The Effect of Queuing Mechanisms First in First out (FIFO), Priority Queuing (PQ) and Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) on Network’s Routers and Applications

The paper presents the simulation results of the comparison of three Queuing Mechanisms, First in First out (FIFO), Priority Queuing (PQ), and Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ). Depending on their effects on the network’s Routers, the load of any algorithm of them over Router’s CPUs and memory usage, the delay occurred between routers when any algorithm has been used and the network application throughput. This comparison explains that, PQ doesn’t need high specification hardware (memory and CPU) but when used it is not fair, because it serves one application and ignore the other application and FIFO mechanism has smaller queuing delay, otherwise PQ has bigger delay.

Mobile-Service Based Max-Min Fairness Resource Scheduling for Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks

This paper investigates the resource scheduling for heterogeneous vehicular networks, where some moving vehicles are selected and scheduled as helping relays to assist information transmission between the roadside infrastructure and other moving vehicles. For such a system, we propose a mobile-service based max-min fairness resource scheduling scheme, where service amount which is more suitable for high mobility scenarios is adopted to characterize the information transmission capacity of the links and the max-min criteria is adopted to meet the fairness requirement of the moving vehicles. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. It is shown that our proposed scheme archives higher throughput and better fairness compared with random scheduling scheme and non-relaying scheme.

Fairness-Oriented Hybrid Precoding for Massive MIMO Maritime Downlink Systems with Large-Scale CSIT

Different from conventional cellular networks, a maritime communication base station(BS) has to cover a much wider area due to the limitation of available BS sites. Accordingly the performance of users far away from the BS is poor in general. This renders the fairness among users a challenging issue for maritime communications. In this paper, we consider a practical massive MIMO maritime BS with hybrid digital and analog precoding. Only the large-scale channel state information at the transmitter(CSIT) is considered so as to reduce the implementation complexity and overhead of the system. On this basis, we address the problem of fairness-oriented precoding design. A max-min optimization problem is formulated and solved in an iterative way. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme performs much better than conventional hybrid precoding algorithms in terms of minimum achievable rate of all the users, for the typical three-ray maritime channel model.

DMMF: Dominant and Max-Min Fair Allocation in Satellite Networks

Resource allocation is crucial for satellite networks. In this paper, we propose a multi-resource fair allocation scheme, namely Dominant and Max-min Fair(DMMF), to efficiently and fairly allocate resources. It consists of two allocation stages, dominant resource fair(DRF) allocation stage and max-min fairness(MMF) allocation stage. The proposed DMMF scheme exhibits desirable properties, including share incentive, strategy proofness, envy freeness and Pareto optimality. Meanwhile, DMMF can improve the allocation efficiency and reach 100% allocation efficiency.

Max-Min Fair RIS-Aided Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Multigroup Multicast Communications

Rate-splitting multiple access(RSMA)can cope with a wide range of propagation conditions in multigroup multicast communications through rate splitting optimization.To breakthrough the grouprate limited bottleneck,reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)technique can be introduced to assist wireless communications through enhancing the channel quality.In RIS-aided RSMA multigroup multicasting,how to provide fair and high-quality multiuser service under power and spectrum constraints is essential.In this paper,we propose a max-min fair RIS-aided rate-splitting multiple access(MMF-RISRSMA)scheme for multigroup multicast communications,where the rate fairness is obtained by maximizing the minimum group-rate.In doing so,we jointly optimize the beamformers,the rate splitting vector at the transmitter,as well as the phase shifts at RIS.To solve it,we divide the original optimization problem into two subproblems and alternately optimize the variables.The beamforming and rate splitting optimization subproblem is solved by using the successive convex approximation technique.The phase shift optimization subproblem is solved through the penalty function method to achieve a rank-one locally optimal solution.Simulations demonstrate that the proposed MMF-RIS-RSMA scheme can obtain significant performance gain in terms of the minimum group-rate.

A NEW ABR CONGESTION CONTROL ALGORITHM ACHIEVING FAIRNESS UNDER SEVERAL CRITERIA

All ABR congestion control algorithms reported are designed to achieve max-min fairness. In this paper, a new algorithm named dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm is presented. Under the same framework, the algorithm can achieve fairness under several given criteria. Simulation result shows that the new algorithm works well under various network configurations, various traffic classes, and scale well to LANs or WANs.

