Regional Multi-Agent Cooperative Reinforcement Learning for City-Level Traffic Grid Signal Control

This article studies the effective traffic signal control problem of multiple intersections in a city-level traffic system.A novel regional multi-agent cooperative reinforcement learning algorithm called RegionSTLight is proposed to improve the traffic efficiency.Firstly a regional multi-agent Q-learning framework is proposed,which can equivalently decompose the global Q value of the traffic system into the local values of several regions Based on the framework and the idea of human-machine cooperation,a dynamic zoning method is designed to divide the traffic network into several strong-coupled regions according to realtime traffic flow densities.In order to achieve better cooperation inside each region,a lightweight spatio-temporal fusion feature extraction network is designed.The experiments in synthetic real-world and city-level scenarios show that the proposed RegionS TLight converges more quickly,is more stable,and obtains better asymptotic performance compared to state-of-theart models.

The Effectiveness of Group Cooperative Learning Method in Badminton Teaching in Colleges and Universities

In college badminton teaching,teachers utilize the group cooperative learning method,which not only helps to improve students’badminton skill level but also cultivates their teamwork spirit,communication skills,and self-management ability unconsciously.In view of this,this paper mainly describes the significance of applying the group cooperative learning method in college badminton teaching,analyzes the current problems in college badminton teaching,and aims to discover effective development strategies for group cooperative learning method in college badminton teaching in order to improve the effectiveness of college badminton teaching.

Application of Cooperative Learning and Flipped Classrooms in University Basketball Courses in China

This study investigates the application of the teaching model combining cooperative learning and flipped classrooms in university basketball courses in China.By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional basketball teaching model and students’satisfaction with the course,the necessity of implementing cooperative learning and flipped classrooms is proposed.The study planned in detail the implementation strategies before class,in the classroom,and after class,and compared them with the control group through an experimental design.The experimental results showed that the new teaching mode demonstrated significant advantages in terms of learning outcomes,student satisfaction,and teacher evaluation.This study provides a valuable reference for the future reform of the physical education curriculum.

Role Dynamic Allocation of Human-Robot Cooperation Based on Reinforcement Learning in an Installation of Curtain Wall

A real-time adaptive roles allocation method based on reinforcement learning is proposed to improve humanrobot cooperation performance for a curtain wall installation task.This method breaks the traditional idea that the robot is regarded as the follower or only adjusts the leader and the follower in cooperation.In this paper,a self-learning method is proposed which can dynamically adapt and continuously adjust the initiative weight of the robot according to the change of the task.Firstly,the physical human-robot cooperation model,including the role factor is built.Then,a reinforcement learningmodel that can adjust the role factor in real time is established,and a reward and actionmodel is designed.The role factor can be adjusted continuously according to the comprehensive performance of the human-robot interaction force and the robot’s Jerk during the repeated installation.Finally,the roles adjustment rule established above continuously improves the comprehensive performance.Experiments of the dynamic roles allocation and the effect of the performance weighting coefficient on the result have been verified.The results show that the proposed method can realize the role adaptation and achieve the dual optimization goal of reducing the sum of the cooperator force and the robot’s Jerk.

Cooperative multi-target hunting by unmanned surface vehicles based on multi-agent reinforcement learning

To solve the problem of multi-target hunting by an unmanned surface vehicle(USV)fleet,a hunting algorithm based on multi-agent reinforcement learning is proposed.Firstly,the hunting environment and kinematic model without boundary constraints are built,and the criteria for successful target capture are given.Then,the cooperative hunting problem of a USV fleet is modeled as a decentralized partially observable Markov decision process(Dec-POMDP),and a distributed partially observable multitarget hunting Proximal Policy Optimization(DPOMH-PPO)algorithm applicable to USVs is proposed.In addition,an observation model,a reward function and the action space applicable to multi-target hunting tasks are designed.To deal with the dynamic change of observational feature dimension input by partially observable systems,a feature embedding block is proposed.By combining the two feature compression methods of column-wise max pooling(CMP)and column-wise average-pooling(CAP),observational feature encoding is established.Finally,the centralized training and decentralized execution framework is adopted to complete the training of hunting strategy.Each USV in the fleet shares the same policy and perform actions independently.Simulation experiments have verified the effectiveness of the DPOMH-PPO algorithm in the test scenarios with different numbers of USVs.Moreover,the advantages of the proposed model are comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of algorithm performance,migration effect in task scenarios and self-organization capability after being damaged,the potential deployment and application of DPOMH-PPO in the real environment is verified.

A Survey into Teachers＇ Roles in Web-based College English Autonomous Learning

The paper, with the backdrop of web-based autonomous learning put forward by the recent college English teaching reform, aims to explore teachers＇ roles in this learning process in students＇ perception through the means of questionnaires and interviews. It further analyzes the possible reasons why students perceive their teachers＇ roles in such a way, in the hope of providing some implications for web-based college English autonomous learning.

