Research on Well Testing Interpretation of Low Permeability Deformed Dual Medium Reservoir

Considering the influence of quadratic gradient term and medium deformation on the seepage equation, a well testing interpretation model for low permeability and deformation dual medium reservoirs was derived and established. The difference method was used to solve the problem, and pressure and pressure derivative double logarithmic curves were drawn to analyze the seepage law. The research results indicate that the influence of starting pressure gradient and medium deformation on the pressure characteristic curve is mainly manifested in the middle and late stages. The larger the value, the more obvious the upward warping of the pressure and pressure derivative curve;the parameter characterizing the dual medium is the crossflow coefficient. The channeling coefficient determines the time and location of the appearance of the “concave”. The smaller the value, the later the appearance of the “concave”, and the more to the right of the “concave”.

中深层稠油水平井前置CO_(2)蓄能压裂技术

利用准噶尔盆地西北缘乌夏地区中深层稠油油藏参数,对水平井前置CO_(2)蓄能压裂技术的开发机理、关键操作参数及开发效果进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:①伴随压裂—焖井—生产等开发阶段的延伸,前置CO_(2)蓄能压裂后的油井逐步显现出增能改造、扩散降黏、膨胀补能、释压成泡沫油流等特性,井底流压提高了2~4MPa,CO_(2)扩散至油藏的1/3,原油黏度降至500mPa·s以下,泡沫油流明显;②研究区最优压裂段间距为60m、裂缝半长为90m、裂缝导流能力为10t/m,CO_(2)最佳注入强度为1.5m3/m,注入速度为1.8m3/min,油井焖井时间为30d,油藏采收率提高了2%~3%;③通过与常规压裂生产效果进行对比,前置CO_(2)蓄能压裂技术可使产油量提高5.2t/d,预测CO_(2)换油率达2.45,开发效果显著提升。

提高油气田采收率技术协同方法与应用

阐述了提高油气采收率技术协同方法的内涵,研究形成了“3+2”(三次采油和二次采油)协同大幅度提高高含水老油田采收率技术,提出了“3+2”提高采收率技术政策。建立了多元热复合技术协同大幅度提高稠油采收率方法,研究提出的提高油气田采收率技术协同方法在矿场应用,难开采稠油采收率提高了21.9%。多元热复合开发与分支井技术协同应用成功将稠油黏度动用上限扩展到750000 mPa·s,储层厚度动用下限突破到1.5 m。提出了下一步技术协同发展方向:低渗透油藏压驱-注水协同开发、缝洞型油藏气-水-井网协同提高采收率、老油田油藏-井筒-地面一体化开采以及页岩气复合排水采气。

中深层水平连通地热井取热特性研究

高效取热技术是实现地热效益化开发的关键,建立了水平连通地热井数值仿真模型,计算了连续开采和间歇开采工况下的出口流体温度和换热量,研究了注入温度、注入流量、水平段长度对系统换热性能和岩层温度恢复能力的影响。结果表明,随着注入流量增加,地热井出口水温下降,但整个系统换热量提高;当注入温度较高时,可有效提高出口水温,但系统换热量降低较大;随着水平段长度增加,出口水温和换热量逐渐上升,换热性能提高;岩层温度恢复能力随注入流量和注入温度的增加而提高。综合考虑钻井成本、水泵功耗等因素,适量增加注入流量、降低注入温度、增加水平段长度能有效提高水平连通换热井的换热性能;虽然高的注入温度可提升岩层温度恢复能力,但不利于提高系统换热性能。

破碎矿体中深孔爆破一次成井技术

中关铁矿采场切割井施工原采用人工掘进等传统方法,但该法存在安全系数较低、作业场所环境差、劳动强度大且效率低等诸多弊端。随着采矿工艺技术的发展和提高,爆破一次成井法因安全性高、成井速度快、效率较高且经济实用逐渐被广泛应用。为提高中关铁矿切割井施工效率并降低掘进成本,根据中关铁矿实际情况,制定了中深孔爆破一次成井方案。通过研究中深孔掏槽爆破机理,确保爆破过程中有足够的补偿空间;装药孔和空孔呈交叉“正方形”布置,共23个,其中,13个装药孔,10个空孔,对不同类型的孔设置孔径和延期时间,并通过补偿系数的计算验证布孔方式的合理性;同时根据巷道爆破危害管理规定,确定了最佳爆破药量,最终实现了切割井爆破一次成井。现场实际应用表明,中深孔爆破一次成井技术在中关铁矿具有很好的适用性,提高了切割井成井速度和质量,减少了施工安全隐患,保证了矿山安全生产,同时为类似的切割井爆破工程提供了借鉴。

