Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

Analysis of the Role of Problem-Based Independent Learning Model in Teaching Cerebral Ischemic Stroke First Aid in Emergency Medicine

Objective:To analyze the effect of using a problem-based(PBL)independent learning model in teaching cerebral ischemic stroke(CIS)first aid in emergency medicine.Methods:90 interns in the emergency department of our hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected for the study.They were divided into Group A(45,conventional teaching method)and Group B(45 cases,PBL independent learning model)by randomized numerical table method to compare the effects of the two groups.Results:The teaching effect indicators and student satisfaction scores in Group B were higher than those in Group A(P<0.05).Conclusion:The use of the PBL independent learning model in the teaching of CIS first aid can significantly improve the teaching effect and student satisfaction.

WebFLex:A Framework for Web Browsers-Based Peer-to-Peer Federated Learning Systems Using WebRTC

Scalability and information personal privacy are vital for training and deploying large-scale deep learning models.Federated learning trains models on exclusive information by aggregating weights from various devices and taking advantage of the device-agnostic environment of web browsers.Nevertheless,relying on a main central server for internet browser-based federated systems can prohibit scalability and interfere with the training process as a result of growing client numbers.Additionally,information relating to the training dataset can possibly be extracted from the distributed weights,potentially reducing the privacy of the local data used for training.In this research paper,we aim to investigate the challenges of scalability and data privacy to increase the efficiency of distributed training models.As a result,we propose a web-federated learning exchange(WebFLex)framework,which intends to improve the decentralization of the federated learning process.WebFLex is additionally developed to secure distributed and scalable federated learning systems that operate in web browsers across heterogeneous devices.Furthermore,WebFLex utilizes peer-to-peer interactions and secure weight exchanges utilizing browser-to-browser web real-time communication(WebRTC),efficiently preventing the need for a main central server.WebFLex has actually been measured in various setups using the MNIST dataset.Experimental results show WebFLex’s ability to improve the scalability of federated learning systems,allowing a smooth increase in the number of participating devices without central data aggregation.In addition,WebFLex can maintain a durable federated learning procedure even when faced with device disconnections and network variability.Additionally,it improves data privacy by utilizing artificial noise,which accomplishes an appropriate balance between accuracy and privacy preservation.

AWeb Application Fingerprint Recognition Method Based on Machine Learning

Web application fingerprint recognition is an effective security technology designed to identify and classify web applications,thereby enhancing the detection of potential threats and attacks.Traditional fingerprint recognition methods,which rely on preannotated feature matching,face inherent limitations due to the ever-evolving nature and diverse landscape of web applications.In response to these challenges,this work proposes an innovative web application fingerprint recognition method founded on clustering techniques.The method involves extensive data collection from the Tranco List,employing adjusted feature selection built upon Wappalyzer and noise reduction through truncated SVD dimensionality reduction.The core of the methodology lies in the application of the unsupervised OPTICS clustering algorithm,eliminating the need for preannotated labels.By transforming web applications into feature vectors and leveraging clustering algorithms,our approach accurately categorizes diverse web applications,providing comprehensive and precise fingerprint recognition.The experimental results,which are obtained on a dataset featuring various web application types,affirm the efficacy of the method,demonstrating its ability to achieve high accuracy and broad coverage.This novel approach not only distinguishes between different web application types effectively but also demonstrates superiority in terms of classification accuracy and coverage,offering a robust solution to the challenges of web application fingerprint recognition.

A Machine Learning-Based Web Application for Heart Disease Prediction

This work leveraged predictive modeling techniques in machine learning (ML) to predict heart disease using a dataset sourced from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the US. The dataset was preprocessed and used to train five machine learning models: random forest, support vector machine, logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting and light gradient boosting. The goal was to use the best performing model to develop a web application capable of reliably predicting heart disease based on user-provided data. The extreme gradient boosting classifier provided the most reliable results with precision, recall and F1-score of 97%, 72%, and 83% respectively for Class 0 (no heart disease) and 21% (precision), 81% (recall) and 34% (F1-score) for Class 1 (heart disease). The model was further deployed as a web application.