Multi-UAV cooperative maneuver decision-making for pursuitevasion using improved MADRL

Aiming at the problem of multi-UAV pursuit-evasion confrontation, a UAV cooperative maneuver method based on an improved multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL) is proposed. In this method, an improved Comm Net network based on a communication mechanism is introduced into a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to solve the multi-agent problem. A layer of gated recurrent unit(GRU) is added to the actor-network structure to remember historical environmental states. Subsequently,another GRU is designed as a communication channel in the Comm Net core network layer to refine communication information between UAVs. Finally, the simulation results of the algorithm in two sets of scenarios are given, and the results show that the method has good effectiveness and applicability.

Machine learning algorithms able to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

BACKGROUND Although immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have demonstrated significant survival benefits in some patients diagnosed with gastric cancer(GC),existing prognostic markers are not universally applicable to all patients with advanced GC.AIM To investigate biomarkers that predict prognosis in GC patients treated with ICIs and develop accurate predictive models.METHODS Data from 273 patients diagnosed with GC and distant metastasis,who un-derwent≥1 cycle(s)of ICIs therapy were included in this study.Patients were randomly divided into training and test sets at a ratio of 7:3.Training set data were used to develop the machine learning models,and the test set was used to validate their predictive ability.Shapley additive explanations were used to provide insights into the best model.RESULTS Among the 273 patients with GC treated with ICIs in this study,112 died within 1 year,and 129 progressed within the same timeframe.Five features related to overall survival and 4 related to progression-free survival were identified and used to construct eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),logistic regression,and decision tree.After comprehensive evaluation,XGBoost demonstrated good accuracy in predicting overall survival and progression-free survival.CONCLUSION The XGBoost model aided in identifying patients with GC who were more likely to benefit from ICIs therapy.Patient nutritional status may,to some extent,reflect prognosis.

The Application of Cooperative Learning in College English Teaching

Cooperative learning has developed into a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy. Cooperative learning can not only motivate students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, but promote the interaction between the teacher and students.This paper analyzes the connotations and benefits of cooperative learning, explores reasons for existing problems in the application of cooperative learning in college English teaching and presents strategies for effective implementation of cooperative learning.

Incorporation of Learning Strategies into Web-based Autonomous Listening

The thesis introduces a comparative study of students'autonomous listening practice in a web-based autonomous learning center and the traditional teacher-dominated listening practice in a traditional language lab.The purpose of the study is to find how students'listening strategies differ in these two approaches and thereby to find which one better facilitates students'listening proficiency.

Research into the Application of Cooperative Learning to English Reading Teaching of Art Majors in Independent Colleges

This paper first stated some related theories of cooperative learning and English reading teaching.And then an applicationof cooperative learning in English reading teaching of art majors in independent college is implemented based on these literature re-views.The aim of the experiment is to explore the impact of the application of cooperative learning strategies.It mainly discussedthe following questions:(1)Can the group cooperative learning improve students'reading achievement?(2)What factors contributeto the success/failure of cooperative learning?(3)What are the favorite cooperative learning models in reading classes?The experi-ment proved that cooperative learning does not truly improve art students’reading achievement in independent college,but it real-ly has a positive role in promoting the students'learning interest,motivation and emotional attitude.The experiment also indicatesthat cooperative learning is still a valuable teaching strategy for applying,and GI,LT,TGT and other cooperative learning modelare welcomed by classmates.

On Reducing Students' Anxiety in English Listening through Cooperative Learning

Listening is an important means by which English learners can obtain information and communicate with others. Therefore, listening is an important skill of English learning and listening training is an indispensible part of language learning. However, listening can easily be affected by anxiety. Anxiety, an obvious psychological phenomenon in listening and speaking, has negative effect on language input, process and output. Although anxiety has negative influence on English listening, it can be overcome by Cooperative Learning (CL). CL can reduce anxiety, improve communication ability and strengthen learners' confidence, etc.

Research and Study on Cooperative Learning with special Reference to Vocational Students of Practical English class

This paper covers an experimental study with the application of cooperative learning in the college English teaching to vocational students. It intends to find answers to the following questions: how do students cooperate in cooperative learning? Can cooperative learning promote students' learning? The author conducts an experiment by applying recording. Based on the above research work, this result has been reached: cooperative learning can promote students'mastering of vocabulary and grammar. The author would like to share her experiences with others in pedagogical studies of teaching vocational college students English.