Weighted De-Synchronization Based Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks

Considering the exponential growth of wireless devices with datastarving applications fused with artificial intelligence,the significance of wireless network scalability using distributed behavior and fairness among users is a crucial feature in guaranteeing reliable service to numerous users in the network environment.TheKuramoto model is described as nonlinear selfsustained phase oscillators spinning at varying intrinsic frequencies connected through the sine of their phase differences and displays a phase transition at a specific coupling strength,in which a mutual behavior is accomplished.In this work,we apply the Kuramoto model to achieve a weighted fair resource allocation in a wireless network,where each user has different quality of service(QoS)requirements.Because the original Kuramoto model is the synchronization model,we propose a new weighting parameter for representing requirement of each node resource and modify the Kuramoto model to achieveweighted fair resource allocation for users with different QoS requirements.The proposed modified Kuramoto model allocates all users the resource based on their weight among contending nodes in a distributed manner.We analyze the convergence condition for the proposed model,and the results reveal that the proposed algorithm achieves aweighted fair resource allocation and with potentially high convergence speed compared to previous algorithm.

分层多播中加权max-min公平准则的研究

针对分层多播会话与TCP会话共存网络的公平性问题,本文提出了一种新的加权max-min公平准则。定义了分层多播加权max-min公平的概念,给出了具体的分层算法,为分层多播在公平性原则下的有效实施提供了保障。

基于Fair函数的电力系统抗差估计

为了得到既有较强抗差性又有较高效率的估值,提出一种基于F a ir函数的抗差状态估计算法。抗差最小二乘估计通过等价权把抗差估计原理与加权最小二乘(W LS)形式有机结合起来,提出了将F a ir函数通过等价权应用于抗差估计,使抗差和状态估计在计算中一次完成。仿真算例表明,该方法可以有效减小或消除粗差的影响,收敛速度快。

RIS-Aided Constant-Envelope Beamforming for Multiuser Wireless Power Transfer:A Max-Min Approach

As a revolutionary hardware technology that can reconfigure the propagation environment,reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs)have been regarded as a promising solution to enhance wireless networks.In this paper,we consider a multiuser multiple-input single-output(MISO)wireless power transfer(WPT)system,which is assisted by several RISs.In order to improve energy efficiency and reduce hardware cost,we consider that the energy transmitter(ET)in the WPT system is equipped with a constant-envelope analog beamformer,instead of a digital beamformer.Focusing on user fairness,we study a minimum received power maximization problem by jointly optimizing the ET beamforming and the RIS phase shifts,subject to the constant-envelope constraints.We iteratively solve this non-convex maxmin problem by leveraging both the successive convex approximation(SCA)method and the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)algorithm.Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and show attractive performance gain brought by RISs.

On Fair Prices of a Contingent Claim with Random Interval Payoff

In order to get the price of a contingent claim with random interval payoff, a concept of fair price was proposed based on weighted expected utility maximization. After setting up a programming model of maximizing the weighted expected utility involving basic securities and contingent claim,and using techniques in optimization analysis,explicit expressions of the fair price interval for a contingent claim were derived. Relations between acceptable price interval and fair price interval were discussed. It is shown that all fair prices fit the demand for acceptability of a market.

A Service Ratio-Based Dynamic Fair Queueing Algorithm for Packet-Switching Networks

A new weighted fair queueing algorithm is proposed, which uses the novel flow-based service ratio parameters to schedule flows. This solves the main drawback of traditional weighted fair queneing algorithms- the packet-based calculation of the weight parameters. In addition, this paper proposes a novel service ratio calculation method and a queue mangement technology. The former adjusts the service ratio parameters adaptively based on the dynamics of the packet lengths and thee solves the unfairness problem induced by the variable packet length. The latter improves the utilization of the server＇s queue buffer and reduces the delay jitter through restricting the buffer length for each flow.

基于NOMA的室内可见光通信最优功率分配方案

在基于非正交多址接入技术的多用户下行室内可见光通信(Visible light communication system based on non⁃orthogonal multiple access technology,VLC⁃NOMA)系统中,针对和速率与用户公平性冲突的问题,提出一种基于加权和速率最大化的迭代功率分配方案。该方案以最大化加权和速率为目标,可通过改变权重因子来调节用户公平性。由于目标问题属于非凸优化问题,通过辅助变量法和凸优化理论将该非凸问题转化为凹问题,再通过拉格朗日对偶法进行求解,并根据问题的解设计了一种迭代功率分配算法。对所提算法的收敛性、系统和速率以及用户公平性进行了仿真。结果表明,所提迭代功率分配算法具有良好的收敛性,相较于VLC⁃OMA系统,VLC⁃NOMA系统能够获得更好的和速率性能。通过调整权重因子,在牺牲较小系统和速率的情况下能够获得比现有功率分配方案更好的系统和速率与用户公平性。

