Flexural and eigen-buckling analysis of steel-concrete partially composite plates using weak form quadrature element method

Flexural and eigen-buckling analyses for rectangular steel-concrete partially composite plates(PCPs)with interlayer slip under simply supported and clamped boundary conditions are conducted using the weak form quadrature element method(QEM).Both of the derivatives and integrals in the variational description of a problem to be solved are directly evaluated by the aid of identical numerical interpolation points in the weak form QEM.The effectiveness of the presented numerical model is validated by comparing numerical results of the weak form QEM with those from FEM or analytic solution.It can be observed that only one quadrature element is fully competent for flexural and eigen-buckling analysis of a rectangular partially composite plate with shear connection stiffness commonly used.The numerical integration order of quadrature element can be adjusted neatly to meet the convergence requirement.The quadrature element model presented here is an effective and promising tool for further analysis of steel-concrete PCPs under more general circumstances.Parametric studies on the shear connection stiffness and length-width ratio of the plate are also presented.It is shown that the flexural deflections and the critical buckling loads of PCPs are significantly affected by the shear connection stiffness when its value is within a certain range.

The weak form market efficiency investigation of American, European and Asian stock markets

This paper investigates the empirical validity of the Weak Form Efficient Market Hypothesis for American, European and Asian stock markets. Random Walk Hypothesis is used to prove weak form efficiency in American, European and Asian stock indices. ADF and PP Unit Root Tests have been used to test unit root in time series of daily data of American, European and Asian stock indices. Results show that sample of stock markets are weak-form efficient in terms of the Random Walk Hypothesis.

Planar Weak Form Quadrature Beam Elements Based on Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation: A Structural Mechanics Approach

A planar nonlinear weak form quadrature beam element of arbitrary number of axial nodes is proposed on the basis of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). Elastic forces of the element are established through geometrically exact beam theory, resulting in good consistency with classical beam theory. Two examples with strong geometrical nonlinearity are presented to verify the effec-tiveness of the formulation.

Is the“Weak Form”of CLT Being Adoptedin China ?

This paper, based on the hi sto rical background of CLT(communicative language teaching), mainly addresses the k ey issues concerning the weak form of CLT. This is an area few people have paid attention to in the past few years in China. Therefore, its main concepts and f e atures are discussed with relevance to literature and an empirical study on four novice teachers of English. Finally, the research shows that the weak form of CLT is being conducted in Chinese secondary schools.

Nonlinear Bifurcation and Post-buckling Analysis of Cylindrical Composite Stiffened Laminates Based on Weak Form Quadrature Element Method

This paper presents a weak form quadrature element formulation in the analysis of nonlinear bifurcation and post-buckling of cylindrical composite stiffened laminates subjected to transverse loads.A total Lagrangian updating scheme is used in combination with arc-length method,and the branch-switching method is adopted to identify the whole post-buckling procedure of the laminates.The formulation of the shell model and beam model are based on the basic concept of Ahmad.The coincidence of discrete nodes and integration points in quadrature element endows it with compactness and conciseness in the nonlinear buckling analysis of the cylindrical stiffened laminates.Several numerical examples are firstly presented to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of present formulation.Parametric studies on the effects of the height-to-breadth ratio,lamination schemes,positions,distribution,number of the stiffeners on the bifurcation and post-buckling behavior are performed.

Analysis of thin plates by the weak form quadrature element method

The recently proposed weak form quadrature element method （QEM） is applied to flexural and vibrational analysis of thin plates The integrals involved in the variational description of a thin plate are evaluated by an efficient numerical scheme and the par- tial derivatives at the integration sampling points are then approximated using differential quadrature analogs. Neither the grid pattern nor the number of nodes is fixed, being adjustable according to convergence need. The C~ continuity conditions char- acterizing the thin plate theory are discussed and the robustness of the weak form quadrature element for thin plates against shape distortion is examined. Examples are presented and comparisons with analytical solutions and the results of the finite element method are made to demonstrate the convergence and computational efficiency of the weak form quadrature element method. It is shown that the present formulation is applicable to thin plates with varying thickness as well as uniform plates.

Weak WT_2-class of differential forms and weakly A-harmonic tensors

In this paper, we give the definition of weak WT2-class of differential forms, and then obtain its weak reverse Holder inequality. As an application, we give an alternative proof of the higher integrability result of weakly A-harmonic tensors due to B. Stroffolini.

