Interfacial stress transfer behavior in a specially-shaped fiber/matrix pullout test

Specially designed fibers are widely used in engineering practice because the specially-designed shape can help to improve the bonding strength of the fiber and the interface. Studied in this paper is the interfacial shear stress transfer behavior on both sides of the specially designed fiber when it is being pulled out; in which automatic analysis of three-dimensional photoelasticity is employed and the finite element method is adopted. The results show that the stress transfer occurs mainly in the region near the fiber＇s embedded end where the stress reaches its critical point, leading to debonding of the interface. Before debonding, as the pullout loading increases, the peak value of shear stress transfers along the fiber from the embedded end to the interior of the matrix, and then stops at the hooked part of the fiber because of its impediment. When the interface begins to debond as the load increases, the shear stress can be transferred to the hooked part.

Interaction of a parabolic-shaped pulse pair in a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser

We numerically investigate the formation and interaction of a parabolic-shaped pulse pair in a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser. Based on a lumped model, the parabolic-shaped pulse pair is obtained by controlling the intercavity average dispersion and gain saturation energy, Moreover, pulse repulsive and attractive motion are also achieved with different pulse separations. Simulation results show that the phase shift plays an important role in pulse interaction, and the interaction is determined by the inter-cavity average dispersion and gain saturation energy, i.e., the strength of the interaction is proportional to the gain saturation energy, a stronger gain saturation energy will result in a higher interaction intensity. On the contrary, the increase of the inter-cavity dispersion will counterbalance some interaction force. The results also show that the interaction of a parabolic-shaped pulse pair has a larger interaction distance compared to conventional solitons.

Liquid Flow in Shaped Fiber Bundle

By computation and comparison of the critical spreading coefficient parameter, it was found that shaped fiber bundle is better for wetting. Liquid-air interface tension of liquid arising the shaped fiber bundle body is considered as one critical factor besides liquid viscosity, inertia force and liquid-fiber interface tension. Experimental result simulation demonstrated that the liquid-air interface tension is correlated with the geometric size of the liquid arising in body, Φ0 （x） and which is affected by the cross sectional shape of fiber and the radius of single fiber. The shaped fiber bundle model is/ntroduced to/nvestigate liquid flow in fiber assembly. The model is generated based on a random function for stochastic forming of fibers in bundle and it is necessary to combine this fundamental model with physical explanation for investigation of liquid flow in fiber assembly.

Passive smart self-repairing concrete beams by using shape memory alloy wires and fibers containing adhesives

An innovative approach to increase structural survivability of concrete and maintain structural durability of concrete was developed in case of earthquakes and typhoons. This approach takes advantage of the superelastic effect of shape memory alloy(SMA) and the cohering characteristic of repairing adhesive. These SMA wires and brittle fibers containing adhesives were embedded into concrete beams during concrete casting to form smart reinforced concrete beams. The self-repairing capacity of smart concrete beams was investigated by three-point bending tests. The experimental results show that SMA wires add self-restoration capacity,the concrete beams recover almost completely after incurring an extremely large deflection and the cracks are closed almost completely by the recovery forces of SMA wires. The number or areas of SMA wires has no influence on the tendency of deformation during loading and the tendency of reversion by the superelasticity. The adhesives released from the broken-open fibers fill voids and cracks. The repaired damage enables continued function and prevents further degradation.

Experimental measurement and numerical analysis of fused taper shape for optical fiber coupler

To find out the effect of the shape of fused taper region on the optical fiber coupler, the fiber couplers were fabricated at different drawing speeds with a six-axes fiber coupler machine. The results, which were obtained fi＇om the shape of fused taper region measured with microscope, show that there is a close correlation between the cone angle and optical performance of fiber coupler. High-performance fiber coupler cannot be obtained until rheological shape is controlled accurately. The numerical analysis model, which was built based on generalized Maxwell viscoelastic theory, is resolved with ANSYS software. The calculated results accord with the experimental data. It can apply a theoretic basis for forecasting the shape of fiber coupler fabricated under the conditions of different technological parameters.

