During the development phase horizontal wells are very efficient way to improve the production in the deep coal bed methane. The 8# coal seam in the XX block on the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin has challenges such ...During the development phase horizontal wells are very efficient way to improve the production in the deep coal bed methane. The 8# coal seam in the XX block on the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin has challenges such as deep burial depth (>2000 m), thin coal sweet spot (3 m), and significant short-distance structural fluctuations. The challenges caused a high risk of missing targets and running out of the target layers, as well as difficulties in cementing and completion due to uneven well trajectories. To address these challenges, this paper focuses on solving the issues through detailed precise geological modeling, optimized trajectory design, and accurate seismic geology Steerable Drilling. 1) Based on reasonable velocity field construction and Time-Depth transformation, a precise directional model is constructed using the layer-by-layer approximation principle with reference to marker layers, improving the accuracy of the target spot and avoiding premature or delayed entry into the target;2) Based on a precise geological model, the dip angle of the strata ahead and the development of sweet spots are clearly defined, enabling optimized trajectory design for horizontal wells;3) Using “1 + N” dynamic modeling to update the geological model in real-time during the drilling process, and actively guide the drill bit through the horizontal segment smoothly by using multi-information judgment of the drill bit position. The actual drilling of 80 completed horizontal wells in this area show: That this approach effectively ensures the smooth trajectory and high-quality drilling rate of the horizontal well in the coal seam, providing a basis for subsequent hydraulic fracturing and increasing single-well production. At the same time, it has certain potential value and significance for similar coalbed methane developments under similar geological conditions.展开更多
This paper studies the exciton-longitudinal-optical-phonon coupling in InGaN/GaN single quantum wells with various cap layer thicknesses by low temperature photoluminescence （PL） measurements. With increasing cap la...This paper studies the exciton-longitudinal-optical-phonon coupling in InGaN/GaN single quantum wells with various cap layer thicknesses by low temperature photoluminescence （PL） measurements. With increasing cap layer thickness, the PL peak energy shifts to lower energy and the coupling strength between the exciton and longitudinal- optical （LO） phonon, described by Huang-Rhys factor, increases remarkably due to an enhancement of the internal electric field. With increasing excitation intensity, the zero-phonon peak shows a blueshift and the Huang-Rhys factor decreases. These results reveal that there is a large built-in electric field in the well layer and the exciton-LO-phonon coupling is strongly affected by the thickness of the cap layer.展开更多
Traditional fluid production profile logging is not usually suitable for heavy-viscous crude oil wells.Biodegradation of heavy oil can lead to the loss of n-alkanes,and the use of chromatogram fingerprint techniques i...Traditional fluid production profile logging is not usually suitable for heavy-viscous crude oil wells.Biodegradation of heavy oil can lead to the loss of n-alkanes,and the use of chromatogram fingerprint techniques in studying the production contributions of single layers in heavy oil commingled wells has limitations.However,aromatic compounds are relatively well preserved.We took the heavy oil commingled wells of small layers NG55 and NG61 in the ninth area of the Gudong oil field as examples.Based on the principle of chromatography,the whole-oil GC-MS was used,and the aromatic parameters which have a strongly linear relationship with the ratio of mixed two end member oils were verified and selected in laboratory.Studies showed that the ratio of （1,4,6-＋ 2,3,6-trimethylnaphthalene） to 1,2,5-trimethylnaphthalene has a strongly linear relationship with the ratio of the mixed two end member oils （R2=0.992）.The oil contributions from single layers NG55 and NG61 in six commingled heavy oil wells were calculated using established charts and this relationship.The calculated results are consistent with the results of long period dynamic monitoring and logging interpretation in the study area and can provide a scientific basis for monitoring production performance and hierarchical management of reservoirs.The study provides a new geochemical method for calculation of the contributions of single layers in heavy oil commingled wells when conventional fluid production profile logging is not suitable.展开更多
Strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum well (QW) was grown by low-pressuremetallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Growth interruption and strain buffer layer wereintroduced to improve the photoluminescence (PL) perform...Strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum well (QW) was grown by low-pressuremetallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Growth interruption and strain buffer layer wereintroduced to improve the photoluminescence (PL) performance of the InGaAs/GaAs quantum well. GoodPL results were obtained under condition of growth an interruption of 10 s combined with a moderatestrain buffer layer. Wavelength lasers of 1064 nm using the QW were grown and processed intodevices. Broad area lasers (100 μm x 500 μm) show very low threshold current densities (43 A/cm^2)and high slop efficiency (0.34 W/A, per facet).展开更多