Cooperative Learning in Mediterranean European Cultural Settings:Taking Classroom Teaching in UMA as an Example

This paper provides an exploration of cooperative learning(CL) in a Mediterranean European cultural setting, taking classroom teaching in the University of Málaga(UMA) as an example. An important part of the paper is on the definitions of CL, second language acquisition(SLA) and relative literature by scholars or educators home and abroad, such as historical and contemporary views of CL, its development and application in a variety of classrooms, esp. in multi-lingual settings, in UMA. It also puts much emphasis on sociocultural aspects of CL. Besides, this paper compares the application of CL with that in SWUST,one public university in Southwest China. In views of current problems and awkward situations in the application of CL, the paper argues that the qualified teachers and quality monitoring systems are the two major decisive factors that affect the achievement of CL in Spanish institutions. This paper also analyzes the main characteristics of the classroom teaching in Mediterranean European Cultural Settings. Thus, the paper suggests that CL may be one of the most efficient approaches to improving the quality of education in UMA. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations and suggestions that Spanish institutions train more wellqualified teachers to meet the increasing demand of CL approach in multi-contextual or multi-lingual settings.

Cooperative Learning in FLT Settings in China's Tertiary Education

Cooperative learning is a pedagogical approach of great interest to some foreign language teachers in tertiary education in China. Cooperative learning is recognized as a well-known student-centered teaching method in the mainstream educational approaches ranging from kindergarten to tertiary education in other parts of the world. However, it is still not seen as an important method to use in China today. This paper briefly reviews and summarizes the major achievements as well as setbacks of FLT research in the past 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. It also addresses some important issues in the history of the development and the prospect of FLT, and the career development of FL teachers in China. Moreover, it presents argumentations in the remarkable exploratory process of educational theories of FLT with Chinese characteristics. It concludes that more and more Chinese FL teachers will implement cooperative learning in their classroom activities and enrich the connotations of this approach.

On the Study of Cooperative Learning in English Reading Teaching

In this era of information explosion, reading has become one of the most important basic skills to obtain the information. With the globalization of information and business, people pay more and more attention to English reading. English reading, as one of the four skills of language learning, plays an important role in the English learning. In a sense, English reading, together with listening comprehension, speaking, and writing, is an important skill and holds a crucial status in learning the English language. Cooperative learning is a kind of teaching theory and strategy system based on group. The theory of cooperative learning which is applied in English reading class in senior high school and change the traditional teacher- centered teaching type. Cooperative learning as a breakthrough and complement against traditional classroom instruction is an efficient teaching approach, which can promote learner's cognitive ability and improve their competence to use language. This paper discusses how to apply the above mentioned theory to the learning practices in order to achieve better English reading and improve the reading achievement in college schools.

A Study on the Application of Cooperative Learning in English Language Teaching

Cooperative learning,as a new organizational form of teaching,has been more and more widely used in English language teaching.It has broken the traditional teacher-centered teaching mode.Nowadays,it has been regarded as a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy.In order to get more insights into cooperative learning,which is not only a way of learning but also a teaching strategy,a study on the application of cooperative learning has been made from several aspects:theoretical basis,application and evaluation.

The Effects of Cooperative-learning in the Oral English Class

Oral English teaching is one of the essential parts in language teaching. However, the oral English teaching in Chinese college English large-scale classes is far from satisfactory. In the instruction process arise a variety of problems such as the passiveness of learners, the failure of timely feedback transmission and fewer chances of oral English practice.This study aims to probe into the effects of cooperative-learning in the oral English teaching of large-scale classes. It is the author's belief that cooperative learning may effectively improve college oral English teaching in large-scale classes.

A Review of the Effectiveness of Web-based Course with College English Learners' Autonomous Learning

The paper is a literature review, aiming to examine the effectiveness of web-based college English learning which mainly focuses on learners' autonomous learning. Previous studies indicate that the web-based learning can improve learners' autonomous learning, as well as some problems found in their findings. Therefore, this paper first gives a summary and critique of research studies on the web-based autonomous learning and some factors influencing learners' autonomous learning ability;then, areas that deserve further study are also indicated.

Research on Compatible Mode of Self-directed Learning and Cooperative Learning in Blended Teaching of Basic English Course

In the information age,blended teaching,no matter online or offline,has become the mainstream of college teaching reform.In this teaching model,self-directed learning and cooperative learning are the two main learning approaches.On the online teaching platform,students mainly learn knowledge-based content by self-directed learning,while practising their language skills by cooperative learning in flipped classroom activities.On one hand,it advocates student-centered strategy so as to improve students autonomous learning ability;on the other hand,teachers serve as a guide to organize the classroom activities;meanwhile,they give timely feedback to students in order to promote students’learning ability.In blended teaching model,this mutually compatible and reinforcing model of self-directed learning and cooperative learning is undoubtedly helpful to improve the teaching efficiency.