recover this coal. The use of highwall mining systems has increasingly come into play in the US and Australia. However, it is not common in Indonesia. Moreover, Indonesia coal measure is categorized as weak geological condition. Some problems are likely to arise during the application of the highwall mining system for example instability of openings and highwalls due to the roof and pillar failures. Therefore, study of highwall mining system application in Indonesia is needed in order to increase the recovery rate of coal mining in Indonesia. This paper described the characteristics of the highwa!l mining system and discussed the appropriate highwall mining system application in weak geological condition, Indonesia. From the results of a series of laboratory tests and numerical analyses, it can be concluded that the stability of pillars and mine openings in auger mining systems is much higher than that in CHM and an auger mining system is suitable for such as very weak/poor strata conditions. Moreover, the application of backfilling system is very effective for improvement of the stability of pillar and openings.

Weak optimal inverse problems of interval linear programming based on KKT conditions

In this paper,weak optimal inverse problems of interval linear programming(IvLP)are studied based on KKT conditions.Firstly,the problem is precisely defined.Specifically,by adjusting the minimum change of the current cost coefficient,a given weak solution can become optimal.Then,an equivalent characterization of weak optimal inverse IvLP problems is obtained.Finally,the problem is simplified without adjusting the cost coefficient of null variable.

LOCAL CONVERGENCE OF INEXACT NEWTON-LIKE METHOD UNDER WEAK LIPSCHITZ CONDITIONS

The paper develops the local convergence of Inexact Newton-Like Method(INLM)for approximating solutions of nonlinear equations in Banach space setting.We employ weak Lipschitz and center-weak Lipschitz conditions to perform the error analysis.The obtained results compare favorably with earlier ones such as[7,13,14,18,19].A numerical example is also provided.

Numerical Study on Effect of Longwall Mining on Stability of Main Roadway under Weak Ground Conditions in Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of longwall mining on the stability of main roadway in the underground coal mine. The PT GDM （Gerbang Daya Mandiri） underground coal mine in Indonesia, where the rocks are weak, was selected as a representative study site. To accomplish the objective of the research, the finite difference code software FLAC3D was used as a tool for the numerical simulations. The longwall mining of several panel and barrier pillar widths at various depths was simulated and discussed. Based on the simulation results, it indicates that the effect of coal panel extraction on the main roadway stability depends on the width of panel and barrier pillar. The greatest effect occurs when the large panel width and the small barrier pillar width are applied, whereas the smallest effect happens when the narrow panel width and the large barrier pillar width are adopted. In this paper, therefore, to maintain the stability of the main roadway with the aim of maximizing the coal recovery, the appropriate size of panel and barrier pillar width is proposed for each mining depth for this underground coal mine.

OPTIMALITY CONDITIONS AND DUALITY RESULTS FOR NONSMOOTH VECTOR OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS WITH THE MULTIPLE INTERVAL-VALUED OBJECTIVE FUNCTION

In this paper, both Fritz John and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are established for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution in the considered nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval-objective function. Further, the sufficient optimality conditions for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution and several duality results in Mond-Weir sense are proved under assumptions that the functions constituting the considered nondifferentiable multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval- objective function are convex.

Effective Boundary Conditions for the Heat Equation with Interior Inclusion

Of concern is the scenario of a heat equation on a domain that contains a thin layer,on which the thermal conductivity is drastically different from that in the bulk.The multi-scales in the spatial variable and the thermal conductivity lead to computational difficulties,so we may think of the thin layer as a thickless surface,on which we impose"effective boundary conditions"(EBCs).These boundary conditions not only ease the computational burden,but also reveal the effect of the inclusion.In this paper,by considering the asymptotic behavior of the heat equation with interior inclusion subject to Dirichlet boundary condition,as the thickness of the thin layer shrinks,we derive,on a closed curve inside a two-dimensional domain,EBCs which include a Poisson equation on the curve,and a non-local one.It turns out that the EBCs depend on the magnitude of the thermal conductivity in the thin layer,compared to the reciprocal of its thickness.

High-order field theory and a weak Euler–Lagrange–Barut equation for classical relativistic particle-field systems

In both quantum and classical field systems,conservation laws such as the conservation of energy and momentum are widely regarded as fundamental properties.A broadly accepted approach to deriving conservation laws is built using Noether's method.However,this procedure is still unclear for relativistic particle-field systems where particles are regarded as classical world lines.In the present study,we establish a general manifestly covariant or geometric field theory for classical relativistic particle-field systems.In contrast to quantum systems,where particles are viewed as quantum fields,classical relativistic particle-field systems present specific challenges.These challenges arise from two sides.The first comes from the mass-shell constraint.To deal with the mass-shell constraint,the Euler–Lagrange–Barut(ELB)equation is used to determine the particle's world lines in the four-dimensional(4D)Minkowski space.Besides,the infinitesimal criterion,which is a differential equation in formal field theory,is reconstructed by an integro-differential form.The other difficulty is that fields and particles depend on heterogeneous manifolds.To overcome this challenge,we propose using a weak version of the ELB equation that allows us to connect local conservation laws and continuous symmetries in classical relativistic particle-field systems.By applying a weak ELB equation to classical relativistic particle-field systems,we can systematically derive local conservation laws by examining the underlying symmetries of the system.Our proposed approach provides a new perspective on understanding conservation laws in classical relativistic particle-field systems.

