A new 3-D hybrid framework {[(dafone)PbI2](dafone)2}n 1 (dafone = 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one) has been prepared and structurally determined. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 24.109...A new 3-D hybrid framework {[(dafone)PbI2](dafone)2}n 1 (dafone = 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one) has been prepared and structurally determined. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 24.109(8), b = 16.596(8), c = 7.983(3)A, β = 91.590(15)°, V = 3193(2)A^3, Z = 4, C33H18I2N6O3Pb, Mr = 1007.53, Dc = 2.096 g/cm^3, F(000) = 1880, μ(MoKα) = 7.262 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0352 and wR = 0.0951 for 3198 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). In the [(dafone)PbI2]n chain, the Pb center adopts a distorted octahedral coordination geometry and shares an edge to give a one-dimensional polymer. The 3-D arrangement of 1 constructs from H-bonds among dafone molecules and π-π stacking interactions among dissociative dafone molecules. These weak interactions contribute to the stability of the title compound. DFT calculation was carried out to reveal its electronic structure.展开更多
The assembly reactions of o- (or m-, or p-) tetrafluorobenzenedicarboxylic acid (denoted as o-H2L, m-H2L and p-HzL, respectively), benzonitrile and Ag+ ion led to three compounds: [Ag2(PhCN)2(o-HL)2]n (1),...The assembly reactions of o- (or m-, or p-) tetrafluorobenzenedicarboxylic acid (denoted as o-H2L, m-H2L and p-HzL, respectively), benzonitrile and Ag+ ion led to three compounds: [Ag2(PhCN)2(o-HL)2]n (1), [Ag2(PhCN)2(m-HL)2]n (2) and [Ag2(PhCN)2(p-L)], (3). 1 and 2 feature a 1D coordination chain, while 3 bears a 2D net structure. A variety of weak interactions are observed in the compounds. Strong nwrinteractions connect the 1D chains into a 3D supramolecular network in 1. Hydrogen bonds connect the chains into layers in 2. Three types of interesting π-π interactions also assemble the 2D layers into a 3D overall structure in 3.展开更多
The mononuclear complex [Ag(C6H6NCl)2](ClO() has been prepared and structurally analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with unit cell paramete...The mononuclear complex [Ag(C6H6NCl)2](ClO() has been prepared and structurally analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with unit cell parameters: a=15.5314(2), b=8.0247(8), c=15.3701(2)?.β=118.832(2)°, V=1678.2(3)?3, Z=4, Mr=462.46, Dc=1.830Mg/m3, F(000)=912, μ(MoKα) = 1.694cm-1. The final R and wR are 0.0472 and 0.1272 for 1484 observed reflections with I≥3σ(I). The Ag atom is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms of 4-chloromethyl-pyridine in a linear coordination geometry. Each molecule is further linked by the weak interaction between the Cl and Ag atoms to form a one-dimensional chain structure with Ag-Cl distance of 3.240?.展开更多
A new ion-pair complex, [BzMeQ1]2[Ni(nmt)2]1([BzMeQ1]^+ = 1-benzyl-4-ntethylquino- linium, mnta- -- maleonitriledithiolate) has been synthesized and structurally characterized by IR, ESI-MS and X-ray diffraction ...A new ion-pair complex, [BzMeQ1]2[Ni(nmt)2]1([BzMeQ1]^+ = 1-benzyl-4-ntethylquino- linium, mnta- -- maleonitriledithiolate) has been synthesized and structurally characterized by IR, ESI-MS and X-ray diffraction methods. Complex 1 is of triclinic, space group PI, with a = 9.079(2), b = 10.154(2), c = 11.243(2)A, α= 81.58(1), β= 69.63(1), γ = 68.02(1)°, V= 940.1(3)A3, Dc = 1.427 g/cm^3, Z = 1, F(000) = 418 and R = 0.0442. A 2D layer structure is formed via the cation-cation π…π and C-H…π interactions observed in the solid state of the complex.展开更多
Traditionally, in weak interaction, I<sub>3</sub>, Y and four flavour quantum numbers are not conserved but several empirical selection rules work well. Recently, it was found that, in weak interaction, th...Traditionally, in weak interaction, I<sub>3</sub>, Y and four flavour quantum numbers are not conserved but several empirical selection rules work well. Recently, it was found that, in weak interaction, there are three levels of conservation of additive quantum numbers, and fermion quantum number F is conserved in all kinds of interactions. It is known that weak interaction has three types: fermionic, pure hadronic and pure leptonic, corresponding to the first and the second level of conservation of additive quantum numbers respectively. It is demonstrated in this paper that the selection rules in all types of weak interaction can be interpreted by conservation of F, and the formula of relation between Q/e, F and F<sub>0</sub> is more general than Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula. Description of weak interaction becomes simpler, If only we take Q, F<sub>0</sub> and F, based on the conserved physical quantities.展开更多
