Oscillation of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction driven by weak electric fields

Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction(DMI) is under extensive investigation considering its crucial status in chiral magnetic orders, such as Néel-type domain wall(DW) and skyrmions. It has been reported that the interfacial DMI originating from Rashba spin–orbit coupling(SOC) can be linearly tuned with strong external electric fields. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that the strength of DMI exhibits rapid fluctuations, ranging from 10% to 30% of its original value, as a function of applied electric fields in Pt/Co/MgO heterostructures within the small field regime(< 10-2V/nm). Brillouin light scattering(BLS) experiments have been performed to measure DMI, and first-principles calculations show agreement with this observation, which can be explained by the variation in orbital hybridization at the Co/MgO interface in response to the weak electric fields. Our results on voltage control of DMI(VCDMI) suggest that research related to the voltage control of magnetic anisotropy for spin–orbit torque or the motion control of skyrmions might also have to consider the role of the external electric field on DMI as small voltages are generally used for the magnetoresistance detection.

Microscopic sand production simulation and visual sanding pattern description in weakly consolidated sandstone reservoirs

To visually describe the sanding pattern,this study constructs a new particle-scale microstructure model of weakly consolidated formation,and develop the corresponding methodology to simulate the sanding process and predict sand cavity shape.The microstructure model is a particle-objective model,which focuses on the random sedimentation of every sand grain.In the microstructure,every particle has its own size,sphericity and inclination angle.It is used to simulate the actual structure of cemented granular materials,which considers the heterogeneity and randomness of reservoir properties,provides the initial status for subsequent sanding simulation.With the particle detachment criteria,the microscopic simulation of sanding can be visually implemented to investigate the pattern and cavity shapes caused by sand production.The results indicate that sanding always starts initially from the borehole border,and then extends along the weakly consolidated plane,showing obvious characteristic of randomness.Three typical microscopic sanding patterns,concerning pore liquefaction,pseudo wormhole and continuous collapse,are proposed to illustrate the sanding mechanism in weakly consolidated reservoirs.The nonuniformity of sanding performance depends on the heterogeneous distribution of reservoir properties,such as rock strength and particle size.Finally,the three sanding patterns are verified by visually experimental work.The proposed integrated methodology is capable of predicting and describing the sanding cavity shape of an oil well after long-term sanding production,and providing the focus objective of future sand control measure.

Analysis of roof and pillar failure associated with weak floor at a limestone mine

A limestone mine in Ohio has had instability problems that have led to massive roof falls extending to the surface. This study focuses on the role that weak, moisture-sensitive floor has in the instability issues.Previous NIOSH research related to this subject did not include analysis for weak floor or weak bands and recommended that when such issues arise they should be investigated further using a more advanced analysis. Therefore, to further investigate the observed instability occurring on a large scale at the Ohio mine, FLAC3 D numerical models were employed to demonstrate the effect that a weak floor has on roof and pillar stability. This case study will provide important information to limestone mine operators regarding the impact of weak floor causing the potential for roof collapse, pillar failure, and subsequent subsidence of the ground surface.

Dynamics of super-quantum discord and direct control with weak measurement in open quantum system

Super-quantum discord（SQD） with weak measurement is regarded as a kind of quantum correlation in quantum information processing. We compare and analyze the dynamical evolutions of SQD, quantum discord（QD）, and quantum entanglement（QE） between two qubits in the correlated dephasing environmental model. The results indicate that（i） owing to the much smaller influence of weak measurement on the coherence of the system than that of von Neumann projection measurement, SQD with weak measurement is larger than QD, and（ii） dynamical evolution of QD or QE monotonically goes to zero with time, while SQD monotonically tends to a stable value and a freezing phenomenon occurs. The stable value after freezing mainly depends on the measurement strength and the purity of the initial quantum state.

Weak Noether symmetry for a nonholonomic controllable mechanical system

This paper discusses the weak Noether symmetry for a nonholonomic controllable mechanical system of Chetaev type, and presents expressions of three kinds of conserved quantities obtained by using weak Noether symmetry. Finally, the application of these new results is illustrated by an example.