地铁车站弱电设备间设备发热量确定方法

介绍了一种地铁车站弱电设备间设备发热量确定新方法,该方法利用弱电设备发热量实测数据与模型预测数据相互验证,可以有效提高弱电设备发热量确定结果的准确性。研究了室内气温、地铁是否运营、设备额定功率和车站类型等因素对设备发热量的影响。研究结果表明:基于间接测量和预测模型的地铁车站弱电设备间设备发热量确定方法可以提高和保障设备发热量计算结果的准确性;室内气温会显著影响设备外表面和围护结构内表面温度及围护结构内表面热流密度,但对设备外表面热流密度的影响较小;地铁是否运营对弱电设备间设备发热量有较大影响,地铁运营期间设备发热量大于非运营期间;设备额定功率对弱电设备间设备发热量峰值有较大影响,车站类型和建筑面积对设备发热量峰值的影响很小。

基于无线电磁传输的防冲钻孔机器人钻进轨迹随钻测量方法

防冲钻孔机器人是高地应力矿井实现无人化卸压的必要装备,研发可靠的钻进轨迹随钻测量系统是保障钻孔卸压效果的重要措施。为此,在分析钻进轨迹算随钻测量基本原理的基础上,研制了基于无线电磁传输技术的钻进轨迹随钻测量钻杆;分析了不同电磁信号调制方式的频谱效益和抗噪声性能,设计了钻杆姿态信号的频移键控(FSK)调制和解调流程,进而开发了先放大后滤波的微弱信号调理系统,设计了相应的功能电路,并基于Multisim软件对其进行了测试,各电路模块满足设计要求。对比分析了5种轨迹解算算法的精度和执行效率,选择了均角全距法进行钻进轨迹解算,研究了基于小波滤波的惯性测量单元测量数据振动误差处理方法,验证了小波滤波算法对于提高姿态角解算精度的有效性。提出了基于拉线位移传感器与机器人动作标志位的钻进深度测量方法,并开展了地面试验与井下试验。试验结果表明:所设计的微弱信号调理系统可以实现煤矿井下微弱信号的接收与处理,基于拉线位移传感器与机器人动作标志位的钻进深度测量方法可以提高钻进轨迹的拟合精度。

卫导受限下惯导/数据链/卫导紧组合导航方法

针对卫导受限场景中,导航系统精度难以满足要求的问题,提出一种惯导/数据链/卫导紧组合算法,该算法采用卫导接收机和数据链定位解算之前的伪距信息和无线测距信息与惯导信息融合对惯导误差进行修正,只要存在卫导可见星或者数据链源节点即可进行信息融合,最大程度上利用场景中的导航观测量,改善了导航信息品质。试验结果表明,在数据链通信良好的情况下,增加有限的卫导观测量能够改善导航系统精度;在数据链弱联通的情况下,通过有限卫导观测量的引入使得导航系统能够持续输出高精度的导航信息。

一种适用于监控系统中弱光条件的光伏逐日系统

太阳能是当前具有代表性的绿色能源之一,固定式光伏支架由于安装方向固定,光伏面板无法始终朝向太阳,而光伏逐日系统的监控系统对于跟踪其性能和确保高效运行至关重要。因此,该文提出一种基于监控系统中可适用于弱光条件下的光伏逐日系统,采用信捷XC3 PLC承担其主要程序控制任务,利用光敏传感器收集各个方向的光强差值,通过程序计算出最佳光照角度,进而驱动电机调整为最佳照射角度,将云量和天气预报数据集成到监测系统中,以预测阳光变化并相应地辅助逐日系统运行。大幅提高光电转化率。

全国产化微弱信号调理电路

为更好地处理微弱信号,提出一种新型的多通道信号前端调理模块。该模块不仅具有可编程增益功能,而且还整合了带通滤波器。在保证高输入阻抗和低噪声等关键性能的同时,提出一种全面而创新的调理模块设计方案。该方案的核心是采用可编程增益放大电路,显著提高了模块在放大各类微弱信号时的适应性。此外,利用HC595系列芯片,实现了对增益的精确调控。该放大电路具备26 dB的固定增益和0~84 dB的可调增益范围,工作带宽设定在380~420 kHz。经过系统性能测试,结果表明该调理电路成功满足了设计目标的各项要求。