广义弱形式自由单元法

自由单元法(FrEM)是一种单元配点法,吸收了有限元法等参单元的插值稳定性与无网格法使用灵活的优点,具有稳定性好和灵活性高的性能.FrEM在每个配置点只需要一个通过自由选择周围节点而形成的独立的等参单元,不需要考虑单元之间节点的相互连接关系,这种自由性使得人们可以按照学科性质形成所需要的单元,因而FrEM既适用于固体力学,也适用于流体力学问题的求解.然而,FrEM所用单元需要至少有一个内部节点(用于方程的配点),以致有限元法中单元节点相连的网格不能在FrEM中直接使用.文章基于对应于配置点的等参单元形函数在与其不相连的边界上为0的特性和配置点等效节点力平衡关系,提出了一种广义弱形式自由单元法(GFrEM).该方法是一种使用单元逐点建立配置方程的单元配点法,具有如下特点:(1)突破了现有自由单元法中单元需要内部节点的限制,因而可以使用线性单元和高阶单元;(2)突破了现有自由单元法中一个配置点使用一个单元的限制,可以使用与配置点相连的任意多个单元;(3)可以使用任意形式的规则单元和多边形/多面体单元;(4)如果使用单元节点相连的传统有限元法网格,则GFrEM自然演变为传统的有限元法.论文将给出几个固体力学方面的应用算例,展示所提方法的有效性.

弱电网下构网型双馈风电机组直流动态分析及优化控制策略

当双馈风电机组接入弱交流电网时,转子侧和网侧变流器均采用无锁相环的构网型控制策略可以提高发电系统的并网稳定性。然而,对直流端口而言,网侧变流器在构网型控制下的直流电压抗扰能力有所降低,机组出力波动时直流电压的动态特征不容忽视。为此,文中首先建立了考虑交直流侧动态耦合特征的构网型双馈风电机组的小信号模型。基于系统模型研究了不同电网强度和风机转速下直流电压控制的稳定性,根据耦合传递函数矩阵分析了不同条件下定子功率变化对直流电压的耦合影响。利用小信号模型分析了定子功率对直流电压的交、直流耦合路径,并分别设计了解耦优化策略。理论分析表明,所提策略可以降低有功功率加载对直流电压的耦合作用,优化直流侧动态特性。最后,利用硬件在环实验平台验证了理论分析的正确性及所提控制策略的有效性。

我国碳交易市场的弱式有效性检验及趋势分析

文章基于各碳交易市场日均交易价格数据,采用RS分析法和ADF检验法对中国八个试点省市的碳排放权交易市场和全国碳市场进行研究,以检验市场是否达到弱式有效水平,并追踪有效性特征随时间的演变。结果表明:各试点碳交易市场以及全国碳市场均未达到弱式有效水平,总体仍处于发展阶段。随着政策的完善、市场参与者的增加和技术的进步,预期市场效率将得到提升。本文为研究碳金融市场的演进提供了理论基础,还为全国统一碳排放权交易市场的建设提供了政策效果的评估和反馈,以消除内部阻碍碳排放权流动的约束,提高资源配置效率。

Second-Order Finite Difference/Spectral Element Formulation for Solving the Fractional Advection-Diffusion Equation

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the numerical method based upon the spectral element technique for the numerical solution of the fractional advection-diffusion equa-tion.The time variable has been discretized by a second-order finite difference procedure.The stability and the convergence of the semi-discrete formula have been proven.Then,the spatial variable of the main PDEs is approximated by the spectral element method.The convergence order of the fully discrete scheme is studied.The basis functions of the spectral element method are based upon a class of Legendre polynomials.The numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.

高阶高度非线性强耦合偏微分方程组数值解实现方法——以渗蚀强耦合偏微分方程组为例

为实现高阶高度非线性强耦合偏微分方程组(Partial Differential Equations,PDEs)的数值求解,本文以渗蚀强耦合PDEs为典型案例,剖析了PDEs的高阶高度非线性,结合空间映射,基于弱形式建模与分离式算法,实现了渗蚀强耦合PDEs的数值求解,并验证了求解方法的可行性与可靠性。研究表明:强耦合是导致PDEs非线性特性的充分条件;非弱形式建模难以妥善解决高阶高度非线性强耦合PDEs数值收敛性问题;分离式求解算法对于高阶高度非线性强耦合PDEs的初始条件更具包容性。

构网型直驱风电机组间控制相互作用研究

构网型风电控制技术具有很好的弱电网适应性,可以有效避免风电并网次超同步振荡问题。但是虚拟同步控制引入固有的低频特征模式,接入强电网时会发生低频振荡,同时多台构网型风电机组并联运行时存在控制器相互作用。针对此问题,采用特征模式分析方法,研究了基于虚拟同步控制方法的构网型直驱风电机组并联运行时的控制相互作用及主导低频特征模式稳定性。揭示了虚拟惯量控制参数及系统运行方式对构网型风电机组并联运行低频振荡特性的影响。通过详细时域仿真验证了分析结果的正确性。

A Study of the Elastodynamic Problem by Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin Method Using the Laplace-Transform

The Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) with Laplace transform is used for solving partial differential equation. Local weak form is developed using the weighted residual method locally from the dynamic partial differential equation and using the moving least square (MLS) method to construct shape function. This method is a more effective alternative than the finite element method for computer modelling and simulation of problems in engineering;however, the accuracy of the present method depends on a number of parameters deriving from local weak form and different subdomains. In this paper, the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) formulation is proposed for forced vibration analysis. First, the results are presented for different values of as, and aq?with regular distribution of nodes nt=55. After, the results are presented with fixed values of?as?and aq?for different time-step.