Control schemes for synchronizing two subnetworks with weak couplings

In this paper, we propose a well-designed network model with a parameter and study full and partial synchronization of the network model based on the stability analysis. The network model is composed of a star-coupled subnetwork and a globally coupled subnetwork. By analyzing the special coupling configuration, three control schemes are obtained for synchronizing the network model. Further analysis indicates that even if the inner couplings in each subnetwork are very weak, two of the control schemes are still valid. In particular, if the outer coupling weight parameter 0 is larger than （n2 - 2n）/4, or the subnetwork size n is larger than 02, the two subnetworks with weak inner couplings can achieve synchronization. In addition, the synchronizability is independent of the network size in case of 0 〈 0 〈 n/（n ＋ 1 ）. Finally, we carry out some numerical simulations to confirm the validity of the obtained control schemes. It is worth noting that the main idea of this paper also applies to any network consisting of a dense subnetwork and a sparse network.

Added Value of Power Control in Improving the Integration of Wind Turbines in Weak Grid Conditions

For economical reasons, wind turbine systems must be located in favourable sites generating a higher pro- ductivity. These are often located in areas with weak electric grid infrastructures. The constraints related to this type of grids limit the penetration levels of wind energy. These constraints are mainly related to power quality in the grid as well as the economical aspects of the project. In this study, we take into account the slow voltage variations and the flicker phenomenon. The models used are based on the development of a set of relations derived from engineering knowledge related to both technical and economical points of view. The maximal penetration level of a fixed speed wind turbine system is determined for a given grid. The power control has been investigated to improve wind turbine system integration. Obtained results show the necessity to adapt technological choices to the requirements of weaker grids. Penetration levels and wind turbine cost may be greatly improved using variable speed systems.

Coordinated voltage control of renewable energy power plants in weak sending-end power grid

The utilization of renewable energy in sending-end power grids is increasing rapidly,which brings difficulties to voltage control.This paper proposes a coordinated voltage control strategy based on model predictive control(MPC)for the renewable energy power plants of wind and solar power connected to a weak sending-end power grid(WSPG).Wind turbine generators(WTGs),photovoltaic arrays(PVAs),and a static synchronous compensator are coordinated to maintain voltage within a feasible range during operation.This results in the full use of the reactive power capability of WTGs and PVAs.In addition,the impact of the active power outputs of WTGs and PVAs on voltage control are considered because of the high R/X ratio of a collector system.An analytical method is used for calculating sensitivity coefficients to improve computation efficiency.A renewable energy power plant with 80 WTGs and 20 PVAs connected to a WSPG is used to verify the proposed voltage control strategy.Case studies show that the coordinated voltage control strategy can achieve good voltage control performance,which improves the voltage quality of the entire power plant.

采动力学与岩层控制关键理论及工程应用

研究岩体采动力学响应和岩层控制技术对促进煤炭安全高效开采、保障能源稳定供给具有重要意义,是实现煤炭资源科学开采的理论基础。矿山岩体灾害(围岩变形、冲击地压等)频发,其形成-演化-发生全过程与采动力演化分布、岩层运动、开采扰动和能量演化密切相关。基于实用矿山压力控制理论,提出并阐述了采场岩层控制进展与控制准则,建立了定量分析的力学模型和设计方法,发展了针对性的岩体灾害控制技术,并创新研制了配套试验研究装备。采动力学与岩层控制理论将岩层控制分为采场岩层控制和巷道围岩控制;提出控制或利用采动岩层运动改变致灾条件,给出“给定变形”和“限定变形”准则;调控“3S”因素准则(围岩应力环境、围岩结构属性、围岩支护结构)改变围岩自稳能力。以岩体灾害控制为目标,提出了以“应力主控”为核心的释能主控技术;建立了岩体灾害控制大小原理和弱面判据(安全系数K、冲击危险性系数U);研发了采场矿压机械模拟试验系统、采动力试验系统和蠕变及动力扰动冲击加载试验系统,实现了实验室尺度还原采动力作用下岩体变形-破裂-运动过程,为研究采动力作用下岩体力学响应提供了试验装备;分别从采场岩层控制、地质软岩巷道控制、工程软岩巷道控制及冲击地压控制4个方向进行了工程案例研究,相关研究成果在工程应用中得到了验证。