高效的一次性弱间隙序列模式挖掘算法

间隙约束序列模式挖掘作为序列模式挖掘的一个重要分支,可以发现模式在序列中的重复出现。然而,当前研究主要针对单项序列进行挖掘,并且序列中每一项都被认为具有相同意义。为解决该问题,提出一次性弱间隙序列模式挖掘(OWP)算法,该算法由准备阶段、支持度计算和候选模式生成3个步骤组成。在准备阶段,建立倒排索引,并对不频繁的项进行剪枝;在支持度计算方面,利用倒排索引结构记录出现位置,避免对原始数据集的重复扫描;在候选模式生成方面,采用模式连接策略,减少冗余候选模式的生成。在项集序列和单项序列共6个真实数据集上的实验结果表明,OWP算法相比OWP-p、Ows-OWP和OWP-e算法在运行时间上分别提升了2.653、1.348、3.592倍,在内存消耗上分别减少了3.51%、0.07%、5%,说明OWP算法可以更高效地挖掘出用户感兴趣的模式。此外,OWP算法在以D1数据集为基础的6倍大小的数据集上的运行时间比D1数据集增长了3.763倍,内存消耗增长了2.310倍,运行时间和内存消耗的增加倍数均小于数据集大小的增加倍数,说明OWP算法具有良好的可扩展性。

计及隐私保护的弱中心化多产消者能量共享机制

在双碳目标的背景下,虚拟电厂、微电网等形式的产消者大规模涌现。多产消者之间的能量共享能够提升整体的经济效益与新能源消纳水平。在计及各产消者数据隐私的基础上,文中提出弱中心化模式下的多产消者能量共享协同运行机制。首先,构建含多种分布式资源的产消者内部调度模型,并考虑负荷需求以及新能源出力的波动性与随机性,基于条件风险价值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)量化不确定性带来的风险。然后,提出多产消者弱中心化电价迭代机制,利用供需关系引导电价更新。同时考虑到产消者隐私保护,基于Paillier同态加密算法和秘密共享原理设计电量数据聚合方法。该方法能够在各方主体隐私得到保护的前提下获取系统的供需信息。最后,通过算例验证了文中所提机制的有效性与合理性,且经过能量共享后多产消者整体成本降低12.6%。

两类特殊的双扭曲积埃尔米特流形

设(M_(1),g)和(M_(2),h)是两个埃尔米特流形,双扭曲积埃尔米特流形(f_(2)M_(1)×f_(1)M_(2),G)是赋予了扭曲积埃尔米特度量G=f_(2)^(2)g+f_(1)^(2)h的乘积流形M_(1)×M_(2),其中f_(1)和f_(2)分别是M_(1)和M_(2)上的正值光滑函数。文章给出双扭曲积埃尔米特流形的挠率表达式,得到双扭曲积埃尔米特流形是凯勒流形或平衡流形的充要条件,并在特定条件下给出双扭曲积埃尔米特流形满足弱爱因斯坦条件的充要条件。

交汇角和流量比对干支流交汇区水流结构影响模拟研究

弱混合条件下下干流对支流入汇区水流结构影响显著,支流入汇区水流特性复杂,弄清支流入汇区水动力特性对河流的生态修复、水环境治理等问题具有重要意义。研究采用物理模型和数值模拟结合的方法,构建并验证明渠干支流交汇RNG k-ε紊流模型,根据不同交汇角弱混合多种汇流比工况计算结果,详细分析了交汇角和汇流比的变化对支流入汇区流速分布特性和环流结构的影响,并计算分析得出不同交汇角支流入汇区发生回流汇流比的临界值。结果表明:干支流交汇弱混合条件下,干流对支流入汇区水流结构影响显著。支流水流在入汇区在右岸出现回流形成回流区,并右岸壁面处形成最大回流流速区;支流入汇区表中层形成大尺度的横向涡结构,出现了明显回流区和环流结构,环流结构尺度随着汇流比的增大而减小,与交汇角的相关关系表现为150°大于30°大于90°;纵向涡量峰值与汇流比均呈负相关关系,汇流比越大,涡量峰值越小;交汇角30°、90°和150°支流入汇区发生回流,出现环流结构的汇流比γ临界值分别为0.013、0.011、0.031。

软弱地层勘察数据分析及隧洞加固方案研究

文中结合实际隧洞工程案例,通过对软弱地层勘察数据的分析研究,探索有效的隧洞加固方案。采用系统化方法对软弱地层进行研究,分析了人工填土、卵石夹角砾、碎石土和全风化黑云石英片岩的不同力学指标,并针对隧洞工程可能出现的问题,提出了相应的加固解决方案。通过对不同地质条件下的隧洞加固案例进行分析,研究发现了一些有益的经验和规律,可为隧洞工程设计和施工提供参考依据。