Optical scanning endoscope via a single multimode optical fiber

Optical endoscopy has become an essential diagnostic and therapeutic approach in modern biomedicine for directly observing organs and tissues deep inside the human body,enabling non-invasive,rapid diagnosis and treatment.Optical fiber endoscopy is highly competitive among various endoscopic imaging techniques due to its high flexibility,compact structure,excellent resolution,and resistance to electromagnetic interference.Over the past decade,endoscopes based on a single multimode optical fiber(MMF)have attracted widespread research interest due to their potential to significantly reduce the footprint of optical fiber endoscopes and enhance imaging capabilities.In comparison with other imaging principles of MMF endoscopes,the scanning imaging method based on the wavefront shaping technique is highly developed and provides benefits including excellent imaging contrast,broad applicability to complex imaging scenarios,and good compatibility with various well-established scanning imaging modalities.In this review,various technical routes to achieve light focusing through MMF and procedures to conduct the scanning imaging of MMF endoscopes are introduced.The advancements in imaging performance enhancements,integrations of various imaging modalities with MMF scanning endoscopes,and applications are summarized.Challenges specific to this endoscopic imaging technology are analyzed,and potential remedies and avenues for future developments are discussed.

Modal macro-strain identification from operational macro-strain shape under changing loading conditions

To develop modal macro-strain （ MMS ） identification techniques and improve their applicability in a continuous health monitoring system for civil infrastructures, the concept of operational macro-strain shape （OMSS） and the corresponding identification method are proposed under unknown ever-changing loading conditions, and the MMS is then obtained. The core of the proposed technique is mainly based on the specific property that the macro-strain transmissibility tends to be independent of external excitations at the poles of the system and converges to a unique value. The proposed method is verified using the experimental data from a three-span continuous beam excited by an impact hammer at different locations. The identified results are also compared with the commonly used methods, such as the peak- picking （PP） method, the stochastic subspace identification （SSI） method, and numerical results, in the case of unknown input forces. Results show that the proposed technique has unique merits in accuracy and robustness due to its combining multiple tests under changing loading conditions, which also reveal the promising application of the distributed strain sensing system in identifying MMS of operational structures, as well as in the structural health monitoring （SHM） field.

RESEARCH ON DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION AND ORIENTATION TENSORS OF FIBER SUSPENSIONS IN WEDGE-SHAPED FLOW FIELD

The distribution function and orientation tensor of fiber suspensions in wedge shaped flow field were computed . The results indicate that with time increasing, the fiber orient themselves to flow direction gradually. At the locations with same pole radii, the angle between fiber orientation and centerline, which occurs with the most probability, decreases with the pole angle increasing . At the locations with same pole angle, the angle between fiber orientation and centerline increases with the pole radii decreasing. The second order tensors get steady more quickly at the points where the velocity g radients are larger. At the locations with same pole angle, the steady values of orientation tensors are identical. At the locations with same pole radii is, streamline becomes flatter as the pole angle decreases.

352-Gbit/s single line rate THz wired transmission based on PS-4096QAM employing hollow-core fiber

We successfully demonstrate 32-Gbaud Probabilistically Shaped 4096-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(PS-4096QAM)TeraHertz(THz)signal wired transmission at 325 GHz over the 1-m Hollow-Core Fiber(HCF)in a photon-assisted THz-wave communication system.By employing advanced Digital Signal Processing(DSP)and the PS technique,the 352-Gbit/s line rate(288-Gbit/s net rate)delivery with a net Spectral Efficiency(SE)of 9 bit/s/Hz is realized in the experiment,satisfying the 0.86-Normalized Generalized Mutual Information(NGMI)Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)threshold.

Shape memory behavior of SMPU knitted fabric

A preliminary investigation of shape memory (SM) effects of SMPU (shape memory polyurethane) knitting fabric is presented in this paper. Three SMPU knitted fabrics series with different content of SMPU fibers: 100% SMPU, 50% SMPU and 50% cotton, 16% SMPU and 84% cotton are designed and manufactured in our lab. Their shape memory behaviors at different temperatures are characterized in terms of bagging. Our experimental results showed that shape memory effect can be improved with increasing content of SMPU fibers. A comparison between Lycra and SMPU knitted fabrics was also made to validate the shape memory effects of SMPU knitted fabrics.

