A Survey into Teachers＇ Roles in Web-based College English Autonomous Learning

The paper, with the backdrop of web-based autonomous learning put forward by the recent college English teaching reform, aims to explore teachers＇ roles in this learning process in students＇ perception through the means of questionnaires and interviews. It further analyzes the possible reasons why students perceive their teachers＇ roles in such a way, in the hope of providing some implications for web-based college English autonomous learning.

Incorporation of Learning Strategies into Web-based Autonomous Listening

The thesis introduces a comparative study of students'autonomous listening practice in a web-based autonomous learning center and the traditional teacher-dominated listening practice in a traditional language lab.The purpose of the study is to find how students'listening strategies differ in these two approaches and thereby to find which one better facilitates students'listening proficiency.

A Review of the Effectiveness of Web-based Course with College English Learners' Autonomous Learning

The paper is a literature review, aiming to examine the effectiveness of web-based college English learning which mainly focuses on learners' autonomous learning. Previous studies indicate that the web-based learning can improve learners' autonomous learning, as well as some problems found in their findings. Therefore, this paper first gives a summary and critique of research studies on the web-based autonomous learning and some factors influencing learners' autonomous learning ability;then, areas that deserve further study are also indicated.

On Cognitive Style in English Web-based Autonomous Learning

Since Henry Holec first put forward the term‘Autonomy'in 1980's, autonomous learning has been drawing the universal attention of scholars both at home and abroad. Promoting learners' ability of self-regulated learning has been taken as one of the important goals of modern education. College English autonomous learning based on network environment does not mean free study without any restraints or monitoring, but rather involves the self-monitoring and external monitoring. Meanwhile, different learners may have different cognitive styles in their learning processes, which may have an influence on the improvement of the learners' efficiency in the autonomous language learning. Proper monitoring models coordinating with the students' different field cognitive styles.

An Investigation into the Web-Based Learning in Jiangsu Open University(JSOU)——A case Study of College English

College English is a compulsory course for all registered online learners in Jiangsu Open University and students have been practicing web-based learning instead of face-to-face classes ever since 2014.Questionnaires and interviews are adopted to look into the 4-year-long practice of web-based learning in College English in JSOU.By analyzing the data obtained from both teachers and students,the findings show:(1)web-based learning caters to online learners in that the online learning materials,particularly micro-lessons,are well-designed and easily accessible.(2)web-based learning helps teachers monitor the learning process of online learners and therefore assures the quality of online learning.(3)web-based learning enhances effective learning since students and teachers can communicate conveniently and instantly via online chat rooms and instant messaging software.

LoColms： an innovative approach of enhancing traditional classroom form of education by promoting web-based distance learning in the poorer countries

There have been numerous attempts recently to promote technology based education (Shrestha, 1997) in the poorer third world countries, but so far all these have not provided a sustainable solution as they are either centered and controlled from abroad and relying solely on foreign donors for their sustenance or they are not web-based, which make distribution problematic, and some are not affordable by most of the local population in these places. In this paper we discuss an application, the Local College Learning Management System (LoColms) , which we are developing, that is both sustainable and economical to suit the situation inthese countries. The application is a web-based system, and aims at improving the traditional form of education by empowering the local universities. Its economicability comes from the fact that it is supported by traditional communication technology, the public switching telephone network system, PSTN, which eliminates the need for packet switched or dedicated private virtual networks (PVN) usually required in similar situations. At a later stage, we shall incorporate ontology and paging tools to improve resource sharability and storage optimization in the Proxy Caches (ProCa) and LoColms servers. The system is based on the client/server paradigm and its infrastructure consists of the PSTN, ProCa, with the learning centers accessing the universities by means of point-to-point protocol (PPP) .