文摘During the development phase horizontal wells are very efficient way to improve the production in the deep coal bed methane. The 8# coal seam in the XX block on the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin has challenges such as deep burial depth (>2000 m), thin coal sweet spot (3 m), and significant short-distance structural fluctuations. The challenges caused a high risk of missing targets and running out of the target layers, as well as difficulties in cementing and completion due to uneven well trajectories. To address these challenges, this paper focuses on solving the issues through detailed precise geological modeling, optimized trajectory design, and accurate seismic geology Steerable Drilling. 1) Based on reasonable velocity field construction and Time-Depth transformation, a precise directional model is constructed using the layer-by-layer approximation principle with reference to marker layers, improving the accuracy of the target spot and avoiding premature or delayed entry into the target;2) Based on a precise geological model, the dip angle of the strata ahead and the development of sweet spots are clearly defined, enabling optimized trajectory design for horizontal wells;3) Using “1 + N” dynamic modeling to update the geological model in real-time during the drilling process, and actively guide the drill bit through the horizontal segment smoothly by using multi-information judgment of the drill bit position. The actual drilling of 80 completed horizontal wells in this area show: That this approach effectively ensures the smooth trajectory and high-quality drilling rate of the horizontal well in the coal seam, providing a basis for subsequent hydraulic fracturing and increasing single-well production. At the same time, it has certain potential value and significance for similar coalbed methane developments under similar geological conditions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60876007 and 10974165)the Research Program of Xiamen Municipal Science and Technology Bureau,China (Grant No. 2006AA03Z110)
文摘This paper studies the exciton-longitudinal-optical-phonon coupling in InGaN/GaN single quantum wells with various cap layer thicknesses by low temperature photoluminescence （PL） measurements. With increasing cap layer thickness, the PL peak energy shifts to lower energy and the coupling strength between the exciton and longitudinal- optical （LO） phonon, described by Huang-Rhys factor, increases remarkably due to an enhancement of the internal electric field. With increasing excitation intensity, the zero-phonon peak shows a blueshift and the Huang-Rhys factor decreases. These results reveal that there is a large built-in electric field in the well layer and the exciton-LO-phonon coupling is strongly affected by the thickness of the cap layer.
基金supported by the Gudong Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oilfield Subsidiary Company,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Project 2013M530681)Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation(Project 2013CFB394)
文摘Traditional fluid production profile logging is not usually suitable for heavy-viscous crude oil wells.Biodegradation of heavy oil can lead to the loss of n-alkanes,and the use of chromatogram fingerprint techniques in studying the production contributions of single layers in heavy oil commingled wells has limitations.However,aromatic compounds are relatively well preserved.We took the heavy oil commingled wells of small layers NG55 and NG61 in the ninth area of the Gudong oil field as examples.Based on the principle of chromatography,the whole-oil GC-MS was used,and the aromatic parameters which have a strongly linear relationship with the ratio of mixed two end member oils were verified and selected in laboratory.Studies showed that the ratio of （1,4,6-＋ 2,3,6-trimethylnaphthalene） to 1,2,5-trimethylnaphthalene has a strongly linear relationship with the ratio of the mixed two end member oils （R2=0.992）.The oil contributions from single layers NG55 and NG61 in six commingled heavy oil wells were calculated using established charts and this relationship.The calculated results are consistent with the results of long period dynamic monitoring and logging interpretation in the study area and can provide a scientific basis for monitoring production performance and hierarchical management of reservoirs.The study provides a new geochemical method for calculation of the contributions of single layers in heavy oil commingled wells when conventional fluid production profile logging is not suitable.
文摘Strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum well (QW) was grown by low-pressuremetallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Growth interruption and strain buffer layer wereintroduced to improve the photoluminescence (PL) performance of the InGaAs/GaAs quantum well. GoodPL results were obtained under condition of growth an interruption of 10 s combined with a moderatestrain buffer layer. Wavelength lasers of 1064 nm using the QW were grown and processed intodevices. Broad area lasers (100 μm x 500 μm) show very low threshold current densities (43 A/cm^2)and high slop efficiency (0.34 W/A, per facet).