海上油田中深井多段优快爆燃压裂技术优化与应用

海上油田中深井实施爆燃压裂技术将产生较高峰值压力,易造成施工管柱破坏、电缆断裂等安全问题,并存在作业时效及作业效果较差等难题。针对爆燃压裂难点,研发了低燃速、耐175℃高温、耐72 MPa高压爆燃压裂推进剂火药,可满足海上油田中深井高温高压储层要求;优化形成了中深井电缆传输爆燃压裂工艺,作业时效相对于油管传输爆燃压裂至少可提高8倍以上,同时能够有效保证每米储层火药质量,所采用的高强度电缆和电缆井口防喷器解决了系列安全风险问题。优化形成的海上油田中深井多段优快爆燃压裂技术,在海上油田L-10a、X-B6井进行了现场试验,具有作业安全性高、时效快、效果好等优点,可为国内外类似中深井储层改造技术应用提供借鉴。

山西晋中地区地下水取水井空间分布特征分析

为实现水资源统一管理、合理开发利用地下水资源,对晋中地区地下水取水井进行了调查研究,并通过规模、用途、密度、地形地貌、地下水类型、行政区划、水资源分区七大类分类分析了空间分布特征。结果表明,晋中取水井以规模以上机电井为主,开采深度以100(含)~200m为主,成井时间以1991—2022年为主,整体属低密度区,但平川区规模以上机电井密度较高,存在取水井空间分布不平衡、开采深度较深、平川区超采、超采和潜力并存等特征。

海上超长水平裸眼井充填防砂工艺研究与应用

海上油田受平台布置及空间的限制,水平井开发越发受到重视,其中超长水平裸眼井(水平长度≥800.0 m)由于其储层利用率高、泄流面积大、单井投入产出比高等优点,成为海上油田高效开发的有效途径之一。然而对于有防砂完井需求的井次,由于水平段长砾石充填往往面临井壁易垮塌、漏失风险大、易起砂桥等风险,充填防砂效果难以保证。本文以南海西部D油田充填防砂为例,开展地层漏失、充填介质、施工摩阻等因素对砾石充填防砂的影响,同步对充填介质及关键工艺进行优化、改进。优化后的工艺降低超长水平裸眼井作业施工风险,矿场试验平均充填效率超107.0%,防砂效果可靠,具有较好的推广应用价值。

中深孔一次爆破成井悬顶爆破处理技术研究

随着井下作业设备大型化、机械化的推进,普通法施工天井工艺将逐步被中深孔一次爆破成井工艺所淘汰,由于地质条件的多变性、中深孔凿岩偏斜率难以控制等问题,中深孔一次爆破成井偶尔会出现顶部未爆出而悬顶现象。为安全处理该问题,马坑铁矿运用药室爆破原理分析,确定合理的装药量,并经实际应用后,成功解决中深孔一次爆破成井悬顶问题,该处理方式解决井下天井悬顶处理难度大的问题,保证了矿山生产安全及稳定。

通许县中深层地热资源特征及潜力分析

地热资源是一种清洁可再生的能源,对于调整能源结构应对气候变化有重要作用。根据通许县所处区域构造位置,分析了研究区地温梯度变化规律。通过对地热地质条件、热储结构和热储层特征的分析研究,得出热储层主要为新近系松散岩类孔隙热储层和寒武—奥陶系岩溶裂隙热储层。采用水头允许降深法计算了热储层储存热量,新近系热储层储存热能总量为2176.48×10^(16) J,折合标准煤74263×10^(4) t;寒武—奥陶系岩溶裂隙热储层储存热能总量为7347.28×10^(16) J,折合标准煤250696×10^(4) t。采用热突破公式计算回灌条件下地热流体可开采量,新近系热储层可采热量7.21×10^(13) kJ/a,折合标准煤246.01×10^(4) t/a;寒武—奥陶系岩溶裂隙热储层可采热量24.35×10^(13) kJ/a,折合标准煤830.84×10^(4) t/a。对地热井井间距进行了模拟论证,给出了合理的抽灌井井间距,为地热资源的科学开发利用提供了依据。