The geometries of van der Waals complex CO 2...CO were optimized at DFT and second order Moller Plesset perturbation(MP2) levels with the large basis set, three stable structures were found. The most stable structu...The geometries of van der Waals complex CO 2...CO were optimized at DFT and second order Moller Plesset perturbation(MP2) levels with the large basis set, three stable structures were found. The most stable structure has a T shape geometry in which the CO lies along the C 2 axis of CO 2, with the two C atoms direct contact and R (C...C)=0 3227 nm. The corresponding energies of the most stable structure were calculated by means of MP2, MP4D, MP4DQ, MP4SDTQ, MP4SDQ, CCSD and CCSD(T) methods. The BSSE(basis set superposition error) was eliminated by the Boys Bernardi counterpoise correction(CP) method. According to thermodynamics data, van der Waals complex CO 2...CO can be found at a low temperature and/or a high pressure. There is a little charge transferred between the two interacted subunits. In the most stable structure, CO 2 is the acceptor and CO is the donor.展开更多
The complexation between circular DNA and individual chains of PEO-b-P4VP with a relatively long PEO block and a short P4VP block is highly controllable when the interaction between DNA and the polymer is weak enough....The complexation between circular DNA and individual chains of PEO-b-P4VP with a relatively long PEO block and a short P4VP block is highly controllable when the interaction between DNA and the polymer is weak enough. When one circular DNA chain is taken into consideration, and the polymer concentration is far below its critical micelle concentration (CMC), polymer chains are absorbed by DNA chain due to the interaction between the negatively charged DNA chain and the slightly positively charged P4VP block chains. After the adsorption/complexation, the DNA chain is converted into a nanoring (type 1). In the nanoring, the DNA chain is sufficiently wrapped by the polymer and adopts a fully stretched conformation, so that the DNA compact ratio in the nanorings is close to 1. When the polymer concentration is close to but lower than the CMC, the free polymer chains in the solution are adsorbed not only by the DNA chain but also by the polymer chains that have already been adsorbed on the DNA chain. As a result, the circular DNA chain adsorbs more polymer chains, and thus the resultant nanoring (type 2) has a larger width. In the type 2 nanoring, the DNA chain is slightly compressed; the DNA compact ratio is only about 2-3. Therefore, complexation induced by the weak interaction between DNA and PEO-b-P4VP below the CMC can produce narrow-disperse and large nanorings with a perimeter of micrometers, which are difficult to prepare by existing methods.展开更多
The cell membrane is a vital barrier that protects the cell from external damage and is involved in many biochemical processes.Thus,it is of great significance to label the cell membrane to explore its function.Howeve...The cell membrane is a vital barrier that protects the cell from external damage and is involved in many biochemical processes.Thus,it is of great significance to label the cell membrane to explore its function.However,due to its complex and dynamic nature,precise and firm cell membrane labeling simultaneously is still a challenge.Herein,we report the fabrication of a peptide-conjugated aggregationinduced emission fluorogen(AIEgen),RTP,consisting of three main components:(1)An integrin-targeting peptide(RGD,R),which could bind specifically to integrinαvβ3 on cell membranes through ligand–receptor interaction.(2)An AIE-active tetraphenylethene derivative(T-MY,T)for fluorescent imaging.(3)Palmitic acid-modified peptide(Pal-RRRR,P),in which Pal isinserted into the lipid on the cellmembrane by hydrophobic interaction,and RRRR interacted with the negatively charged cell membrane components(proteins and lipids)through electrostatic forces.RTP could precisely label tumor cells with high integrinαvβ3 expression andfirmly trace the cellmembrane for up to 4 h;it also has a strong resistance to photobleaching.Moreover,RTP achieved in vivo tumor-specific imaging via cell membrane labeling.Thereby,utilizing multiple weak interactions between the fluorescent probe and the cell membrane provided a new strategy for precise and firm imaging of the cell membrane simultaneously.展开更多
In this paper we study the interaction of strong and weak singularities for hyperbolic system of conservation laws in multidimensional space. Under the assumption of transversal intersect of the shock front with the b...In this paper we study the interaction of strong and weak singularities for hyperbolic system of conservation laws in multidimensional space. Under the assumption of transversal intersect of the shock front with the bicharacteristics bearing weak singularities we proved a theorem on regularity propagation across the shock front.展开更多