THERMOMECHANICAL RESPONSE OF SMA FIBER COMPOSITES WITH NON-UNIFORM TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION

A micromechanics method based on the High-Order-Theory developed by Aboudi et al.is used to predict the thermomechanical response of composites reinforced by shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers,and the non-uniform thermal distribution in composite arising from the process of heating or cooling is considered.The numerical development based on this model was coded to predict the thermomechanical response of shape memory alloy fiber/elastomer matrix composite subjected to thermal cycle loading.When the composite is heated,two heating ways,thermal gradients and heat source by passing an electric current through the SMA fibers are imposed on the composite respectively.Upon cooling,the first thermal boundary condition and the second thermal boundary condition are subjected to the composite respectively.A series of stress distributions and temperature distributions for different instants are calculated to reveal the interaction between the SMA material and matrix.It is useful to analyze and design the SMA actuator driven by heat source or the surface temperature.

Novel shape detection systems based on FBG sensor net for intelligent endoscope

This dissertation aims at providing steady sensing for the shape detection of colonoscopes. The research especially deals with the key techniques of fiber bragg grating (FBG) large curvature sensor and sensor net, integrates the techniques of mechatronics and computer graphics, and develops real time FBG shape sensing system and incremental shape sensing system for colonoscopies.

Confocal Image 3D Surface Measurement with Optical Fiber Plate

A whole-field 3D surface measurement system for semiconductor wafer inspection is described.The system consists of an optical fiber plate,which can split the light beam into N^2 subbeams to realize the whole-field inspection.A special prism is used to separate the illumination light and signal light.This setup is characterized by high precision,high speed and simple structure.

钢纤维形状及掺量对超高性能混凝土力学性能的影响

对比研究了钢纤维形状及掺量对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)工作性能及力学性能的影响,并通过SEM分析研究其演化机理。结果表明:随钢纤维掺量的增加,UHPC的工作性能变差,且端勾型钢纤维对工作性能劣化最明显。当钢纤维掺量为1.5%~2.5%时,端勾型和长直线型钢纤维UHPC的抗压、抗折及劈裂抗拉强度较高;当钢纤维掺量超过1.0%后,UHPC的拉压比会出现大幅提高,折压比相对提高不明显;当钢纤维掺量为1.5%~2.0%时,短直线型钢纤维UHPC的力学性能和工作性能最佳。SEM分析发现,钢纤维在基体中错向连续搭接分布,形成三维网状结构,能够阻止宏观裂缝的产生和微裂纹的发展,使UHPC表现出良好的力学性能。

类抛物线形单孔悬挂芯光纤光镊设计与微粒操控

为提高光镊系统中光纤波导耦合度与微通道集成度,实现对微粒的多样操控,提出了一种类抛物线形单孔悬挂芯光纤光镊结构,从双光束聚焦光场机制出发,分析并建立了光镊探针尖端横向和轴向光阱力数学模型,通过出射光场分布仿真模型的计算,探究了类抛物线形悬挂芯光纤中空孔直径、微粒尺寸与纤芯功率等参量对出射光场和光阱力的影响。结合悬挂芯光纤流道的气压控制,利用CO_(2)激光熔融工艺制备了光纤光镊探针,建立了针对直径2、5、10μm的聚苯乙烯微粒操控实验。研究为单孔悬挂芯光纤应用于光纤光镊实现微粒操控乃至输运提供了技术基础,也为光纤光镊提高集成度与灵活性提供了新的思路。

超高性能混凝土中纤维作用效应研究综述

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)是一种具有超高强度、高耐久性的新型水泥基复合材料,其应用仍受到包括造价高、韧性不足、高温抗爆裂性能差等因素的影响,相关研究表明上述因素均与内掺纤维有关。为进一步促进纤维对UHPC性能的优化,推进UHPC在工程领域中的应用,通过梳理国内外近年来相关研究成果,总结钢纤维形状和长径比、不同纤维类型、纤维混杂和纤维取向分布对UHPC相关性能的影响,结果表明:钢纤维具备优异的力学性能且来源广泛,仍为UHPC中主要使用的纤维,异形钢纤维改善UHPC抗拉、抗弯等性能效果更好,但工作性能会相应地降低,建议钢纤维掺量采用2%~3%;不同类型纤维混掺存在最优组合,非钢纤维掺量普遍不超过0.5%;纤维平行于主拉应力方向分布能够提升纤维桥接作用的有效性,随机分布的纤维有效性降到了30%,对于纤维取向控制方法尚不成熟,需要进一步完善方法实现在非实验室条件下纤维定向分布的实际尺寸。

