A new algorithm called the weighted least square discrete parameterization (WLSDP) is presented for the parameterization of triangular meshes over a convex planar region. This atgorithm is the linear combination of th...A new algorithm called the weighted least square discrete parameterization (WLSDP) is presented for the parameterization of triangular meshes over a convex planar region. This atgorithm is the linear combination of the discrete Conformal mapping (DCM) and the discrete Authalic mapping (DAM). It provides the good properties of both DCM and DAM, such as robustness and low distortion. By adjusting the scaling factor q embedded in the WLSDP, satisfactory parameterizations in different special applications can be achieved.展开更多
WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式参数化方案众多,不同参数化方案对降雨模拟效果有较大的影响。为研究WRF模式中云微物理、陆面过程及积云对流参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果的影响,以长江宜宾至宜昌干流区间为研究区...WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式参数化方案众多,不同参数化方案对降雨模拟效果有较大的影响。为研究WRF模式中云微物理、陆面过程及积云对流参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果的影响,以长江宜宾至宜昌干流区间为研究区域,选取5种云微物理参数化方案、2种陆面过程参数化方案和3种积云对流参数化方案共30种方案组合对该地区4场不同降雨中心落区的典型强降雨过程进行模拟,并以实测站点数据和GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)降水数据产品为参考,采用TS评分、空报率、漏报率、准确率、平均绝对误差以及均方根误差作为评价指标,充分考虑各指标的不同影响,运用基于熵权的密切值法对降雨模拟结果进行综合评价。结果表明,WRF模式中云微物理WSM3(WRF Single-Moment 3-class)方案,陆面过程Noah(Noah Land Surface Model)方案和积云对流Grell-D(GrellDevenyi Ensemble)方案的参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果较好,在该参数化方案组合下,WRF模拟的24 h日面雨量平均值的模拟结果与实测资料基本一致,模拟得到的四场典型降雨的24 h面降雨中心和降雨量级分布带均与实际降雨较为接近,大部分地区的模拟误差小于10 mm,且对小雨和中雨的模拟效果更好,此外WRF模拟降雨精度会受地形变化的影响,地形起伏加剧会降低降雨模拟精度,西南山区降雨模拟精度稍低于东北平原地区。研究结果可为流域水文预报提供重要参考。展开更多
Further developments in the hybrid multiscale energy density method are proposed on the basis of our previous papers. The key points are as follows. （i） The theoretical method for the determination of the weight par...Further developments in the hybrid multiscale energy density method are proposed on the basis of our previous papers. The key points are as follows. （i） The theoretical method for the determination of the weight parameter in the energy coupling equation of transition region in multiscale model is given via constructing underdetermined equations. （ii） By applying the developed mathematical method, the weight parameters have been given and used to treat some problems in homogeneous charge density systems, which ,＇ire directly related with multiscale science. （iii） A theoretical algorithm has also been presented for treating non-homogeneous systems of charge density. The key to the theoretical computational methods is the decomposition of the electrostatic energy in the total energy of density functional theory for probing the spanning characteristic at atomic scale, layer by layer, by which the choice of chemical elements and the defect complex effect can be understood deeply. （iv） The＇numerical computational program and design have also been presented.展开更多
文摘A new algorithm called the weighted least square discrete parameterization (WLSDP) is presented for the parameterization of triangular meshes over a convex planar region. This atgorithm is the linear combination of the discrete Conformal mapping (DCM) and the discrete Authalic mapping (DAM). It provides the good properties of both DCM and DAM, such as robustness and low distortion. By adjusting the scaling factor q embedded in the WLSDP, satisfactory parameterizations in different special applications can be achieved.
文摘WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式参数化方案众多,不同参数化方案对降雨模拟效果有较大的影响。为研究WRF模式中云微物理、陆面过程及积云对流参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果的影响,以长江宜宾至宜昌干流区间为研究区域,选取5种云微物理参数化方案、2种陆面过程参数化方案和3种积云对流参数化方案共30种方案组合对该地区4场不同降雨中心落区的典型强降雨过程进行模拟,并以实测站点数据和GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)降水数据产品为参考,采用TS评分、空报率、漏报率、准确率、平均绝对误差以及均方根误差作为评价指标,充分考虑各指标的不同影响,运用基于熵权的密切值法对降雨模拟结果进行综合评价。结果表明,WRF模式中云微物理WSM3(WRF Single-Moment 3-class)方案,陆面过程Noah(Noah Land Surface Model)方案和积云对流Grell-D(GrellDevenyi Ensemble)方案的参数化方案组合对长江上游地区降雨模拟效果较好,在该参数化方案组合下,WRF模拟的24 h日面雨量平均值的模拟结果与实测资料基本一致,模拟得到的四场典型降雨的24 h面降雨中心和降雨量级分布带均与实际降雨较为接近,大部分地区的模拟误差小于10 mm,且对小雨和中雨的模拟效果更好,此外WRF模拟降雨精度会受地形变化的影响,地形起伏加剧会降低降雨模拟精度,西南山区降雨模拟精度稍低于东北平原地区。研究结果可为流域水文预报提供重要参考。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB606402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51071091)
文摘Further developments in the hybrid multiscale energy density method are proposed on the basis of our previous papers. The key points are as follows. （i） The theoretical method for the determination of the weight parameter in the energy coupling equation of transition region in multiscale model is given via constructing underdetermined equations. （ii） By applying the developed mathematical method, the weight parameters have been given and used to treat some problems in homogeneous charge density systems, which ,＇ire directly related with multiscale science. （iii） A theoretical algorithm has also been presented for treating non-homogeneous systems of charge density. The key to the theoretical computational methods is the decomposition of the electrostatic energy in the total energy of density functional theory for probing the spanning characteristic at atomic scale, layer by layer, by which the choice of chemical elements and the defect complex effect can be understood deeply. （iv） The＇numerical computational program and design have also been presented.