Exploring the Application Effect of Flipped Classroom Combined with Problem-Based Learning Teaching Method in Clinical Skills Teaching of Standardized Training for Resident Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method in clinical skills teaching of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods: The study used the experimental control method. The study lasted from September to November 2022. The subjects of this study were 49 students of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine from grades 2020, 2021 and 2022 of Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital. They were randomly divided into experiment group (25) and control group (24). The experiment group adopted flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method, and the control group adopted traditional teaching method. The teaching content was 4 basic clinical skill projects, including four diagnoses of traditional Chinese Medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dressing change procedure, acupuncture and massage. The evaluation method was carried out by comparing the students’ performance and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ evaluation of the teaching method. Results: The test scores of total scores in the experimental group (90.12 ± 5.89) were all higher than those in the control group (81.47 ± 7.96) (t = 4.53, P P Conclusions: The teaching process of the flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method is conducive to improving the efficiency of classroom teaching, cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and enhancing students’ willingness to learn.

Problem-based Learning Combining Seminar Teaching Method for the Practice of Mathematical Modeling Course's Teaching Reform for Computer Discipline

Mathematical modeling course has been one of the fast development courses in China since 1992,which mainly trains students’innovation ability.However,the teaching of mathematical modeling course is quite difficult since it requires students to have a strong mathematical foundation,good ability to design algorithms,and programming skills.Besides,limited class hours and lack of interest in learning are the other reasons.To address these problems,according to the outcome-based education,we adopt the problem-based learning combined with a seminar mode in teaching.We customize cases related to computer and software engineering,start from simple problems in daily life,step by step deepen the difficulty,and finally refer to the professional application in computer and software engineering.Also,we focus on ability training rather than mathematical theory or programming language learning.Initially,we prepare the problem,related mathematic theory,and core code for students.Furtherly,we train them how to find the problem,and how to search the related mathematic theory and software tools by references for modeling and analysis.Moreover,we solve the problem of limited class hours by constructing an online resource learning library.After a semester of practical teaching,it has been shown that the interest and learning effectiveness of students have been increased and our reform plan has achieved good results.

Study of Problem-Based Learning in English Grammar Teaching

This thesis took students from Grade one of Xuancheng No.3 Middle High School as the research objects,mainly employing the classroom observation,the questionnaire,and test to investigate the effect of problem-based learning method in English grammar teaching.The findings are as follows:(a)the scores of students in the experimental class obviously improved;and(b)compared with the traditional teaching method,the application of problem-based learning method in grammar teaching can stimulate students’interest in learning.To sum up,this method can improve students’English competence and learning interest significantly,which suggests it can be applied in grammar teaching.

Problem-Based Learning(PBL)Teaching Design in Enhancing College Students’Innovation Ability:Taking the Traditional Dress Design Course as An Example

This paper combines the cultivation of innovation ability with the content of problem-based learning(PBL),analyzes the current situation of the traditional dress design course,discusses the problems existing in the cultivation of innovation ability of college and university traditional dress design,and searches for the strategies to improve students’innovation ability based on PBL.This paper argues that PBL can provide assistance to the teaching design of traditional dress design courses,which is conducive to improving students’innovation ability in traditional dress design and realizing the desired teaching effect.