底板动压巷道压裂弱结构体应力转移控制技术

为了满足煤矿安全生产的需要,许多巷道都会布置在煤层底板中,如部分运输大巷、排水巷道、瓦斯抽采巷道等。采动应力容易造成底板巷道围岩应力升高,加剧底板巷道围岩变形,造成支护永久失效、顶板下沉、巷道底鼓、两帮收敛等破坏。针对此,提出了在应力传递路径上实施水力压裂,在指定的区域制造出一定空间形态的水压裂缝网,形成压裂弱结构体,实现区域范围内的应力转移,从而降低巷道区域范围内的应力,控制巷道的围岩稳定性的控制技术,并通过理论分析及现场工程验证等方式,揭示了底板动压巷道压裂弱结构体应力转移的力学机制,建立了相应的力学模型,对压裂弱结构体的合理位置、范围等影响因素进行了求解。得出:(1)压裂弱结构体使局部应力场发生明显变化,出现应力升高区和应力降低区,应力降低区主要分布在弱结构体与采动应力连线的方向上,主要集中在一个拱形的范围内;由于膨胀效应,在与应力来源垂直的方向上产生应力集中,出现应力升高区。(2)最大主应力变化幅度与压裂弱结构体的长轴长L、短轴长H、到巷道的距离P、与巷道连线的水平夹角β、压裂层的强度C及内摩擦角α、压裂的损伤变量D等有关。其中到巷道的距离P对卸压效果影响最大,损伤变量D对卸压效果影响最小。(3)采用提出的计算方法设计了淮北矿业集团袁店一矿的103运输集中巷的卸压方案,工程应用结果表明,底板动压巷道变形速率明显减缓,验证了底板强动压巷道压裂弱结构体应力转移模型的合理性。

基于经验小波变换的多通道微弱电流信号噪声控制

多通道微弱电流信号受很多噪声因素的干扰,导致输出的微弱电流信号与原始信号之间的相对误差增加,控制效果变差,为此提出基于经验小波变换的多通道微弱电流信号噪声控制方法;采集多通道微弱电流信号,利用经验小波变换技术分解采集到的微弱电流信号,判断电流信号中是否存在噪声并确定噪声类型;设计微弱电流信号噪声控制器,根据电流信号中的噪声量与噪声类型生成控制指令,对不同通道微弱电流信号噪声进行控制;在两种不同噪声强度的实验环境下,该方法控制下的多通道微弱电流信号信噪比较高,输出信号与原始信号间的相对误差较低,控制任务完成时间更短;以此证明该方法的多通道微弱电流信号噪声控制效果更好,可以广泛应用至电流信号噪声控制领域。

基于对称控制的三相并网变流器单输入单输出阻抗建模与分析

三相并网变流器的不对称控制结构会导致频率耦合效应,降低其接入弱电网的稳定裕度,增加了阻抗分析的复杂度。首先,该文提出一种三相并网变流器的对称控制策略,以消除由锁相环和直流电压环引起的频率耦合效应。该控制策略通过在控制环路中引入直流电压环q轴补偿,以形成对称的直流电压闭环结构,同时引入对称锁相环,消除传统锁相环的非对称动态特性。因此,三相并网变流器可建模为单输入单输出的阻抗复矢量形式,进而可采用标准奈奎斯特准则进行阻抗稳定性分析,能够直观地说明控制器对系统阻抗特性的主导作用。然后,对并网变流器的阻抗特性进行分析,得出弱电网中对称锁相环的带宽对系统稳定性有着至关重要的影响,并且,不同运行工况也会改变并网变流器的阻抗特性,进而影响系统的稳定性。最后,仿真和实验结果验证了所提控制策略对频率耦合效应抑制的有效性以及阻抗特性分析的准确性。

