Monte Carlo method for evaluation of surface emission rate measurement uncertainty

The aim of this study is to evaluate the uncertainty of 2πα and 2πβ surface emission rates using the windowless multiwire proportional counter method.This study used the Monte Carlo method (MCM) to validate the conventional Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) method.A dead time measurement model for the two-source method was established based on the characteristics of a single-channel measurement system,and the voltage threshold correction factor measurement function was indirectly obtained by fitting the threshold correction curve.The uncertainty in the surface emission rate was calculated using the GUM method and the law of propagation of uncertainty.The MCM provided clear definitions for each input quantity and its uncertainty distribution,and the simulation training was realized with a complete and complex mathematical model.The results of the surface emission rate uncertainty evaluation for four radioactive plane sources using both methods showed the uncertainty’s consistency E_(n)<0.070 for the comparison of each source,and the uncertainty results of the GUM were all lower than those of the MCM.However,the MCM has a more objective evaluation process and can serve as a validation tool for GUM results.

A Comparative Study of the Difference Method and the Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Casein Method for Determining True Amino Acid Digestibilities and Endogenous Amino Acid Losses in Duck Feed

In this study, we examined the varia- tions between the difference method and the enzyme- hydrolyzed casein method for determining endogenous amino acid loss and the true amino acid digestibility in ducks fed normal protein-containing diets. These methods were compared to the nitrogen-free （N-free） diet method. The difference method was based on soy- bean meal as the only protein source, with the experi- mental diets containing crude protein levels at 15% and 20%. The enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method was based on enzyme-hydrolyzed casein meal as the pro- tein source, with the experimental diet containing a crude protein level of 17.5%. The N-free diet was prepared with starches and paper fibers. In each meth- od,64 Tianfu meat drakes （7-weeks-old） with an av- erage body weight of 2.77±0.16 kg were used and divided into four groups, and fed four different diets. Each group contained four replicates of four drakes and they were force fed trial diets according to the Sirbald method for detecting their apparent amino aciddigestibility, endogenous amino acid loss and true a- mino acid digestibility. The results demonstrated that using the difference, enzyme-hydrolyzed casein and N-free diet methods, endogenous amino acid losses were 0. 9946,1. 2243 and 0. 9297 mg/g dry matter in- take （ DMI）, respectively. The true amino acid digest- ibility measured by the difference method was 88.93 %±4.43 %. Using the enzyme-hydrolyzed ca- sein method with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%, the digestibility was 91.15%±4.33% and 91.97%±4. 16%, respectively, and by the N-free diet methods with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20% ,it was 88.55%±4.29% and 88.82 %±4.61%, respectively. The results suggested that when the dietary protein level was 15% to 20 %, the true amino acid digestibility and endogenous ami- no acid loss as determined by the difference method was more accurate than the values determined by the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method.

Probabilistic seismic loss estimation via endurance time method

Probabilistic Seismic Loss Estimation is a methodology used as a quantitative and explicit expression of the performance of buildings using terms that address the interests of both owners and insurance companies. Applying the ATC 58 approach for seismic loss assessment of buildings requires using Incremental Dynamic Analysis （IDA）, which needs hundreds of time-consuming analyses, which in turn hinders its wide application. The Endurance Time Method （ETM） is proposed herein as part of a demand propagation prediction procedure and is shown to be an economical alternative to IDA. Various scenarios were considered to achieve this purpose and their appropriateness has been evaluated using statistical methods. The most precise and efficient scenario was validated through comparison against IDA driven response predictions of 34 code conforming benchmark structures and was proven to be sufficiently precise while offering a great deal of efficiency. The loss values were estimated by replacing IDA with the proposed ETM-based procedure in the ATC 58 procedure and it was fotmd that these values suffer from varying inaccuracies, which were attributed to the discretized nature of damage and loss prediction functions provided by ATC 58.