弱电网下功率同步构网型DFIG的阻尼分析及转矩振荡抑制

随着风电占比的不断增加,功率同步构网型双馈风电机组(PS-DFIG)接入弱电网下的稳定性问题受到广泛关注。相比于锁相同步跟网型控制下的功率响应特性,基于构网型控制结构的PS-DFIG中有功环与转速环交互影响更容易引发转矩产生低频振荡。为此,文中首先建立了PSDFIG系统的有功功率与发电机转速的小信号模型,分析了有功功率与转速响应的耦合特性,在此基础上借助电气阻尼分析方法研究了PS-DFIG系统环路特性对传动链低频振荡的影响。然后,基于多环路带宽设计准则,在有功环中引入微分前馈方法提高有功功率带宽,同时在转速环输出中附加转矩补偿,改善了电磁转矩的电气阻尼特性,提升了功率环参数的鲁棒性,有效降低了PS-DFIG系统传动链低频振荡的风险。最后,在RT-LAB的硬件在环平台进行了实验验证。

用于弱电网互联的柔性直流输电系统双端构网型控制

针对常规跟网型控制下柔性直流输电系统不具备电网频率支撑能力、弱电网运行能力差的问题,提出了一种柔性直流输电系统的双端构网型控制策略.利用直流电容的动力学特性,将柔性直流输电系统模拟为同步电动机-连轴-同步发电机运行,使其具备良好的弱电网运行能力与电网主动支撑能力.在此基础上,设计了柔性直流输电系统的电网故障穿越策略.在PSCAD/EMTDC软件中进行仿真验证,结果表明所提柔性直流输电系统的双端构网型控制策略具备弱电网适应能力、快速潮流调节能力、电网频率主动支撑能力以及电网故障穿越能力.

基于无单元局部弱式法的2.5维直流电阻率正演

传统的数值模拟方法依赖于节点连接信息的单元,基于全局弱式的无单元Galerkin法虽然无需节点连接信息的单元剖分,但仍依赖于全局域内剖分的背景积分单元。文中基于无单元Galerkin法,利用单位分解积分法将全局域积分转化为节点局部域积分,从而不再需要全局域内剖分的背景积分单元,进一步减小了对单元的依赖,实现了更灵活和更高精度的2.5维直流电阻率无单元局部弱式法正演模拟。分别应用该算法、无单元Galerkin法及有限单元法对不同地电模型进行数值模拟及效果对比,证明了所提算法对直流电阻率正演模拟的正确性和有效性。相比于无单元Galerkin法和有限单元法,文中算法具有更强的灵活性和适应性、更高的精度。为了提高该算法对地形起伏模型的模拟精度,对地形起伏区域进行节点加密,并对地形以外的高斯点不做计算,可获得与无单元Galerkin法和有限单元法(FEM)基本一致的效果。

CAES储气库衬砌开裂对裂隙围岩两相渗流和传热特性的影响

为研究压气储能(CAES)储气库衬砌密封层开裂对裂隙围岩的两相渗流和传热特性的影响,基于COMSOL平台,利用弱形式PDE二次开发了双重介质两相渗流计算程序,并进行了验证。以某CAES储气库为背景,建立了储气库裂隙岩体两相渗流传热数值模型,研究了充放气过程中衬砌开裂对裂隙围岩的两相渗流和传热特性的影响。结果表明:①衬砌开裂会使围岩裂隙和孔隙内渗流压力升高,同时导致裂隙和孔隙之间的渗流压力差增大,最大压差增大1.5 MPa。②运行210 d后,衬砌开裂将导致渗漏的气体水平扩散范围由无开裂的54 m扩大至66.7 m。③初次充放气条件下,衬砌内外侧温差大,有可能超过100 K;衬砌开裂和围岩裂隙对衬砌和围岩温度分布影响微弱。因此衬砌开裂会造成渗流压力扩散,但对温度分布影响微弱。

柔性直流输电系统的构网型控制关键技术与挑战

随着大规模非同步电源替代传统电网部分同步电机,电源结构和电网骨架发生变化,电力系统将面临弱系统、惯量低和电压支撑弱的问题。采用构网型控制的柔性直流输电系统可模拟同步电机运行特性,在实现功率传输的同时发挥电网支撑作用。文中对构网型控制柔直应用场景和技术框架进行了介绍,从并网性能评价、宽频谐振稳定和暂态稳定性3个角度分析了构网型控制应用于柔直领域的关键技术,归纳分析了在控制参数设计、一次设备过流能力以及能量来源3个方面的挑战以及若干技术方向。