Dynamic Response Impact of Vehicle Braking on Simply Supported Beam Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs Based on Vehicle-Bridge Coupled Vibration Analysis

A novel approach for analyzing coupled vibrations between vehicles and bridges is presented,taking into account spatiotemporal effects and mechanical phenomena resulting fromvehicle braking.Efficient modeling and solution of bridge vibrations induced by vehicle deceleration are realized using this method.The method’s validity and reliability are substantiated through numerical examples.A simply supported beam bridge with a corrugated steel web is taken as an example and the effects of parameters such as the initial vehicle speed,braking acceleration,braking location,and road surface roughness on the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge are analyzed.The results show that vehicle braking significantly amplifies mid-span displacement and impact factor responses in comparison to uniform vehicular motion across the bridge.Notably,the influence of wheelto-bridge friction forces is of particular significance and cannot be overlooked.When the vehicle initiates braking near the middle of the span,both the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge exhibit substantial increases,further escalating with higher braking acceleration.Under favorable road surface conditions,the midspan displacement and the impact factor during vehicle braking may exceed the design values stipulated by codes.It is important to note that road surface roughness exerts a more pronounced effect on the impact factor of the bridge in comparison to the effects of vehicle braking.

Process Monitoring and Terminal Verification of Cable-Stayed Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs under Contruction

In this paper,the construction process of a cable-stayed bridge with corrugated steel webs was monitored.Moreover,the end performance of the bridge was verified by load test.Owing to the consideration of the bridge structure safety,it is necessary to monitor the main girder deflection,stress,construction error and safety state during construction.Furthermore,to verify whether the bridge can meet the design requirements,the static and dynamic load tests are carried out after the completion of the bridge.The results of construction monitoring show that the stress state of the structure during construction is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation and design requirements,and both meet the design and specification requirements.The final measured stress state of the structure is within the allowable range of the cable-stayed bridge,and the stress state of the structure is normal and meets the specification requirements.The results of load tests show that the measured deflection values of the mid-span section of the main girder are less than the theoretical calculation values.The maximum deflection of the girder is−20.90 mm,which is less than−22.00 mm of the theoretical value,indicating that the girder has sufficient structural stiffness.The maximum impact coefficient under dynamic load test is 1.08,which is greater than 1.05 of theoretical value,indicating that the impact effect of heavy-duty truck on this type of bridge is larger.This study can provide important reference value for construction and maintenance of similar corrugated steel web cable-stayed bridges.

Temperature Stress Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder with Corrugated Steel Webs

To figure out the distribution of temperature gradient along the girder height of steel-concrete composite box girder, combined with the mechanical characteristics of prestressed concrete composed box girder with corrugated steel webs, the calculation formulas of cross-sectional temperature stress along the span in a simply-supported beam bridge with composite section were derived under the conditions of static equilibrium and deformation compatibility of the beam element. The methods of calculating the maximum temperature stress value were discussed when the connectors are assumed rigid or flexible. Theoretical and numerical results indicate that the method proposed shows better precision for the calculation of temperature self-stress in both the top and the bottom surfaces of the box girder. Moreover, the regularity of temperature stress distribution at different locations along the girder span is that the largest axial force of the top or the bottom plate of the box girder is located in the midspan and spreads decreasingly until zero at both supported ends, and that the greatest longitudinal shear density in steel-concrete interface appears at both supported ends and then reduces gradually to zero in the midspan.

Finite Element Modelling of Steel Beams with Web Openings

Height limitations are not uncommon in multi-storey buildings due to economic requirements and esthetical considerations. Substantial spaces are normally required to enable the passage of large pipes and ducts beneath steel beams leading to uneconomic floor heights. The most adopted solution for this issue is the use of steel beam web openings to provide the required space for services. These openings could lead to a significant decrease of the beam load carrying capacity depending on the adopted openings shape, size and location. These aspects motivated the present study based on FE simulations calibrated against numerical and test results. The results accuracy enabled a comprehensive parametric analysis of beams with web openings to be made focused on the profile size, web opening location, among others. The study also investigated the efficiency of longitudinal stiffeners welded at the opening region and benefits of using an adequate edge concordance radius in beams with rectangular and square openings. The obtained results showed the need of using welded longitudinal stiffeners in order to increase the beams ultimate load carrying capacity. This adoption can double or even triple the ultimate load of beams with rectangular and square opening heights equal to 0.75 H, respectively.