Web-based learning in inflammatory bowel diseases:General truths and current specifics

In a field rapidly evolving over the past few years, the management of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is becoming in-creasingly complex, demanding and challenging. In the recent years, IBD quality measures aiming to improve patients' care have been developed, multiple new medical therapies have been approved, new treatment goals have been set with the "treat--to--target" concept and drug monitoring has been implemented into IBD clinical management. Moreover, patients are increasingly using Internet resources to obtain information about their health conditions. The healthcare professional with an interest in treating IBD patients should deal with all these challenges in everyday practice by establishing, enhancing and maintaining a strong core of knowledge and skills related to IBD. This is an ongoing process and traditionally these needs are covered with additional reading of textbook or journal articles, attendance at meetings or conferences, or at local rounds. Web--based learning resources expand the options for knowledge acquisition and save time and costs as well. In the new era of communications technology, web-based resources can cover the educational needs of both patients and healthcare professionals and can contribute to improvement of disease management and patient care. Healthcare professionals can individually visit and navigate regularly relevant websites and tailor choices for educational activities according to their existing needs. They can also provide their patients with a few certified suitable internet resources. In this review, we explored the Internet using PubMed and Startpage(Google), for web-based IBD--related educational resources aiming to provide a guide for those interested in obtaining certified knowledge in this subject.

Asynchronous and Synchronous Communication in College English Writing in Web-based Learning Environment

In web-based learning environment,College English writing has always been a thorny issue.Here both asynchronous and synchronous communications in college English writing mean the new interactive teaching belief. This paper attempts to do the blending of two in the traditional writing learning and teaching in college English in order to promote a more flexible,efficient and interactive learning environment in accordance with students' interests and needs.

Meta-cognitive Strategy Training and the Development of Learners＇ Autonomy in Language Learning

As the ultimate goal of education, autonomy in language learning has aroused a lot of attention from scholars at home and abroad. While in universities of China, students do not have strong autonomy in English language learning. The author tries to adopt specific meta-cognitive strategies to facilitate students＇ autonomy in learning by improving learners＇ capacities in study planning or management, monitoring and evaluating in learning to raise their consciousness and ability in autonomy, and lay a foundation for life-long learning.

An Analysis of Learner Autonomy and Learning Strateg ies in CALL Environment

In recent years,computer assisted language learning(CALL) increasingly attracts language learners’ attentions with evident advantages.This paper introduces the basic concepts concerning CALL,learner autonomy and learning strategies,and tentatively proposes suggestions for developing language learners’ strategies in CALL environment based on CALL situations in China.

Machine learning algorithms able to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

BACKGROUND Although immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have demonstrated significant survival benefits in some patients diagnosed with gastric cancer(GC),existing prognostic markers are not universally applicable to all patients with advanced GC.AIM To investigate biomarkers that predict prognosis in GC patients treated with ICIs and develop accurate predictive models.METHODS Data from 273 patients diagnosed with GC and distant metastasis,who un-derwent≥1 cycle(s)of ICIs therapy were included in this study.Patients were randomly divided into training and test sets at a ratio of 7:3.Training set data were used to develop the machine learning models,and the test set was used to validate their predictive ability.Shapley additive explanations were used to provide insights into the best model.RESULTS Among the 273 patients with GC treated with ICIs in this study,112 died within 1 year,and 129 progressed within the same timeframe.Five features related to overall survival and 4 related to progression-free survival were identified and used to construct eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),logistic regression,and decision tree.After comprehensive evaluation,XGBoost demonstrated good accuracy in predicting overall survival and progression-free survival.CONCLUSION The XGBoost model aided in identifying patients with GC who were more likely to benefit from ICIs therapy.Patient nutritional status may,to some extent,reflect prognosis.

How to Foster Learner Autonomy in English Teaching and Learning

Learner autonomy is a desirable goal in English teaching and learning. How to foster learner autonomy is of significance and of importance on pedagogy. The paper discusses the present problems in China, and then proposes four ways to promote learner autonomy.

Promoting language Learners＇ Autonomy in Cooperative Learning

Learner Autonomy （LA） is the desirable goal of the education. To date, many Learner Autonomy training programs have been carried out in foreign language teaching. Cooperative Learning （CL） is a language teaching and learning strategy which gets learners actively and cooperatively involved in learning a foreign language in groups. Both of them have been respectively advocated from pedagogical point of view and from the perspective of philosophy. However, being autonomous does not necessarily mean learning alone. Language learners should learn cooperatively and autonomously. It is the author＇s contention that CL is a good method to promote LA. CL has positive effects on both students＇ readiness and their ability to be more autonomous. CL enhances self-esteem and self-confidence, increases high motivation, encourages learners＇ responsibility for learning, enhances self-management skills, increases support for language learners to move from interdependence to independence. The paper stresses in the end that promoting LA is the teacher＇s long-term pedagogic goal.