The pictures from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) suggest that massive galaxies were already at the beginning of the expansion of the Universe because there was too short time to create them. It is consistent wi...The pictures from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) suggest that massive galaxies were already at the beginning of the expansion of the Universe because there was too short time to create them. It is consistent with the new cosmology presented within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST). The phase transitions of the initial inflation field described in SST lead to the Protoworld—its core was built of dark matter (DM). We show that the DAMA/LIBRA annual-modulation amplitude forced by the change of the Earth’s velocity (i.e. baryonic-matter (BM) velocity) in relation to the spinning DM field in our Galaxy’s halo should be very low. We calculated that in the DM-BM weak interactions are created single and entangled spacetime condensates with a lowest mass/energy of 0.807 keV—as the Higgs boson they can decay to two photons, so we can indirectly detect DM. Our results are consistent with the averaged DAMA/LIBRA/COSINE-100 curve describing the dependence of the event rate on the photon energy in single-hit events. We calculated the mean dark-matter-halo (DMH) mass around quasars, we also described the origin of the plateaux in the rotation curves for the massive spiral galaxies, the role of DM-loops in magnetars, the origin of CMB, the AGN-jet and galactic-halo production, and properties of dark energy (DE).展开更多
This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the S...This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the SU(2)-based weak interaction and the SU(1)-based right-chiral self-interaction, in which the W-and the Z-bosons are Yukawa residual-field-carriers of the hyper-color force, in the same sense as the pions are the residual-field-carriers of the color SU(3) interaction. Using the method of numerical minimization of the SU(4)-action based on this model, the masses and the inner structure of leptons, quarks and weak bosons are calculated: the mass results are very close to the experimental values. We calculate also precisely the value of the Cabibbo angle, so the mixing matrices of the Standard model, CKM matrix for quarks and PMNS matrix for neutrinos can also be calculated. In total, we reduce the 29 parameters of the Standard Model to a total of 7 parameters.展开更多
Three Clifford algebras are sufficient to describe all interactions of modern physics: The Clifford algebra of the usual space is enough to describe all aspects of electromagnetism, including the quantum wave of the e...Three Clifford algebras are sufficient to describe all interactions of modern physics: The Clifford algebra of the usual space is enough to describe all aspects of electromagnetism, including the quantum wave of the electron. The Clifford algebra of space-time is enough for electro-weak interactions. To get the gauge group of the standard model, with electro-weak and strong interactions, a third algebra is sufficient, with only two more dimensions of space. The Clifford algebra of space allows us to include also gravitation. We discuss the advantages of our approach.展开更多
A new complex [Ni(phen)(mal)(H2O)2]·3H2O (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, real^2- = malonic acid) has been synthesized by the reaction of nickel nitrate, phen and malonic acid. EA, IR spectra and X-ray single...A new complex [Ni(phen)(mal)(H2O)2]·3H2O (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, real^2- = malonic acid) has been synthesized by the reaction of nickel nitrate, phen and malonic acid. EA, IR spectra and X-ray single-crystal diffraction were carried out to determine the composition and crystal structure of the title complex. Crystal data: monoclinic system, space group P2/c,α = 8.937(3), b = 12.163(5), c = 9.725(3) A,β = 119.36°, C15H19N2O9Ni,Mr= 430.03, Z = 2, F(000) = 446, V= 921.3 A3, Dc = 1.550 g/cm^3, μ= 1.104 mm^-1, -10≤h≤10, -12≤k≤ 14, -11≤1≤7, R = 0.0261 and wR = 0.0609 for 4376 (Rint = 0.0203) independent reflections and 1631 observed ones (I 〉 2σ(I)). Ni(Ⅱ) exhibits an octahedral coordination geometry, with hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions stabilizing the whole structure. UV spectrum of the complex interacting with protamine DNA indicates that the title compound interacts with DNA via insertion mode with bonding constant Kb of 1. 11 × 10^4.展开更多
For the unification of gravitation with electromagnetism, weak and strong interactions, we use a unique and very simple framework, the Clifford algebra of space . We enlarge our previous wave equation to the general c...For the unification of gravitation with electromagnetism, weak and strong interactions, we use a unique and very simple framework, the Clifford algebra of space . We enlarge our previous wave equation to the general case, including all leptons, quarks and antiparticles of the first generation. The wave equation is a generalization of the Dirac equation with a compulsory non-linear mass term. This equation is form invariant under the group of the invertible elements in the space algebra. The form invariance is fully compatible with the gauge invariance of the standard model. The wave equations of the different particles come by Lagrange equations from a Lagrangian density and this Lagrangian density is the sum of the real parts of the wave equations. Both form invariance and gauge invariance are exact symmetries, not only partial or broken symmetries. Inertia is already present in the part of the gauge group and the inertial chiral potential vector simplifies weak interactions. Relativistic quantum physics is then a naturally yet unified theory, including all interactions.展开更多