Static and Dynamic Analysis Web Opening of Steel Beams

According to the purpose of the opening and the structural designer, the shape of the web opening is decided. It is too easy to choose the shape of openings from regular shape whether it is circular or rectangular shape. The presence of openings in the web of steel beams decreases stiffness of the beam and introducing a larger deflection than in the steel web opening with solid opening. A steel beam with web opening is analyzed in this paper. ABAQUS software is using for analyzing nonlinear static and dynamic opening of steel beam with different position and supporting conditions.

Behavior of galvanized steel tube subjected to web crippling

The details of a research study of galvanized steel tube under web crippling were presented. A total of 48 galvanized steel square hollow sections with different boundary conditions, loading conditions, bearing lengths and web slenderness were tested. The experimental scheme, failure modes, load-displacement curves and strain intensity distribution curves were also presented. The investigation was focused on the effects of loading condition, bearing length and slenderness on web crippling ultimate capacity, initial compressive stiffness and ductility of galvanized steel tube. The results show that web crippling ultimate capacity increases linearly with the increase of the bearing length under EOF and IOF loading condition. In the end-flange and ITF loading conditions, strain intensity of the centerline of web reaches the peak and decreases progressively from central web to flanges. Finite element models were developed to numerically simulate the tests in terms of failure modes and ultimate capacity. Web crippling strength of galvanized steel tube increases linearly with the increase of the ratio of the bearing length to web thickness and decrease of web slenderness. The effect of ratio of galvanized layer thickness to web thickness on web crippling strength is small. Based on the results of the parametric study, a number of calculation formulas proposed in this work can be successfully employed as a design rule for predicting web crippling ultimate capacity of galvanized steel tube under four loading and boundary conditions.

波形钢腹板梁焊接残余应力分布及试验验证

为研究波形钢腹板梁焊接残余应力的分布规律,通过有限元软件建立其三维热弹塑性模型,利用热-力耦合分析技术对其焊接温度场和应力场进行有限元数值仿真,采用双椭球体热源和修改单元材料属性的方法实现能量输入和焊缝填充,并将模拟计算结果与实测值进行对比分析.结果表明:有限元预测的波形钢腹板梁残余应力分布与实测结果具有相同趋势,在波形钢腹板梁焊缝的弯折角处,残余应力发生一定幅度的连续应力波动;底板和腹板的残余应力峰值均出现在焊缝中心区域,其值分别为材料屈服强度的1.30倍和1.26倍;底板纵向残余拉应力在焊缝中心线两侧78 mm范围内急速下降后缓慢过渡为压应力,在底板较窄一侧压应力线性增大,最大值约为材料屈服强度的0.61倍;在底板较宽一侧压应力线性减小,并在边缘处转化为拉应力;焊接速度对残余应力分布扰动不大,而对残余应力峰值影响较显著;当焊接速度从150 mm/min增加至250 mm/min时,横向和纵向的残余应力最大值分别增加了27.11%和5.88%.

波形钢腹板工字梁的等效计算模型及稳定性分析

基于变形与应变能相等的原则,提出波形钢腹板工字梁的等效平直钢腹板计算模型。通过波形钢腹板直板段与斜板段应变分析,推导了波形钢腹板工字梁及等效计算模型的应变能,建立等效惯性矩与等效扇性惯性矩,利用平直钢腹板工字梁的临界荷载计算公式,对波形钢腹板工字梁进行稳定性分析。研究结果表明:该方法简单、便捷,对波形钢腹板工字梁的稳定分析准确、有效;建立的等效惯性矩与翘曲惯性矩仅取决于截面及波形钢板尺寸,不受工字梁的边界条件、跨径等因素的影响,具有良好的适应性。

单箱双室变截面波形钢腹板组合梁剪应力分析

为了研究单箱双室变截面波形钢腹板组合箱梁(CBBCSW)的剪应力分布规律,分析了单箱双室变截面CBBCSW的顶底板与波形钢腹板(CSW)的承剪问题。基于微元体平衡和切应力互等定理推导了变截面CSW的剪应力计算公式,并与等截面CSW剪应力计算公式进行了对比。对各项剪应力的性质展开了研究,针对变截面CBBCSW的顶底板和参与承剪机理进行了分析,提出了底板承剪比例计算公式。以室内模型试验梁和一座单箱双室变截面CBBCSW为例,采用ANSYS有限元软件分别建立了试验梁与实桥的有限元模型,研究了不同约束体系下,剪应力在CSW上的分布以及顶底板与CSW参与承剪的规律。对比不同荷载情况下,有限元计算结果与理论公式计算结果的差异,分析不同荷载工况对顶底板与CSW参与承剪的影响。此外,分析了横隔板对单箱多室CBBCSW剪力分配的影响。研究结果表明:所提公式的理论结果与试验实测结果和有限元结果吻合较好,且底板参与承剪的比例不可忽视;变截面引起的“附加剪应力”是影响剪力传递的直接原因,弯矩的大小会直接影响底板参与承剪的比例;对称荷载下中腹板与边腹板的剪力分布几乎相同,而横隔板会改变CSW上剪力分配,靠近横隔板处的部位剪应力分布更均匀。研究结果可以为实际工程中变截面CSW的剪应力和承剪比的分析提供参考依据。