构网型控制改善跟网型变流器次/超同步振荡稳定性的机理和特性分析

构网型(grid-forming,GFM)并网变流器具有良好的弱电网稳定性,同时能够改善跟网型变流器的次/超同步振荡稳定性。为明确GFM控制改善振荡稳定性的机理和特性,首先推导了GFM变流器电路特性与每个控制环节的关系,并分别从变流器自身电路特性、变流器并网系统整体阻抗特性角度揭示了GFM控制改善振荡稳定性的电路机理。然后,基于阻抗模型定量分析了GFM变流器占比提升对系统振荡频率、阻尼的影响。最后,利用电磁暂态仿真进行了验证。结果表明:GFM变流器在无功控制环节、电压外环作用下表现为“正电阻”,能够削弱跟网型变流器控制环节引入的负阻尼特性,进而改善系统次/超同步振荡稳定性;此外,GFM变流器占比提升能够显著改善系统振荡阻尼,但对振荡频率影响较小。

基于暂态响应时间分析与暂稳态模式识别的锁相环参数自适应方法

锁相环的设计对保障交流网络中设备安全运行有着重要意义,锁相环实现方法与参数设计对锁相环的响应时间、抗扰能力等控制特性起到重要影响。本文通过结合小信号频域模型与大信号状态空间模型,分析同步坐标系锁相环的暂稳态响应特性,得出各参数设计对于锁相环控制特性的影响;在理论分析基础上,提出了基于响应时间与暂稳态模式识别的锁相环参数自适应框架。仿真与实验结果验证了所提出的参数自适应方法可以通过实现参数动态调节,达到对锁相环暂态快速响应与稳态抗扰的设计要求。

连体高层大跨钢连廊设计关键技术分析

以实际工程项目为背景,针对多塔连体高层大跨钢连廊设计中存在的关键技术问题,对多塔弱连接体结构进行了整体弹性和弹塑性分析,研究了大跨钢连廊对塔楼受力和抗震性能的影响以及连廊自身振动特性和振动控制方案。结果表明,采用弱连接方案来降低大跨钢连廊对各塔楼的影响是合理可行的解决方案;对与连廊采用滑动支座连接一端的塔楼,其独立塔楼和整体模型的动力特性和地震响应基本一致,塔楼可按独立塔楼模型计算结果进行设计;对与连廊采用固定铰支座连接一端的塔楼,其独立塔楼和整体模型的动力特征和地震响应有较大差异,应考虑连廊对抗震性能的影响,按整体模型和独立塔楼模型计算结果进行包络设计;连廊支座布置方案和选取的抗震支座实现了预期弱连接设计理念,满足大震下变形需求;采用TMD减振控制的大跨钢连廊在人群荷载激励下的竖向振动加速度响应减小显著,减振率达到70%,减振后竖向振动加速度满足规范要求。

弱电网下构网型双馈风电机组直流动态分析及优化控制策略

当双馈风电机组接入弱交流电网时,转子侧和网侧变流器均采用无锁相环的构网型控制策略可以提高发电系统的并网稳定性。然而,对直流端口而言,网侧变流器在构网型控制下的直流电压抗扰能力有所降低,机组出力波动时直流电压的动态特征不容忽视。为此,文中首先建立了考虑交直流侧动态耦合特征的构网型双馈风电机组的小信号模型。基于系统模型研究了不同电网强度和风机转速下直流电压控制的稳定性,根据耦合传递函数矩阵分析了不同条件下定子功率变化对直流电压的耦合影响。利用小信号模型分析了定子功率对直流电压的交、直流耦合路径,并分别设计了解耦优化策略。理论分析表明,所提策略可以降低有功功率加载对直流电压的耦合作用,优化直流侧动态特性。最后,利用硬件在环实验平台验证了理论分析的正确性及所提控制策略的有效性。