A new term was added to the well-known semi-empirical mass formula to account for the changes due to gravitational attraction between nucleons in the liquid drop, as well as, accommodates for the necessary corrections...A new term was added to the well-known semi-empirical mass formula to account for the changes due to gravitational attraction between nucleons in the liquid drop, as well as, accommodates for the necessary corrections in the binding energy of a nucleus. The results of our calculations show a straight forward evidence that the gravitational attraction bears a reasonable contribution to the binding energy. On the other hand, employing the gravitational term in the semi empirical mass formula was led to the calculation of gravitational constant at subnuclear level.展开更多
A novel two-dimensional supramolecular complex [Mn(phen)(DPZDA)(H2O)]·2H2O has been synthesized by the reaction of Mn(CH3COO)2, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and H2DPZDA (3,5-dimethyl-pyrazine-2,6-dicarbo...A novel two-dimensional supramolecular complex [Mn(phen)(DPZDA)(H2O)]·2H2O has been synthesized by the reaction of Mn(CH3COO)2, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and H2DPZDA (3,5-dimethyl-pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid). Elemental analysis, IR spectra and X-ray singlecrystal diffraction were carried out to determine the composition and crystal structure of the title complex. Crystal data: triclinic system, space group P1, a = 7.7474(13), b = 9.3381(15), c = 15.146(3) A, α = 93.872(3), β= 102.451 (11 ), y = 105.261 ( 11)°, C20H20MnN4O7, Mr = 483.34, Z = 2, F(000) = 498, V=1023.2(3)A^3, Dc=1.569 g/cm^3,μ=0.697 mm^-1, -9≤h≤9, -11≤k≤10, -18≤l≤12, R = 0.0365 and wR=0.0901 for 3585 independent reflections (Rint= 0.0165) and 2923 observed reflections (I〉 2σ(I)). Structural analysis indicates that Mn(Ⅱ) adopts a distorted octahedral geometry. The 2-D framework supramolecular structure of the title complex is constructed from hydrogen bonds and π…π interactions.展开更多
A new compound, [Ni(Hdctrz)(H2O)4](1, H3dctrz = 1-H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid), has been successfully synthesized via slow evaporation. The structure of 1 was characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysi...A new compound, [Ni(Hdctrz)(H2O)4](1, H3dctrz = 1-H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid), has been successfully synthesized via slow evaporation. The structure of 1 was characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 6.871(1), b = 11.468(1), c = 12.178(1) A, b = 101.291(1)o, V = 941.01(16) A3, Z = 4, C4H9N3O8Ni, Mr = 285.85, Dc = 2.018 g·cm–3, m = 2.10 mm–1, F(000) = 584, GOOF = 1.025, the final R = 0.0515 and wR = 0.2125 for 1404 observed reflections(I 〉 2s(I)). The crystal structure is assembled by a slightly distorted {NiNO5} octahedral geometry and hydrogen bonds viz. N–H…O, O–H…O, C–O…π and π···π weak interactions. A rare π···π interaction from triazolate and carboxylate is affirmed through the molecular orbitals(MO) of three adjacent Ni CN molecules. The 3D Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed to gain additional insight into the interactions responsible for the packing of compound 1. Quantitative examination of 2D fingerprint plots revealed, amongst others, the dominating participation of O···H, N···H and π···π interactions in the molecular packing.展开更多
The solvothermal reaction of H3dhpmc (H3dhpmc = 2, 4-dihydroxypyrimidine- 5-carboxylic acid), CuCl2稨2O and NaVO3 results in the formation of a discrete mononuclear Cu(Ⅱ) complex [Cu(H2dhpmc)2]?H2O. It crystallizes i...The solvothermal reaction of H3dhpmc (H3dhpmc = 2, 4-dihydroxypyrimidine- 5-carboxylic acid), CuCl2稨2O and NaVO3 results in the formation of a discrete mononuclear Cu(Ⅱ) complex [Cu(H2dhpmc)2]?H2O. It crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 5.0497(9), b = 10.0196(6), c = 13.715(2) ? b = 96.237(1)? V = 689.8(2) 3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.973 g/cm3, ?= 1.654 mm-1, F(000) = 414, R = 0.0736 and wR = 0.1351. Each Cu(Ⅱ) is coordinated to four oxygen atoms of two 2, 4-dihydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid ligands in the equatorial position and two oxygen atoms of two water molecules in the axial position to form an axially elongated octahedral geometry. The title complex is further linked into a three-dimensional structure through the weak interactions of hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atoms and the nitrogen atoms.展开更多