Influence of heat loss through probe electrical leads on thermal conductivity measurement with TPS method

The transient plane source(TPS)method is developed recently to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.In the measurement,the heating power is influenced by the heat which is transferred via the probe electrical leads.This fact further influences the measurement accuracy of thermal conductivity.To solve this problem,the influence of heat loss through the electrical leads on the heating power is studied theoretically.The mathematical formula of heat loss is deduced,and the corresponding correction model is presented.A series of measurement experiments on different materials have been conducted by using the hot disk thermal constant analyzer.The results show that the influence of the heat loss on the measurement is sensitive to different test materials and probes with different sizes.When the thermal conductivity of the material is greater than 0.2 W/(m·K),the influence of the heat loss is less than 0.16%,which can be ignored.As to the lower thermal conductivity materials,it is necessary to compensate the heat loss through the electrical leads,and the accuracy of thermal conductivity measurement can be effectively improved.

Transmission loss simulation based on rectangular-pulse method and experimental evaluation of acoustic performance of perforated intake pipe

Exact simulation of the acoustic performance is essential to the engineering application for a vehicle intake system. The rectangular-pulse method based on the computational fluid dynamics approach was employed for calculating the transmission loss. Firstly, the transmission loss of the single-cavity element was simulated without any airflow, and the effects of different structural parameters on the acoustic performance were investigated comprehensively. Secondly, the static transmission loss of the perforated intake pipe was obtained by the rectangular-pulse method, which is proved to be accurate enough compared with the result by finite element method. Thirdly, under the different conditions of the mean airflow and the operating temperature, the specific transmission loss was acquired respectively. In general, the peaks of the transmission loss are shifted to the lower frequency range because of the reverse airflow, but the amplitudes are irregularly changed. Besides, when the operating temperature increases, the peaks are shifted to the higher frequencies. Finally, with the designed perforated pipe installed to the intake system, the road tests were proceeded to evaluate the actual acoustic performance, and the result indicates that the intake sound pressure level is greatly attenuated. Typically in the range of 600–1500 Hz, the insertion loss of the intake noise at the decelerating moment is almost 20 d B(A), and the overall noise is reduced more than 14.2 d B(A). In conclusion, the perforated intake pipe has been proved excellent in improving the acoustic performance of intake system and could provide the guidance for the automotive engineering application.

Chemical Analysis of Magnesia and Magnesia-Alumina Refractory Materials——Gravimetric method for determination of loss on ignition

1 Scope This standard specifies the gravimetric method for determination of loss on ignition.

Improved Method of Power Loss and Electric Field Calculations of HVAC Transmission Lines

An improved method for calculating the corona power loss and the ground-level electric field on HVAC transmission lines induced by corona is proposed.Based on a charge simulation method combined with a method of successive images,the proposed method has the number and location of the simulated charges not arbitrary.When the surface electric field of a conductor exceeds the onset value,charges are emitted from corona into the space around,and the space ions and the surface charges on each sub-conductor are simulated by using the images of the other sub-conductors.The displacements of the space ions are calculated at every time step during corona periods in both the positive and the negative half cycles.Several examples are calculated by using the proposed method,and the calculated electric field at the ground level and the corona power loss agree well with previous measurements.The results show that simulating 12 charges in each conductor during 600 time steps in one cycle takes less time while guarantees the accuracy.The corona discharge from a 220 kV transmission line enhances slightly(less than 2%) the electric field at the ground level,but this effect is little from a 500 kV line.The improved method is a good compromise between the time cost and the accuracy of calculation.

Robust fault detection for delta operator switched fuzzy systems with bilateral packet losses

Considering packet losses, time-varying delay, and parameter uncertainty in the switched fuzzy system, this paper designs a robust fault detection filter at any switching rate and analyzes the H∞ performance of the system. Firstly, the Takagi-Sugeno(T-S) fuzzy model is used to establish a global fuzzy model for the uncertain nonlinear time-delay switched system,and the packet loss process is modeled as a mathematical model satisfying Bernoulli distribution. Secondly, through the average dwell time method and multiple Lyapunov functions, the exponentially stable condition of the nonlinear network switched system is given. Finally, specific parameters of the robust fault detection filter can be obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities(LMIs). The effectiveness of the method is verified by simulation results.