基于角度偏差自校正的光纤形状传感结构设计

光纤形状传感中FBG的放置角度误差会影响曲率的计算精度,从而增大形状反演的误差。为了实现传感胶棒的角度自校正,设计了一种自校正形状传感结构,在传感胶棒的感知截面上布设9个FBG,以120°等角度间隔作为基准位置,分别提取±10°位置上的应变,从而实现FBG响应与角度偏差的函数映射。提出了一种基于角度偏差自校正算法,通过适应度函数完成对传感参量α与k的阈值优化,实现任意角度偏差的自校正。仿真分析不同α与k条件下的响应关系,发现α具有很好的线性变化特性,k仅随主敏感FBG波动的特性。在单截面实验中,加载0~100 N应力变化后,9个FBG的平均响应度介于[-1.012με/N,0.987με/N]之间。响应度的正负可以表征弯曲方向,相邻FBG的响应也具有很好的线性度。在组合截面实验中,根据反演结果重建传感胶棒三维结构,输出各点位坐标和应力值信息。

碳纤维板加固H型钢梁抗剥离夹具研制及应用试验

外贴碳纤维板是钢梁抗弯加固的常用方法,但其端部易因界面应力集中导致剥离破坏,严重影响高性能材料的有效利用,特别是结构加固后的安全服役.为此开发出一种适用于H型钢梁的简易夹具——C形槽板夹,以加强碳纤维板的端部锚固.通过多根带夹碳纤维板加固梁的静力加载试验,验证了此夹具的可靠性,并考察了碳纤维板伸入剪跨段长度与剪跨段长度之比及锚固方式(纯粘、端锚和混锚)对加固效果的影响.研究发现端锚加固不同于纯粘,只要梁的控制截面仍在夹具之间,碳纤维板的极限应力、加固效果及利用效率均随其长度缩短而提高,当碳纤维板长度分别为600、750 mm时,前者极限应变和承载力比后者分别高27.3%和8.1%.由于钢梁表面处理质量较差,混锚加固梁均发生突然剥离,后期退化为端锚加固梁,因而相比端锚加固梁加固效果改善不大,需要提高表面处理质量再做类似研究.尽管如此,相比纯粘加固梁,混锚加固梁采用C形槽板夹后剥离破坏被延迟,抗弯性能大为改善.试验过程中还用压电阻抗法对界面剥离情况进行了检测,结果符合实际.

基于NSGA-Ⅱ传感位置优化的曲面重构及误差补偿方法

通过优化光纤布拉格光栅形状传感技术中传感点位置和补偿重构结果来提高薄层合金板三维形状重构精度。通过ANSYS workbench建立合金板仿真模型,提取应变和位移模态振型,根据模态置信准则、转换矩阵稳定性和模态振型相似性分别设计了三个目标函数,采用快速和精英机制的多目标遗传算法优化传感器位置。将镍钛合金板弯曲成不同曲率半径的弧形,利用光纤布拉格光栅中心波长漂移量和线性插值算法计算得出不同形状下的结构应变,重构合金板形状,均方根误差和最大误差相较于单目标优化算法分别减小30%和15%。利用粒子群优化径向基函数神经网络算法拟合误差与位移的关系实现误差补偿,均方根误差和最大误差比无补偿时分别减小了90%和70%,最大相对百分比误差仅为5%,提高了三维形状重构算法精度。

基于L型轮辐结构膜片的窄频光纤F-P声波传感器研究

光纤声传感器被广泛应用在工业、医疗等领域。为了提高光纤F-P声传感器的性能,本文提出了一种L型轮辐结构的F-P传感膜片。膜片的厚度为15μm、梁宽度为0.5 mm、中心膜片的半径为1 mm。膜片由激光加工技术在304不锈钢上刻蚀而成。实验对1000 Hz下的传感器灵敏度进行研究,将传感器应用于光声池共振频率为1600 Hz的光声光谱气体检测系统中,并实现对50~100×10^(-6)的乙炔(C_(2)H_(2))气体浓度测量。实验结果表明,该传感器在1000 Hz下的声压灵敏度为25.4 nm/Pa,传感器可实现的最小可探测声压(MDP)为38.2μPa/Hz^(1/2)@1 kHz,声压信噪比为76.8 dB。实验所得到的光声光谱二次谐波信号的峰值与乙炔浓度呈现良好的线性关系,乙炔浓度的响应度为1.8 pm/10^(-6)。该传感器在光声光谱等单频声信号检测领域具有广泛的应用前景。