We continue the study of the Standard Model of Quantum Physics in the Clifford algebra of space. We get simplified mass terms for the fermion part of the wave. We insert the simplified equations in the frame of Genera...We continue the study of the Standard Model of Quantum Physics in the Clifford algebra of space. We get simplified mass terms for the fermion part of the wave. We insert the simplified equations in the frame of General Relativity. We construct the electromagnetic field of the photon, alone boson without proper mass. We explain how the Pauli principle comes from the equivalence principle of General Relativity. We transpose in the frame of the algebra of space the second quantification of the electromagnetic field. We discuss the changes introduced here.展开更多
The title compounds (4-NH2C6H4S)4Sn 1 and [(4-NH2C6H4S)2(4-NH3C6H4S)2- Sn]Cl2 2 have been synthesized and their crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction study. 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space grou...The title compounds (4-NH2C6H4S)4Sn 1 and [(4-NH2C6H4S)2(4-NH3C6H4S)2- Sn]Cl2 2 have been synthesized and their crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction study. 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/m, a = 8.8431(6), b = 15.2944(10), c = 9.1974(7) ?, β = 93.835(2)°, V = 1241.16 (15) ?3, Z = 2, Mr = 615.40, Dc = 1.647 g/cm3, F(000) = 620, μ = 1.387 mm-1, the final R = 0.0439 and wR = 0.1120 for 1892 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). 2 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 31.0848(2), b = 7.9685(3), c = 11.7213(4) ?, β = 97.228(2)°, V = 2880.28(15) ?3, Z = 4, Mr = 688.32, Dc = 1.5877 g/cm3, F(000) = 1384, μ = 1.384 mm-1, the final R = 0.0416 and wR = 0.1269 for 1968 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The Sn4+ ions in 1 and 2 are coordinated to four sulfur atoms with highly and slightly distorted tetrahedral configurations, respectively.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (E0710008)Innovation Fund for Young Scientist of Fujian Province (2007F3049)Fund of Education Committee of Fujian Province (JA07018)
文摘A new 3-D hybrid framework {[(dafone)PbI2](dafone)2}n 1 (dafone = 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one) has been prepared and structurally determined. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 24.109(8), b = 16.596(8), c = 7.983(3)A, β = 91.590(15)°, V = 3193(2)A^3, Z = 4, C33H18I2N6O3Pb, Mr = 1007.53, Dc = 2.096 g/cm^3, F(000) = 1880, μ(MoKα) = 7.262 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0352 and wR = 0.0951 for 3198 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). In the [(dafone)PbI2]n chain, the Pb center adopts a distorted octahedral coordination geometry and shares an edge to give a one-dimensional polymer. The 3-D arrangement of 1 constructs from H-bonds among dafone molecules and π-π stacking interactions among dissociative dafone molecules. These weak interactions contribute to the stability of the title compound. DFT calculation was carried out to reveal its electronic structure.
基金Supported by the NNSFC (21071025,91122031, 21107008)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (20100041120021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT12YQ04)
文摘The assembly reactions of o- (or m-, or p-) tetrafluorobenzenedicarboxylic acid (denoted as o-H2L, m-H2L and p-HzL, respectively), benzonitrile and Ag+ ion led to three compounds: [Ag2(PhCN)2(o-HL)2]n (1), [Ag2(PhCN)2(m-HL)2]n (2) and [Ag2(PhCN)2(p-L)], (3). 1 and 2 feature a 1D coordination chain, while 3 bears a 2D net structure. A variety of weak interactions are observed in the compounds. Strong nwrinteractions connect the 1D chains into a 3D supramolecular network in 1. Hydrogen bonds connect the chains into layers in 2. Three types of interesting π-π interactions also assemble the 2D layers into a 3D overall structure in 3.
文摘The mononuclear complex [Ag(C6H6NCl)2](ClO() has been prepared and structurally analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with unit cell parameters: a=15.5314(2), b=8.0247(8), c=15.3701(2)?.β=118.832(2)°, V=1678.2(3)?3, Z=4, Mr=462.46, Dc=1.830Mg/m3, F(000)=912, μ(MoKα) = 1.694cm-1. The final R and wR are 0.0472 and 0.1272 for 1484 observed reflections with I≥3σ(I). The Ag atom is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms of 4-chloromethyl-pyridine in a linear coordination geometry. Each molecule is further linked by the weak interaction between the Cl and Ag atoms to form a one-dimensional chain structure with Ag-Cl distance of 3.240?.
基金the President's Science Foundation of South China Agricultural University (No. 2005K092)
文摘A new ion-pair complex, [BzMeQ1]2[Ni(nmt)2]1([BzMeQ1]^+ = 1-benzyl-4-ntethylquino- linium, mnta- -- maleonitriledithiolate) has been synthesized and structurally characterized by IR, ESI-MS and X-ray diffraction methods. Complex 1 is of triclinic, space group PI, with a = 9.079(2), b = 10.154(2), c = 11.243(2)A, α= 81.58(1), β= 69.63(1), γ = 68.02(1)°, V= 940.1(3)A3, Dc = 1.427 g/cm^3, Z = 1, F(000) = 418 and R = 0.0442. A 2D layer structure is formed via the cation-cation π…π and C-H…π interactions observed in the solid state of the complex.