Nyström kernel algorithm based on least logarithmic hyperbolic cosine loss

Kernel adaptive filters(KAFs)have sparked substantial attraction for online non-linear learning applications.It is noted that the effectiveness of KAFs is highly reliant on a rational learning criterion.Concerning this,the logarithmic hyperbolic cosine(lncosh)criterion with better robustness and convergence has drawn attention in recent studies.However,existing lncosh loss-based KAFs use the stochastic gradient descent(SGD)for optimization,which lack a trade-off between the convergence speed and accuracy.But recursion-based KAFs can provide more effective filtering performance.Therefore,a Nyström method-based robust sparse kernel recursive least lncosh loss algorithm is derived in this article.Experiments via measures and synthetic data against the non-Gaussian noise confirm the superiority with regard to the robustness,accuracy performance,and computational cost.

应用生成对抗网络的地震数据重建和去噪一体化方法

在实际采集过程中,受地形条件和人为因素的影响,地震数据不仅在空间上会出现采样不足或不规则的情况,而且会混入噪声,不利于后续地震数据的处理和解释。通常将重建与去噪分为两个阶段处理,这样往往会引入额外的误差。为此,文中提出了一种基于条件韦氏生成对抗网络(cWGAN)的地震数据重建去噪一体化方法,该方法研究的重点是在缺失道和噪声的混合干扰下,准确提取地震数据的有效特征。首先,以U-Net模型为基本网络结构来构建生成器模型,分级提取地震数据同相轴特征;在判别器模型中引入条件约束,引导生成器优化梯度方向。其次,建立重建和去噪误差描述模型,该模型设计了一体化损失函数,可以兼顾重建与去噪两方面的处理任务。最后,经过合成数据和实际数据测试,证明文中所提的网络模型恢复的地震数据信噪比更高且具有较强鲁棒性。

高阶轨道角动量传输光纤设计及传输特性研究(内封底文章)

为解决一般轨道角动量传输光纤传输轨道角动量模式数量少、质量差的问题,提出了一种基于正六边形空气孔排列的新型光子晶体光纤结构。该光纤引入了空气填充率高的矩形空气孔以及采用高折射率材料填充环形传输区域,能够有效提高环形传输区域和包层间的折射率差,且正六边形排列空气孔有利于提高模间有效折射率差。经过结构优化得到最优光纤结构,有限元法的分析结果表明,最优结构下,该光纤在常用波段S+C+L+U波段上能够支持142种轨道角动量模式的传输,最高阶数达到36阶。且所提出光纤具有良好的传输特性,本征模式的最高限制性损耗为10−9 dB/m量级,与典型轨道角动量传输光子晶体光纤相比至少降低了一个数量级;最大有效模场面积能够达到206.18μm^(2),最小非线性系数低至0.397 W^(−1)∙km^(−1);色散平坦且最小色散变化低至1.4578 ps/(nm∙km);所有本征模式纯度均在93.4%~96.8%范围内。且该光纤具有较好的制备可行性,对制造精度要求不高。因此,该光纤在基于轨道角动量光纤的复用系统中具有广阔的应用前景,为提高通信容量提供了一种有效手段。

PCCP断丝破坏规律Ⅱ:数值模拟研究

目前预应力钢筒混凝土管(Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe,PCCP)断丝的数值模拟要么整圈删除断丝,要么将断丝的预应力损失范围假设为固定值,无法依据砂浆损伤程度来判断断丝预应力损失范围是否扩展。本文通过抽象分析砂浆、预应力钢丝和管芯混凝土之间的两两相互作用机制,引入弹簧单元、内聚力模型和塑性损伤模型,提出了管芯混凝土预压应力施加、任意位置钢丝割断和断丝预应力损失范围扩展的全过程模拟方法,明确了调控断丝预应力损失范围的初始大小、扩展时机和扩展幅度的关键参数。基于原型试验建立了恒定内压下集中和离散断丝的数值模型,从内压加载到断丝破坏的全过程角度验证了新模拟方法的合理性,揭示了管芯的预应力损失和破坏规律,使实际工程中各种三维断点分布的模拟成为可能,可为更精准地预测和评估断丝PCCP结构性能提供新手段。