Application of Microteaching Combined with Problem-Based Learning(PBL)Teaching Model in Teaching Clinical Nursing Interns in Otorhinolaryngology Department

Objective:To explore the application effect of microteaching combined with problem-based learning(PBL)teaching mode in teaching clinical nursing interns in otorhinolaryngology department.Methods:A total of 72 nursing students who interned in our hospital from June 2022 to February 2023 were selected,and all of them were comprehensively trained in basic theoretical knowledge as well as practical skills before the beginning of their learning tasks.The students were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group,with 36 students in each group.The control group was taught using the traditional clinical nursing teaching mode,and the experimental group was taught using microteaching combined with the PBL teaching mode,subsequently comparing the differences between the two groups of interns in the degree of mastery of theoretical knowledge,hands-on skills,teamwork ability,patient satisfaction,and other aspects.Results:In terms of mastery of theoretical knowledge,the interns in the experimental group(97.22%)were significantly better than that of the control group(75.00%)(P<0.05);the interns in the experimental group had significantly better practical skills(77.78%)than that of the control group(55.56%)(P<0.05);the interns in the experimental group had significantly better teamwork ability than the control group(P<0.05);through the questionnaire survey,it was found that students’satisfaction with teaching in the experimental group(97.22%)was also significantly higher than that in the control group(75.00%)(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of microteaching combined with PBL teaching mode in the teaching of clinical nursing interns in otorhinolaryngology department achieved significant results.It can not only improve the professional knowledge and application ability of nursing students,but also cultivate their independent thinking,problem-solving skill,as well as teamwork ability.It can also improve the teaching quality and patient satisfaction,and contribute positively to the development of medical education.

Detection and defending the XSS attack using novel hybrid stacking ensemble learning-based DNN approach

Existing web-based security applications have failed in many situations due to the great intelligence of attackers.Among web applications,Cross-Site Scripting(XSS)is one of the dangerous assaults experienced while modifying an organization's or user's information.To avoid these security challenges,this article proposes a novel,all-encompassing combination of machine learning(NB,SVM,k-NN)and deep learning(RNN,CNN,LSTM)frameworks for detecting and defending against XSS attacks with high accuracy and efficiency.Based on the representation,a novel idea for merging stacking ensemble with web applications,termed“hybrid stacking”,is proposed.In order to implement the aforementioned methods,four distinct datasets,each of which contains both safe and unsafe content,are considered.The hybrid detection method can adaptively identify the attacks from the URL,and the defense mechanism inherits the advantages of URL encoding with dictionary-based mapping to improve prediction accuracy,accelerate the training process,and effectively remove the unsafe JScript/JavaScript keywords from the URL.The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid model is more efficient than the existing detection methods.It produces more than 99.5%accurate XSS attack classification results(accuracy,precision,recall,f1_score,and Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC))and is highly resistant to XSS attacks.In order to ensure the security of the server's information,the proposed hybrid approach is demonstrated in a real-time environment.

Bayesian Deep Learning Enabled Sentiment Analysis on Web Intelligence Applications

In recent times,web intelligence(WI)has become a hot research topic,which utilizes Artificial Intelligence(AI)and advanced information technologies on theWeb and Internet.The users post reviews on social media and are employed for sentiment analysis(SA),which acts as feedback to business people and government.Proper SA on the reviews helps to enhance the quality of the services and products,however,web intelligence techniques are needed to raise the company profit and user fulfillment.With this motivation,this article introduces a new modified pigeon inspired optimization based feature selection(MPIO-FS)with Bayesian deep learning(BDL),named MPIOBDL model for SA on WI applications.The presented MPIO-BDL model initially involved preprocessing and feature extraction take place using Term Frequency—Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF)technique to derive a useful set of information from the user reviews.Besides,the MPIO-FS model is applied for the selection of optimal feature subsets,which helps to enhance classification accuracy and reduce computation complexity.Moreover,the BDL model is employed to allocate the proper class labels of the applied user review data.A comprehensive experimental results analysis highlighted the improved classification efficiency of the presented model.

Investigation of nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes about problem-based learning

Purpose:To investigate nursing students’knowledge of and attitudes about problem-based learning(PBL).Methods:A total of 1200 students were surveyed at eight nursing colleges in Hunan Province.Results:In all,1037 valid questionnaires were returned,for an effective return rate of 86.4%.Some 54.4%of the students learned that PBL was a pedagogical method from teachers,and 27.8%of the students had participated in PBL courses.Almost all of students(97.6%)were interested in PBL,and 66.7%of survey participants believed that students who were not good at solving problems would have difficulty in PBL courses.Conclusion:Nursing educators should guide students to adapt to new learning approaches,and encourage students to participate in the teaching reform to promote students’autonomous learning ability,innovation ability,and comprehensive ability.