基于分层需水的水资源均衡配置研究

水资源配置是缓解区域水资源供需矛盾、均衡水与发展的关键措施。根据新时期水资源精细化管理的有关要求,以农业、工业、生活、生态用水户为对象,基于分层需水相关理论和已有成果,提出了刚性需水、弹性需水的计算方法;综合考虑社会、经济、环境效益,构建了面向分层需水的水资源优化配置模型,采用NSGA-Ⅲ算法与EMW-TOPSIS法求解得到4种效益配置方案;以用水基尼系数表征配置单元间、用水户间的用水公平性,对非劣解集内配置方案的用水公平性进行评价,筛选出兼顾用水公平和效益的均衡配置方案;最后以宁夏回族自治区为典型研究区,进行案例应用。结果表明:均衡配置方案下,2025年宁夏全区总缺水量为10.74×10^(8)m^(3),经济效益为2182.6×10^(8)元,污染物排放量为162.78 t,该方案对应的全区用水基尼系数为0.98,配置单元间、不同用水户间用水公平性较高;与现状年相比,均衡配置方案对应的全区地下水开采量减少了0.91×10^(8)m^(3),降幅超过16.1%,地下水供水量占总供水量比例下降1.3%,进一步优化了自治区供水结构。本研究提出的水资源均衡配置思路与方法可为水资源短缺地区均衡配置提供借鉴,也可为新时期落实水资源刚性约束制度提供技术支撑。

三次均匀有理B样条曲线的权因子优化光顺算法

给出了一种使三次均匀有理Ｂ样条曲线光顺的权因子优化算法，通过优化计算，得到了光顺曲线的权因子。本文采用了非线性优化技术计算光顺曲线的权因子。

考虑公平权重的云服务供应商选择

为解决医疗、金融、能源、制造等不同产业与云计算技术结合所面临的公共问题,即云服务供应商选择问题,从技术和技术管理两个视角构建了云服务供应商选择的指标体系。设计了证据推理框架下的不确定多属性供应商选择模型,依托该模型提出涵盖均方差、离差、熵、相关性四种离散度测度的公平属性权重确定方法,讨论并理论证明了方法的性质,进而产生相应的云服务供应商选择结果。通过实例验证了该方法的有效性与应用性。

基于加权破产博弈模型的跨境流域水资源分配研究

基于公平合理利用视角,将多准则决策模型与破产理论相结合探讨跨境水资源分配问题。通过梳理国际水法,设计了跨境流域水资源公平合理分配的指标体系,采用投影法解决这一多准则决策问题,并依此加权调整流域国用水需求。在加权调整用水需求和考虑议价能力的基础上,基于破产博弈模型探讨跨境流域水资源分配问题,以提高分配方案的公平合理性和可接受性。最后以澜沧江-湄公河流域的水资源分配为例进行研究,得到了澜沧江-湄公河旱季的水资源分配方案,并分析了需求加权调整系数对各流域国水资源分配的影响,进一步验证了分配模型的可靠性。

加权T－图的保性变换

Ｐｅｔｒｉ网的保性化简是Ｐｅｔｒｉ例分析的一种重要途径．Ｍａｒａｔａ等对活的和安全的标识Ｔ－图提出了系统的化简运算体系．蒋昌俊对加权Ｔ－图提出了若干种化简运算，这些化商运算能够保持网的结构有界性、守恒性、可重复性和相容性，但未涉及活性和公平性的保持问题．本文提出对加权Ｔ－图的另一类保性化简，这些化简运算可以保持网的结构活性和公平性．

基于光顺优化的NURBS曲线权因子估计方法

基于弹性均匀细梁的应力能和扰动能的光顺优化 ,提出了 NU RBS曲线权因子的一种估计方法 :将应力能和扰动能离散化 ,得到一个泛函 ,对此泛函极小化而得权因子 .同时 ,文中给出的极小泛函统一了目前文献中出现的一类不同光顺标准 .为了减少导数的计算量 ,文中采用了 NU RBS曲线的矩阵表示 ,最后 ,通过数值算例比较了各种光顺标准的优劣 .