高低频复合励磁磁心损耗量化的研究

针对高低频复合励磁磁元件磁心损耗难以精确测量和建模的问题,在详细分析现有磁心损耗测量方法和磁心损耗模型局限性的基础上,根据直流功率法测量原理搭建高低频复合励磁磁心损耗测量系统,利用损耗能精确测量的空心电感验证其测量精度。最后,基于直流偏置下脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)波励磁的磁心损耗模型,提出高低频复合励磁磁性元件的磁心损耗预测模型,并实验验证预测模型最大相对误差为-8.83%,具有较高的精度。

物之使用利益的损害赔偿研究

权利人的物因遭受他人侵害毁损、灭失,该物在修理、重置过程中,权利人丧失对物的正常使用,导致使用利益受损。我国《民法典》中并无使用利益损害赔偿的一般性规定,司法实践中却存在大量相关案例,因此研究物之使用利益损害赔偿的原理与规则有其必要性。侵害物之使用利益能否构成侵权的关键点在于使用利益是否为受侵权法保护的民事权益。而权利人能否请求损害赔偿,还须证明使用利益遭受侵害时确实存在财产上的损害。无损害即无赔偿,但并非所有的损害都必然会得到填补,因此对物之使用利益的损害的具体赔偿仍需区分探讨:将物分为具有经营性目的的物和不具有经营性目的的物,对于不具有经营性目的的物可根据是否支出替代费用细化区分,没有实际支出替代费用的还须再判断其是否为生活必需品。

直升机整体式惯性粒子分离器研究现状

整体式惯性粒子分离器是一种直升机进气防护装置,其性能优异、应用广泛,对于保护直升机发动机、延长其使用寿命具有重要意义。本文从4个方面对整体式惯性粒子分离器的研究现状进行归纳总结,包括:总结了现有直升机进气防护装置的类型及相关气动参数,梳理了整体式惯性粒子分离器现有的研究方法及取得的相关成果,分析了影响整体式惯性粒子分离器工作性能的因素,并展望了整体式惯性粒子分离器未来的发展方向。研究成果可为今后开展整体式惯性粒子分离器研究及优化设计提供一定参考。

不同进水方式对大型水体储热效率的影响

目的针对大型水体跨季节储热时间不匹配问题,分析不同进水方式对储热效率的影响,减少储热过程中的热量损失。方法利用CFD数值模拟软件建立水体储热的分析模型,研究水体储热过程中的热交换规律,以及单双进水口、水平间距、动态进水、流速等因素对水体储热效果的影响。结果进水总流量越小,内部水体温度分层越好;在相同的储热时间内,双进水口方式效率最佳,水体内部平均温度至少比单一进水和动态进水高出16.83%,储热效率分别提高了9.89%和16.14%;相比单一进水口,双进水口方式火用损失降低了21.97%;进水管之间距离越小,水体储热效率越高。结论进水方式对水体储热效率影响至关重要,进水管道越靠近中轴线,采用小流量、双开口的进水形式储热效率越好。