文摘Traditionally, in weak interaction, I<sub>3</sub>, Y and four flavour quantum numbers are not conserved but several empirical selection rules work well. Recently, it was found that, in weak interaction, there are three levels of conservation of additive quantum numbers, and fermion quantum number F is conserved in all kinds of interactions. It is known that weak interaction has three types: fermionic, pure hadronic and pure leptonic, corresponding to the first and the second level of conservation of additive quantum numbers respectively. It is demonstrated in this paper that the selection rules in all types of weak interaction can be interpreted by conservation of F, and the formula of relation between Q/e, F and F<sub>0</sub> is more general than Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula. Description of weak interaction becomes simpler, If only we take Q, F<sub>0</sub> and F, based on the conserved physical quantities.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2 99730 2 2 ) the Foundation for Key Teachers inuniversity of State Ministry of Education of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province.
文摘The geometries of van der Waals complex CO 2...CO were optimized at DFT and second order Moller Plesset perturbation(MP2) levels with the large basis set, three stable structures were found. The most stable structure has a T shape geometry in which the CO lies along the C 2 axis of CO 2, with the two C atoms direct contact and R (C...C)=0 3227 nm. The corresponding energies of the most stable structure were calculated by means of MP2, MP4D, MP4DQ, MP4SDTQ, MP4SDQ, CCSD and CCSD(T) methods. The BSSE(basis set superposition error) was eliminated by the Boys Bernardi counterpoise correction(CP) method. According to thermodynamics data, van der Waals complex CO 2...CO can be found at a low temperature and/or a high pressure. There is a little charge transferred between the two interacted subunits. In the most stable structure, CO 2 is the acceptor and CO is the donor.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21334001 and 21574025)
文摘The complexation between circular DNA and individual chains of PEO-b-P4VP with a relatively long PEO block and a short P4VP block is highly controllable when the interaction between DNA and the polymer is weak enough. When one circular DNA chain is taken into consideration, and the polymer concentration is far below its critical micelle concentration (CMC), polymer chains are absorbed by DNA chain due to the interaction between the negatively charged DNA chain and the slightly positively charged P4VP block chains. After the adsorption/complexation, the DNA chain is converted into a nanoring (type 1). In the nanoring, the DNA chain is sufficiently wrapped by the polymer and adopts a fully stretched conformation, so that the DNA compact ratio in the nanorings is close to 1. When the polymer concentration is close to but lower than the CMC, the free polymer chains in the solution are adsorbed not only by the DNA chain but also by the polymer chains that have already been adsorbed on the DNA chain. As a result, the circular DNA chain adsorbs more polymer chains, and thus the resultant nanoring (type 2) has a larger width. In the type 2 nanoring, the DNA chain is slightly compressed; the DNA compact ratio is only about 2-3. Therefore, complexation induced by the weak interaction between DNA and PEO-b-P4VP below the CMC can produce narrow-disperse and large nanorings with a perimeter of micrometers, which are difficult to prepare by existing methods.
基金support by the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2020YFA0211200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.22090050,21974128,21874121,and 52003257)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.2019CFA043 and 2020CFA037).
文摘The cell membrane is a vital barrier that protects the cell from external damage and is involved in many biochemical processes.Thus,it is of great significance to label the cell membrane to explore its function.However,due to its complex and dynamic nature,precise and firm cell membrane labeling simultaneously is still a challenge.Herein,we report the fabrication of a peptide-conjugated aggregationinduced emission fluorogen(AIEgen),RTP,consisting of three main components:(1)An integrin-targeting peptide(RGD,R),which could bind specifically to integrinαvβ3 on cell membranes through ligand–receptor interaction.(2)An AIE-active tetraphenylethene derivative(T-MY,T)for fluorescent imaging.(3)Palmitic acid-modified peptide(Pal-RRRR,P),in which Pal isinserted into the lipid on the cellmembrane by hydrophobic interaction,and RRRR interacted with the negatively charged cell membrane components(proteins and lipids)through electrostatic forces.RTP could precisely label tumor cells with high integrinαvβ3 expression andfirmly trace the cellmembrane for up to 4 h;it also has a strong resistance to photobleaching.Moreover,RTP achieved in vivo tumor-specific imaging via cell membrane labeling.Thereby,utilizing multiple weak interactions between the fluorescent probe and the cell membrane provided a new strategy for precise and firm imaging of the cell membrane simultaneously.
文摘In this paper we study the interaction of strong and weak singularities for hyperbolic system of conservation laws in multidimensional space. Under the assumption of transversal intersect of the shock front with the bicharacteristics bearing weak singularities we proved a theorem on regularity propagation across the shock front.