Integrating a flipped classroom and problem-based learning into ophthalmology education

Background: Ophthalmology is an important medical science subject, but it is given with insufficient attention in undergraduate medical education. Flipped classroom(FC) and problem-based learning(PBL) are well-known education methods that can be integrated into ophthalmology education to improve students' competence level and promote active learning. Methods: We used a mixed teaching methodology that integrated a FC and PBL into a 1-week ophthalmology clerkship for 72 fourth-year medical students. The course includes two major sessions: FC session and PBL session, relying on clinical and real-patient cases. Written examinations were set up to assess students' academic performance and questionnaires were designed to evaluate their perceptions. Results: The post-course examination results were higher than the pre-course results, and many students gained ophthalmic knowledge and learning skills to varying levels. Comparison of pre-and post-course questionnaires indicated that interests in ophthalmology increased and more students expressed desires to be eye doctors. Most students were satisfied with the new method, while some suggested the process should be slower and the communication with their teacher needed to strengthen.Conclusions: FC and PBL are complementary methodologies. Utilizing the mixed teaching meth of FC and PBL was successful in enhancing academic performance, student satisfactions and promoting active learning.

Problem-Based Learning of Drug Use and Abuse during COVID-19 Contingency

Introduction: Nursing students’ experiences during the pandemic provoked social isolation, the way to learn and every context increasing their stress and anxiety leading to drug use and abuse, among others. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogic strategy to strengthen significant learning;then the objective was to establish PBL influence in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during COVID-19 contingency. Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological and descriptive paradigm, 12 female and male nursing students aged 20 - 24 years old from the 5th and 6th semesters participated. Information collection was through semi-structured interview and a deep one in four cases. A guide of questions about: How the pandemic impacted your life? How did you face it? And what did you learn during this process? Those questions were used. Qualitative data analysis was based on De Souza Minayo, and signed informed consent was obtained from participants. Results: Students’ experiences allowed four categories to emerge, with six sub-categories. Category I. Students’ experiences on drug use and abuse facing the sanitary contingency;Category II. Students’ skills development to identify a problem and design of appropriate solutions;Category III. Developing skills to favor interpersonal relationships;Category IV. Influence of PBL in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency. Conclusion: PBL favored analysis and thoughts in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency, they worked collaboratively, developed resilience to daily life situations, and implemented stress coping strategies with their significant learning, which diminished their risk behavior.

The effects of the application of WeChat as a platform combined with problem-based learning in nursing teaching in China:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Recently,WeChat application has been widely applied in the field of nursing education in China.Among them,WeChat as a platform combined with problem-based learning(PBL)teaching method is a commonly used method in nursing teaching,however,no unanimous consensus on the effectiveness of the application of nursing teaching.Purpose:The purpose of this meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of WeChat as a platform combined with PBL teaching method in nursing teaching for Chinese nursing students from four aspects:nursing students'performance,ability,learning interest and teaching satisfaction.Methods:The following English and Chinese databases were searched for relevant articles:PubMed,Embase,Cochrane library,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),WanFang Database,VIP Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM).The search timeframe was set fromthe establishment of these databaseto August 2021.Two reviewers separately screened records,abstracted data,and assessed risk of bias in trials included.Review Manager Software 5.3 was used to analyze data.Results:A total of 11 randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included.The results of this meta-analysis showed that WeChat combined with PBL teaching method can significantly improve theory examination(SMD=2.50,95%CI:1.69 to 3.30,P<0.001),operation skill(SMD=2.32,95%CI:1.47 to 3.18,P<0.001),comprehensive ability(SMD=3.18,95%CI:1.59 to 4.76,P<0.001),and learning interest(SMD=3.08,95%CI:1.44 to 4.72,P<0.001)in Chinese nursing students,and increase nursing students on teachers'teaching satisfaction(SMD=2.64,95%CI:0.39 to 4.89,P<0.001).Conclusion:WeChat combined with PBL teaching method can significantly enhance Chinese nursing students'knowledge mastery and application,improve their comprehensive ability and learning interest,and improve classroom teaching effect.College nursing educators should consider adopting WeChat combined with PBL teaching method in nursing education to fully demonstrate its application value.