有限回采空间内贫矿资源无底柱分段崩落法低贫损开采方案研究

做好无底柱分段崩落法的贫损控制对于矿山经济效益及环境保护具有重要意义,但当矿床开采条件复杂、矿石品位较低时,矿石贫损控制难度将会大幅增加,在此条件下如何做好矿石贫损控制一直是崩落法开采方向的重要关注点。金川龙首矿西二采区无底柱分段崩落法采场仅可布置4个分段,回采空间十分有限,不利于矿石的贫损控制,加之西二采区矿石品位较低但经济价值较高,因此在开采过程中需要严格控制矿石贫损。针对西二采区的复杂开采条件及贫损控制需求,提出了一种“首采分段总量控制出矿、中间分段低贫化出矿、最末分段低贫化出矿+辅助进路回收残留矿石”的组合式低贫损回采方案。以西二采区为工程背景,设计并制作了一种高仿真度的物理放矿模型并对该方案展开了试验研究。结果表明:即便是在暂时不考虑回收最末分段残留矿石的情况下,该方案可使西二采区崩落法采场的矿石回收率达到75.6%,而废石混入率仅为6.0%,在确保矿石回收率的基础上显著降低了矿石贫化。该方案在现场应用后,实际的矿石回收指标与试验结果基本接近,表明该方案在西二采区有限回采空间内实现了贫矿资源低成本、高质量回收的总体目标。

基于双通道生成对抗网络的城市用电负荷缺失数据补全方法

用电负荷数据的完整性与有效性在负荷预测等应用中具有重要意义。传统的缺失数据补全方法缺乏对用电负荷和多种外部时空关联信息的挖掘,难以获得高精度的补全结果。文中提出了一种双通道生成对抗网络,对缺失的负荷数据进行补全。首先,根据负荷的周期性变化特征和时空关联性构建三阶负荷张量,并将影响负荷变化的多种外部因素构建为三阶辅助信息张量。然后,为满足两种张量的双输入需求,在生成对抗网络的输入层引入双通道机制,通过卷积与反卷积运算提取张量的特征;为提升网络对张量数据的训练效果和补全精度,将张量分解损失引入原始损失函数,并采用改进的混沌映射粒子群优化算法联合优化超参数和网络。最后,在真实负荷数据集上开展数据补全实验。结果表明,所提方法能够对随机缺失率不超过50%、连续缺失不超过3天的负荷数据进行准确补全。

基于“脾失运化”探讨运脾法调节多囊卵巢综合征内质网应激作用

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是临床常见的异质性疾病,生殖障碍和代谢异常为本病两大病理特征。内质网应激指的是由于多种因素导致未折叠和(或)蛋白质聚集,通过恢复蛋白质正确的折叠方式的一种真核细胞的适应性反应。通过对脾主运化理论的古籍文献梳理发现,脾脏运化水谷,将精微物质布散周身的功能与现代医学中内质网在细胞中的重要作用有着类似之处,即通过承担蛋白质折叠和钙储存等多项任务,保证细胞能够正常发挥生理功能。若脾失运化,痰湿阻滞是本病的核心病机,现代研究认为内质网应激能够较好地阐释脾失运化的发生学原理,这与中医学的病机认识相同。因本病的发病机制与内质网应激存在相似之处,即其发生发展均与炎症、氧化应激、雄激素过多和胰岛素合成及分泌异常等相关。内质网应激的发生可能在PCOS的疾病进展中扮演着重要角色。运脾法能够延缓内质网应激的发生,同时也可有效缓解PCOS的肥胖、胰岛素代偿性增高等相关特征。因此,缓解内质网应激有望成为治疗本病的新思路。健运脾气,补益脾阳为本病治疗大法,从恢复脾运的角度调控内质网应激,以期为改善PCOS相关临床症状提供不同的治疗角度。

大华会计师事务所声誉损失的影响研究——基于会计师事务所和投资者视角

近些年来会计师事务所声誉损失事件层出不穷,造成了严重的经济后果,也为审计市场带来了前所未有的声誉危机。本文在对大华会计师事务所声誉损失事件介绍的基础上,利用案例分析法和事件分析法分别从会计师事务所自身和投资者视角对会计师事务所声誉损失造成的影响进行研究。结果表明会计师事务所声誉损失会导致事务所自身降低审计收费、客户流失率上升等。同时,会导致大华会计师事务所客户股价产生累计平均异常收益率的负向波动。最后提出相关建议。