文摘The pictures from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) suggest that massive galaxies were already at the beginning of the expansion of the Universe because there was too short time to create them. It is consistent with the new cosmology presented within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST). The phase transitions of the initial inflation field described in SST lead to the Protoworld—its core was built of dark matter (DM). We show that the DAMA/LIBRA annual-modulation amplitude forced by the change of the Earth’s velocity (i.e. baryonic-matter (BM) velocity) in relation to the spinning DM field in our Galaxy’s halo should be very low. We calculated that in the DM-BM weak interactions are created single and entangled spacetime condensates with a lowest mass/energy of 0.807 keV—as the Higgs boson they can decay to two photons, so we can indirectly detect DM. Our results are consistent with the averaged DAMA/LIBRA/COSINE-100 curve describing the dependence of the event rate on the photon energy in single-hit events. We calculated the mean dark-matter-halo (DMH) mass around quasars, we also described the origin of the plateaux in the rotation curves for the massive spiral galaxies, the role of DM-loops in magnetars, the origin of CMB, the AGN-jet and galactic-halo production, and properties of dark energy (DE).
文摘This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the SU(2)-based weak interaction and the SU(1)-based right-chiral self-interaction, in which the W-and the Z-bosons are Yukawa residual-field-carriers of the hyper-color force, in the same sense as the pions are the residual-field-carriers of the color SU(3) interaction. Using the method of numerical minimization of the SU(4)-action based on this model, the masses and the inner structure of leptons, quarks and weak bosons are calculated: the mass results are very close to the experimental values. We calculate also precisely the value of the Cabibbo angle, so the mixing matrices of the Standard model, CKM matrix for quarks and PMNS matrix for neutrinos can also be calculated. In total, we reduce the 29 parameters of the Standard Model to a total of 7 parameters.
文摘Three Clifford algebras are sufficient to describe all interactions of modern physics: The Clifford algebra of the usual space is enough to describe all aspects of electromagnetism, including the quantum wave of the electron. The Clifford algebra of space-time is enough for electro-weak interactions. To get the gauge group of the standard model, with electro-weak and strong interactions, a third algebra is sufficient, with only two more dimensions of space. The Clifford algebra of space allows us to include also gravitation. We discuss the advantages of our approach.
基金Project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (20671064), Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (20052014) and the Ph. D. Programs Foundation of China
文摘A new complex [Ni(phen)(mal)(H2O)2]·3H2O (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, real^2- = malonic acid) has been synthesized by the reaction of nickel nitrate, phen and malonic acid. EA, IR spectra and X-ray single-crystal diffraction were carried out to determine the composition and crystal structure of the title complex. Crystal data: monoclinic system, space group P2/c,α = 8.937(3), b = 12.163(5), c = 9.725(3) A,β = 119.36°, C15H19N2O9Ni,Mr= 430.03, Z = 2, F(000) = 446, V= 921.3 A3, Dc = 1.550 g/cm^3, μ= 1.104 mm^-1, -10≤h≤10, -12≤k≤ 14, -11≤1≤7, R = 0.0261 and wR = 0.0609 for 4376 (Rint = 0.0203) independent reflections and 1631 observed ones (I 〉 2σ(I)). Ni(Ⅱ) exhibits an octahedral coordination geometry, with hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions stabilizing the whole structure. UV spectrum of the complex interacting with protamine DNA indicates that the title compound interacts with DNA via insertion mode with bonding constant Kb of 1. 11 × 10^4.
文摘For the unification of gravitation with electromagnetism, weak and strong interactions, we use a unique and very simple framework, the Clifford algebra of space . We enlarge our previous wave equation to the general case, including all leptons, quarks and antiparticles of the first generation. The wave equation is a generalization of the Dirac equation with a compulsory non-linear mass term. This equation is form invariant under the group of the invertible elements in the space algebra. The form invariance is fully compatible with the gauge invariance of the standard model. The wave equations of the different particles come by Lagrange equations from a Lagrangian density and this Lagrangian density is the sum of the real parts of the wave equations. Both form invariance and gauge invariance are exact symmetries, not only partial or broken symmetries. Inertia is already present in the part of the gauge group and the inertial chiral potential vector simplifies weak interactions. Relativistic quantum physics is then a naturally yet unified theory, including all interactions.