The Use of PBL （Problem-Based Learning） in Improving the Student Performance in Navigation 3 （Terrestrial and Coastal Navigation）

This quasi-experimental study aimed at looking into the effectiveness of PBL （problem-based learning） in improving the performance in Navigation 3 （terrestrial and coastal navigation） of BSMT （Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation） second year students at JBLFMU-Arevalo during the first semester of school year 2016-2017. The respondents of this research were the two sections comparable with each other who was enrolled in the subject Navigation 3. There were 60 student respondents composed of 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. A validated three item teacher-made problem solving test with 10 points for each correct answer was used as an instrument. The dependent variable was the scores in Navigation 3 and independent variable was the PBL approach. The statistical tools used were mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon-Signed ranks test set at 0.05 level of significance. The effect size was computed to determine the effectiveness of the PBL approach in terms of students＇ performance in Navigation 3. Results showed that in the pretest, though the experimental group had a higher mean than the control group, the Mann-Whitney test showed that the mean scores of the two groups were comparable because the significant value was greater than 0.05. When the treatment was introduced, findings showed that there were significant differences in the Navigation 3 performance in the pretest and posttest of experimental and control groups as well as in the posttests of both groups. It could be inferred that the better performance of the experimental group could be attributed to the intervention where the students were actively involved in the learning process.

Proposing Effective Problem-Based Learning(PBL)Problems by Reimplementing Open-Source Projects

Recently,Problem-Based Learning(PBL)has been regarded as a possible way towards effective educational changes in Chinese universities.However,problems have been exposed in the adoption of PBL,such as choosing effective PBL problems.The purpose of this paper is to provide a possible solution to the formulation of PBL problems for computer science courses,which is to reimplement open-source projects(ROSP).A case is demonstrated by showing how ROSP was adopted in a practical intercourse-level PBL course module.This paper contributes to a new PBL problem formulation method for promoting PBL in a practical way for Chinese universities.

The problem-based learning integrated with simulation to improve nursing students’ self-efficacy

Introduction: The purposes of this study were to describe the simulation integrated with problem-based learning (SIM-PBL) module to educate the nursing process for clients with hypertension and to evaluate its effectiveness on nursing students’ self-efficacy (SE). Methods: This study was a one group pre- and post-test design. Twenty five students received a 5-hour SIM-PBL program focused on nursing care of clients with hypertension. A newly developed self-report questionnaire was used to assess SE in four areas of the nursing process with a scale of 0 (not at all confident) to 10 (totally confident). The four areas were subjective data assessment, physical examination, prioritizing nursing care and health promotion advices. Results: At baseline, students’ SE ranged from 5.5 ± 1.4 (prioritizing nursing care) to 7.6 ± 1.4 (subjective data assessment). After SIM-PBL education, all areas of nursing process presented statistically significant improvements of SE. The improvements were most noticeable in prioritizing nursing care. Conclusion: The SIM-PBL module was effective in improving the students’ self-efficacy in the nursing process for patients with hypertension. Further studies are recommended in developing SIM-PBL modules for diverse nursing topics and evaluating their effectiveness in various aspects of students’ competency.

Rational cognition on Problem-based Learning in English curriculu

Problem-based Learning has been implemented in schools in China for nearly ten years, but there are still some problems in its implementation, especially in English Problem-based Learning, its management and the requirements of English teachers. This paper puts forward rational cognition on these problems.