新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥动力性能分析

对一种新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥结构开展了动力特性及抗震性能分析;以鄄城黄河大桥跨中箱梁段为例,建立组合箱梁桥的多尺度有限元模型,并与实测值进行了对比,验证了多尺度模型的有效性;基于此设计了该新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁的截面参数,采用多尺度建模方法研究了各参数变化对箱梁动力特性的影响规律,通过地震反应谱法分析了该结构在各向地震作用下的结构响应。结果表明:箱梁横隔板的数量和厚度是结构动力特性的敏感参数,对结构的扭转刚度影响很大;增大波形钢腹板厚度可有效提高结构刚度,且刚度增大对频率的影响程度大于质量增大对频率的影响,建议腹板厚度宜设为20~30 mm;槽形钢板可有效提高截面的抗弯刚度,尤其对结构竖向弯曲模态影响较大;横向地震作用对混凝土顶板和横隔板应力的影响最大,纵向地震力对波形钢腹板应力的影响最大,竖向地震力对混凝土底板和槽形钢板的应力影响较大。

波形钢腹板梁T形接头焊接仿真分析与试验研究

为了解决波形钢腹板梁焊接温度场和残余应力分布尚不明确的问题,本文基于Simufact Welding软件建立三维有限元模型,对其T形接头的焊接温度场和残余应力进行了预测,并对模拟结果进行了试验验证。波形钢腹板梁的焊接温度场分布与熔池中心距离有关,距离熔池中心越近,温度梯度越大;焊接残余应力以纵向残余拉应力为主,而横向残余应力的应力水平相对较低,拉压应力共存;焊接速度和底板厚度的改变只会影响残余应力的峰值大小,不会影响残余应力的分布规律。结果表明:数值模拟结果和试验实测值吻合良好,数值模拟可靠。

螺栓连接波纹腹板钢梁疲劳性能试验与分析

对2根螺栓连接波纹腹板钢梁试件进行疲劳试验研究,获得了钢梁试件的疲劳性能指标以及失效破坏形态,分析了钢梁截面的应力分布以及循环荷载作用下的应力和刚度变化。汇总现有的焊接波纹腹板钢梁疲劳试验结果,比较分析了焊接钢梁与螺栓连接钢梁的疲劳寿命差异。采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了螺栓连接波纹腹板钢梁的精细数值模型,根据疲劳试验结果验证了数值模型的准确性。利用经验证的数值模型,对疲劳破坏位置附近的应力分布进行有限元分析,结果表明螺栓孔边应力集中是疲劳裂纹萌生和引发疲劳破坏的主要原因。基于有限元分析结果,利用FE-Safe软件对螺栓连接波纹腹板钢梁试件的疲劳寿命进行分析,计算得到的疲劳寿命和疲劳破坏位置与试验结果吻合良好。

异型坯腹板裂纹产生原因与控制

型钢腹板表面裂纹是型钢的主要缺陷之一,为提高轧制成材率,对裂纹产生机理展开研究,通过优化冷却制度、改进结晶器足辊润滑方式,铸坯裂纹大幅减少,H型钢腹板表面质量合格率显著提高。

基于Matlab Web Server的品种钢建模与优化分析软件

讨论了基于B/S模式的Matlab Web Server的网络应用开发原理,介绍了Matlab Web程序处理的一般流程和相关文件的详细配置方法,通过输入模块从HTML页面获取输入参数和通过输出模块生成包括输出数据和图片的HTML文件。最后利用MAT-LAB Web Server在湖南湘钢高线制造部开发出了基于B/S模式的品种钢建模与优化系统分析软件,使局域网里的用户通过网络,利用该系统可以对品种钢进行建模与优化,并借助于MATLAB强大的计算与图形展示功能,以图文并貌的方式返回到客户面前。

横州飞龙大桥主桥设计

横州飞龙大桥主桥为(100+2×185+100)m波形钢腹板连续刚构桥,主梁为单箱单室波形钢腹板组合箱梁,桥面宽13 m,中支点梁高10.9 m,跨中及边跨梁端梁高4 m。腹板采用1800型波形钢腹板,相比传统1600型腹板具有更高的整体屈曲应力;波形钢腹板防屈曲构造采用内衬混凝土和纵、横向加劲肋混合布置的方式,减少了内衬混凝土长度,减轻了结构自重;波形钢腹板与顶板采用长孔型开孔板连接件,与底板采用外包型连接,提高了结合部施工便捷性和耐久性。主梁采用波形钢腹板悬臂自承重施工工法,先边跨后中跨合龙,采用研发的钢架吊篮与智能吊机组合的挂篮形式,提高了施工效率。