文摘A new term was added to the well-known semi-empirical mass formula to account for the changes due to gravitational attraction between nucleons in the liquid drop, as well as, accommodates for the necessary corrections in the binding energy of a nucleus. The results of our calculations show a straight forward evidence that the gravitational attraction bears a reasonable contribution to the binding energy. On the other hand, employing the gravitational term in the semi empirical mass formula was led to the calculation of gravitational constant at subnuclear level.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No. 20052014) and Doctor Foundation of Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology (No. 20063204)
文摘A novel two-dimensional supramolecular complex [Mn(phen)(DPZDA)(H2O)]·2H2O has been synthesized by the reaction of Mn(CH3COO)2, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and H2DPZDA (3,5-dimethyl-pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid). Elemental analysis, IR spectra and X-ray singlecrystal diffraction were carried out to determine the composition and crystal structure of the title complex. Crystal data: triclinic system, space group P1, a = 7.7474(13), b = 9.3381(15), c = 15.146(3) A, α = 93.872(3), β= 102.451 (11 ), y = 105.261 ( 11)°, C20H20MnN4O7, Mr = 483.34, Z = 2, F(000) = 498, V=1023.2(3)A^3, Dc=1.569 g/cm^3,μ=0.697 mm^-1, -9≤h≤9, -11≤k≤10, -18≤l≤12, R = 0.0365 and wR=0.0901 for 3585 independent reflections (Rint= 0.0165) and 2923 observed reflections (I〉 2σ(I)). Structural analysis indicates that Mn(Ⅱ) adopts a distorted octahedral geometry. The 2-D framework supramolecular structure of the title complex is constructed from hydrogen bonds and π…π interactions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21571118)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2013-026)
文摘A new compound, [Ni(Hdctrz)(H2O)4](1, H3dctrz = 1-H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid), has been successfully synthesized via slow evaporation. The structure of 1 was characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 6.871(1), b = 11.468(1), c = 12.178(1) A, b = 101.291(1)o, V = 941.01(16) A3, Z = 4, C4H9N3O8Ni, Mr = 285.85, Dc = 2.018 g·cm–3, m = 2.10 mm–1, F(000) = 584, GOOF = 1.025, the final R = 0.0515 and wR = 0.2125 for 1404 observed reflections(I 〉 2s(I)). The crystal structure is assembled by a slightly distorted {NiNO5} octahedral geometry and hydrogen bonds viz. N–H…O, O–H…O, C–O…π and π···π weak interactions. A rare π···π interaction from triazolate and carboxylate is affirmed through the molecular orbitals(MO) of three adjacent Ni CN molecules. The 3D Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed to gain additional insight into the interactions responsible for the packing of compound 1. Quantitative examination of 2D fingerprint plots revealed, amongst others, the dominating participation of O···H, N···H and π···π interactions in the molecular packing.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The solvothermal reaction of H3dhpmc (H3dhpmc = 2, 4-dihydroxypyrimidine- 5-carboxylic acid), CuCl2稨2O and NaVO3 results in the formation of a discrete mononuclear Cu(Ⅱ) complex [Cu(H2dhpmc)2]?H2O. It crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 5.0497(9), b = 10.0196(6), c = 13.715(2) ? b = 96.237(1)? V = 689.8(2) 3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.973 g/cm3, ?= 1.654 mm-1, F(000) = 414, R = 0.0736 and wR = 0.1351. Each Cu(Ⅱ) is coordinated to four oxygen atoms of two 2, 4-dihydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid ligands in the equatorial position and two oxygen atoms of two water molecules in the axial position to form an axially elongated octahedral geometry. The title complex is further linked into a three-dimensional structure through the weak interactions of hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atoms and the nitrogen atoms.
文摘We continue the study of the Standard Model of Quantum Physics in the Clifford algebra of space. We get simplified mass terms for the fermion part of the wave. We insert the simplified equations in the frame of General Relativity. We construct the electromagnetic field of the photon, alone boson without proper mass. We explain how the Pauli principle comes from the equivalence principle of General Relativity. We transpose in the frame of the algebra of space the second quantification of the electromagnetic field. We discuss the changes introduced here.
基金supported by the grants from the State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, the National Science and Technology of China,中国科学院资助项目,中国科学院自然科学基金
文摘The title compounds (4-NH2C6H4S)4Sn 1 and [(4-NH2C6H4S)2(4-NH3C6H4S)2- Sn]Cl2 2 have been synthesized and their crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction study. 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/m, a = 8.8431(6), b = 15.2944(10), c = 9.1974(7) ?, β = 93.835(2)°, V = 1241.16 (15) ?3, Z = 2, Mr = 615.40, Dc = 1.647 g/cm3, F(000) = 620, μ = 1.387 mm-1, the final R = 0.0439 and wR = 0.1120 for 1892 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). 2 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 31.0848(2), b = 7.9685(3), c = 11.7213(4) ?, β = 97.228(2)°, V = 2880.28(15) ?3, Z = 4, Mr = 688.32, Dc = 1.5877 g/cm3, F(000) = 1384, μ = 1.384 mm-1, the final R = 0.0416 and wR = 0.1269 for 1968 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The Sn4+ ions in 1 and 2 are coordinated to four sulfur atoms with highly and slightly distorted tetrahedral configurations, respectively.