适用于弱电网的三电平并网逆变器模型预测控制

弱电网下并网逆变器的鲁棒性较差、谐波较大,而模型预测控制十分依赖系统参数,这限制了其在弱电网中的应用。针对以上问题,提出适用于NPC(二极管中点钳位)型三电平并网逆变器的数据驱动型V-MFPC(基于虚拟电压矢量的无模型预测控制)策略。首先通过不同的开关序列构造大量虚拟电压矢量,然后利用代价函数预选降低控制算法的计算负担,最后选择合适的开关序列寻优抑制中性点电压波动。仿真结果表明,所提策略能有效抑制中性点电压波动和并网电流谐波,并具有较好的参数鲁棒性。

大容量STATCOM与弱受端直流VDCOL协调控制策略优化研究

由于弱交流系统电压对无功功率变化极为敏感,换流站内静止同步无功补偿器(static synchronous compensatory,STATCOM)与直流的控制若协调不当,故障后直流功率过快恢复会引起换流站的无功功率失衡、电压畸变、连续换相失败等严重问题,对直流稳定运行产生较大影响。分析了落点弱交流系统故障后直流的恢复问题,提出了一种STATCOM与直流系统的电压指令限制单元(voltage dependent current limiting,VDCOL)综合优化的方法,搭建了STATCOM与直流联合运行的RTDS仿真模型并开展仿真与现场实验验证。结果表明所提出的优化方法可限制故障后直流电流超调,减少无功功率消耗。同时直流恢复时间适当延长以及STATCOM的有效配合有利于交流电压恢复和减少后续换相失败风险,对提高弱受端交流系统中直流稳定运行的效果明显。

参与电网调频的多端柔性直流输电系统改进下垂控制策略

参与电网调频的传统下垂控制策略能够利用频率偏差和直流电压实现多端柔性直流输电系统频率之间的相互支撑。然而传统电压下垂系数固定,在分配不平衡功率时容易忽略电网的运行状态和换流站自身容量,导致换流站过载以及弱电网承担功率时频率波动较大。为解决这一问题,提出了一种参与电网调频的改进下垂控制策略。首先分析了参与电网调频的传统下垂控制策略能量调配关系。其次考虑电网的频率裕度以及换流站的自身容量重新设计电压下垂系数。在系统受到扰动后,提出的控制策略能够保证换流站不发生过载,同时实现弱电网的稳定运行。最后通过仿真软件MATLAB/SIMULINK进行仿真验证,结果表明所提控制策略提高了多端柔性直流输电系统的频率调节能力,使系统的运行水平得到有效提升。

新型激光光源在水稻育苗中的应用进展

水稻幼苗需要充足的光照才能正常生长,早春育苗的增温需求推动了温室、大棚和工厂化设施育苗的发展,但由于玻璃、塑料等棚膜材质对阳光的反射和吸收,设施育苗缺光问题凸显。补充光照可以较好解决设施育苗缺光问题,以LED为代表的补光光源已经在设施育苗中得到推广应用,但其依然存在能耗居高不下的问题。激光是人工光源中唯一与太阳光具有平行光特性的光源,具有相关性好、单色性好、方向性好、亮度高、能量大、光电转换效率高、节能等特点。但以氦氖激光为代表的传统激光光源体积大、成本高,难以在作物生长中应用和普及。采用半导体激光器结合匀光技术开发新型激光光源,体积小、成本低,可以实现对水稻秧苗的大面积均匀激光辐照,其单灯照射面积可以达到60~70 m^(2)。同时新型激光光源在保留传统激光相关性、单色性、方向性的同时,还具有高效节能的特点,能耗仅为传统LED光源1/30。研究表明,在水稻育苗过程中采用新型激光光源进行合理辐照,可以提升秧苗品质,插秧后返青快,分蘖多,抽穗早,最终实现水稻的稳产、增产。自2021年以来在全国多地试验结果表明,采用新型激光光源在插秧前辐照水稻秧苗20 d左右,可以实现超过10%的增产。这一结果不仅为我国水稻提质增效提供了重要的技术支撑和保障,也为其他植物在各阶段补光提供了新的方法和手段。