Research on the Effective Path of Cultivating Students’Independent Learning Ability by Analyzing Blended Teaching

Blended teaching in colleges and universities can realize the effective cultivation of students’independent learning ability on the basis of respecting the students’subjective status and demonstrating the concept of human-centered teaching,and then drive the curriculum teaching to realize innovative changes.However,in the current environment,colleges and universities are still facing obstacles such as traditional teachers’concepts,insufficient students’motivation,irrational settings of online and offline teaching,and backward teaching evaluation system,which seriously affect the enhancement of students’independent learning ability.Therefore,colleges and universities should update the teaching concepts of teachers,improve the comprehensive quality of teachers,cultivate the interest of students in participating in blended teaching,and scientifically arrange the online and offline teaching and the integration of both sides in blended teaching to ensure the effective implementation of blended teaching.At the same time,we should pay attention to the innovation of the evaluation system of blended teaching,fully examine the cultivation effect of students’independent learning ability under the perspective of blended teaching,and provide assistance for improving students’independent learning ability.

A Study on the Relationship between Intrinsic Motivation and Learner Autonomy in English Learning of Non-English Major College Students

To provide scientific feedback and advice on improving the English autonomous learning ability of non-English majorsand in improving the quality of English for non-English majors, it is urgent to study the relationship between intrinsic motivationand learner autonomy. Based on the theory of intrinsic motivation and learner autonomy, a questionnaire survey is used to investi-gate non-English students at Northeast Agricultural University. The obtained data through SPSS analysis and case simulation showthat there is a positive correlation between intrinsic motivation and learner autonomy, which proves the necessity and feasibility ofconstructing autonomous learning factor model to improve the self-learning ability of contemporary non-English majors.

Learner Autonomy in Foreign Language Learning

The paper discusses learner autonomy and its importance in foreign language learning. While human beings are born with a tendency to autonomy, the traditional textbooks and teaching methods hold back the depth, speed and extent of the learn?ers. With it, learners may use this in-born tendency, plus the help from teachers and other learners, to improve the quality of for?eign language education.

A Review of Learner Autonomy in Language Learning

Learner autonomy,the ability of taking one's own learning in charge,plays an important role in language learning.The paper reviews the definition and the level of learner autonomy,the characteristics of autonomous learners,the application of learner autonomy in the classroom and out of the classroom and the relationship between learner autonomy and culture.In the paper,the development and the study of learner autonomy in China are also summarized.

The Students' Learning Autonomy and Language Teaching

As an essential concept of language teaching, learner autonomy (LA) is very important in language learning. Looking back to the history of foreign language teaching, we can find that people's different attitudes to learner autonomy have become a clue of modern foreign language teaching research.On the basis of foreign language teaching (FLT), this article aims to make clear three points: 1) what is learner autonomy? 2) What is the significance of cultivating students' learning autonomy in English language teaching in China? 3) And what can we do to cultivate students' learning autonomy? All the answers of these questions can be found in this article.

The Influence of the Learning Environment on Learner Autonomy： A Comparative Study of Polish and Yemeni EFL Undergraduate Learners

The goal of autonomous language learning is to create an atmosphere where learners take charge of their own learning. Creating this atmosphere encounters various challenges which are partially context-specific. Influenced by the learning environment, learnners of different educational contexts vary in their degree of autonomy. The present study examines the impact of the learning environment on learner autonomy at higher education. The study focuses on the differences between Polish and Yemeni EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners with respect to their autonomy in language learning. A questionnaire was distributed to a total of 140 （59 Polish and 81 Yemeni） undergraduate learners. The questionnaire was coded into seven categories： beliefs and attitudes, planning, management, self-regulation, sources and materials, in-class responsibility, and out-of-class responsibility. Data were analysed quantitatively via SPSS （Statistical Product and Service Solutions）. Independent Sample t-Test is used to investigate the differences between Polish and Yemein learners and Pearson Correlation is used to perform correlational analysis among the seven categories. The results show significant differences between Polish and Yemeni learners in some of the categories as well as a significant correlation among other categories

Learner Autonomy and Learning Strategies in EFL Learning

Autonomy is one of the goals of EFL teaching. And strategy training is an important approach to developing autonomy. This paper briefly reviews the theories and researches on learning strategies,including the definitions,classifications of the learning strategies,and how to prepare for and implement strategy training.