波形钢腹板组合板梁桥负弯矩区抗弯性能研究

针对波形钢腹板组合板梁桥,为研究负弯矩区关键设计参数和极限抗弯承载能力计算方法,以某三跨波形钢腹板组合板梁桥为背景,采用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,探讨波形钢腹板组合板梁桥负弯矩区的受力性能,基于参数敏感性分析明确了负弯矩区钢梁设计参数的合理取值范围,揭示了波形钢腹板组合板梁桥负弯矩区抗弯特性,提出适用于波形钢腹板组合板梁桥的负弯矩区抗弯计算方法。结果表明:支点波形钢腹板厚度由抗剪及屈曲强度控制,负弯矩区受压下翼缘板宽厚比不宜大于28,波形钢腹板抗弯贡献仅约5.7%,实际工程中负弯矩区抗弯承载力计算可忽略波形钢腹板影响。

考虑波形腹板剪切的端部固支组合梁挠度分析

波形钢腹板组合梁因其优良性能得到广泛应用,其挠度问题是研究的重点之一,近年来我国对波形钢腹板组合梁挠度计算方法的研究虽有长足的进步,但多集中于静定结构,并且端部固支的超静定结构体系在桥梁工程中应用广泛。为了探讨不同支承下波形钢腹板组合梁滑移附加挠度变化的规律,并为波形钢腹板组合梁的后续研究提供理论基础和参考,在足够刚度的前提下将端部固支波形钢腹板梁简化为两端固支和一端固支一端活动铰支的端部约束条件,推导了其考虑滑移和腹板剪切变形影响时的跨中挠度计算公式,找到适用于实际桥型的挠度计算方法;基于试验梁和有限元模型对本文公式进行了验证,结果表明:端部固支波形钢腹板组合梁的滑移附加挠度占比随剪切刚度的变化趋势显著区别于一端固定铰支一端活动铰支的抛物线型而呈线性变化;不对称约束放大了波形钢腹板组合梁腹板的剪切变形和滑移效应。

新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁畸变效应

为研究新型波形钢腹板(CSW)组合箱梁的畸变效应,以板梁框架法和位移法为基础,建立单箱多室新型CSW组合箱梁的畸变控制微分方程和边界条件,得到畸变正应力解析解,并采用有限元法检验推导结果的正确性。应用推导结果对比分析新型CSW组合箱梁与传统CSW组合箱梁的畸变性能,以及截面高度、箱室宽度和钢底板厚度对新型CSW组合箱梁畸变效应的影响。结果表明:解析解计算得到的畸变正应力与有限元模型计算的结果吻合较好,畸变角的变化规律与有限元模型计算结果一致;与传统CSW组合箱梁相比,新型CSW组合箱梁的畸变翘曲刚度减小了38.89%,畸变框架刚度减小了71.84%,抗畸变能力减弱;随着截面高度和箱室宽度增加,新型CSW组合箱梁跨中畸变角和跨中畸变双力矩均逐渐增大,且箱室宽度的影响更为明显;随着钢底板厚度增加,新型CSW组合箱梁跨中畸变角逐渐减小,跨中畸变双力矩逐渐增大。

考虑温度和剪切变形的改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁动力特性研究

为了精确分析温度效应和剪切变形效应对改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁自振特性的影响,提出一种考虑温度效应和剪切变形效应的改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁自振特性分析方法。综合考虑温度、剪切变形和波形钢腹板刚度修正的影响,运用应力等效原则推导出改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁的自振频率解析公式;利用实桥ANSYS有限元分析结果和试验实测结果对自振频率解析公式的正确性进行了验证;分析了温度等效轴向偏心力变化、弹性模量变化、剪切变形效应、不同高跨比和不同宽跨比下温度效应对该桥型自振频率的影响。结果表明:温度效应对改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁的基频影响较大,计算该桥型的基频时需要考虑温度效应的影响;波形钢腹板的剪切变形效应对该桥型自振频率的影响较为显著,从第4阶自振频率开始剪切变形的影响已超过50%;不同高跨比下温度效应对基频的影响较大,且随着高跨比的增大呈线性急剧增大;不同宽跨比下温度效应对自振频率的影响较小,可以忽略不计。研究成果可为改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁的自振频率计算和分析提供参考依据。