TWO-PHASE FLOW FOR A HORIZONTAL WELL PENETRATING A NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIR WITH EDGE WATER INJECTION

This paper examines the two-phase flow for a horizontal well penetrating a naturally fractured reservoir with edge water injection by means of a fixed streamlinemodel,The mathematical model of the verical two-dimensional flow or oil-water for a horizontal well in a medium with double-porosity is established ,and whose accuratesolutions are obtained by using the characteristic method .The saturation distributionsin the fractured system and the matrix system as well as the formula of the time of water free production are presented .All these results provide a theoretical basis and a computing method for oil displacement by edge water from naturally fracturedreservirs.

基于LSTM的产能预测方法——以A区长7储层为例

针对研究区目标储层典型页岩油藏物性较差导致全区及中高初产油井产能递减的问题,笔者提出一种长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM),选取研究区生产时间大于48个月全区油井以及中高初产递减型井的平均月生产数据并对其未来4个月的产能进行预测。结果表明,长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)产能预测相比于传统的指数递减规律对产量进行拟合的误差更小,预测结果更为可靠。从而为后期油田生产以及后续开发采取的工程措施提供理论依据。

超稠油多介质协同提高采收率研究

经过多轮次蒸汽吞吐开发,超稠油油藏水平井逐渐出现多重开发矛盾,如井间窜扰严重、水平段动用不均、油井存水率高等,单一驱油介质的辅助效果欠佳。为提升驱油介质的辅助效果,针对超稠油多介质协同提高采收率的技术作了深入研究。研究结果表明,在相同的驱替条件下,尿素+起泡剂的介质组合效果最佳,能起到较好的增能、调剖、降黏等驱油作用。通过油田现场应用,验证了多介质协同技术的有效性。

MODEL AND METHOD OF WELL TEST ANALYSIS FORWELLS WITH VERTICAL FRACTURE

Based on the flow mechanism of hydraulic fractured wells, through integrating linear-flow model and effective well-radius model, a new model of well test analysis for wells with vertical fracture was established. In the model, wellbore storage, the damage in the wall of fracture and all kinds of boundary conditions are considered. The model is concise in form, has intact curves and computes fast, which may meet the demand of real-time computation and fast responded well test interpretation. A new method to determine effective well radius was presented, and the correlation between effective well radius and the fracture length, fracture conductivity, skin factor of fracture was given. Matching flow rate or pressure tested, the optimization model that identified formation and fracture parameters was set up. The automatic matching method was presented by synthetically using step by step linear least square method and sequential quadratic programming. At last, the application was also discussed. Application shows that all of these results can analyze and evaluate the fracturing treatment quality scientifically and rationally, instruct and modify the design of fracturing and improve fracturing design level.

Well-posedness of the time-varying linear electromagnetic initial-boundary value proble

The well-posedness of the initial-boundary value problem of the time-varying linear electromagnetic field in a multi-medium region is investigated. Function spaces are defined, with Faraday＇s law of electromagnetic induction and the initial-boundary conditions considered as constraints. Gauss＇s formula applied to a multi-medium region is used to derive the energy-estimating inequality. After converting the initial-boundary conditions into homogeneous ones and analysing the characteristics of an operator introduced according to the total current law, the existence, uniqueness and stability of the weak solution to the initial-boundary value problem of the time-varying linear electromagnetic field are proved.

Method of Phase Diagrams for the Analysis of Seism-Acoustical Spatial-Time Monitoring Data in Oil Wells

Experimental and theoretical studies of the mechanisms of vibration stimulation of oil recovery in watered fields lead to the conclusion that resonance oscillations develop in fractured-block formations. These oscillations, caused by weak but long-lasting and frequency-stable influences, create the conditions for ultrasonic wave’s generation in the layers, which are capable of destroying thickened oil membranes in reservoir cracks. For fractured-porous reservoirs in the process of exploitation by the method of water high-pressure oil displacement, the possibility of intensifying ultrasonic vibrations can have an important technological significance. Even a very weak ultrasound can destroy, over a long period of time, the viscous oil membranes formed in the cracks between the blocks, which can be the reason for lowering the permeability of the layers and increasing the oil recovery. To describe these effects, it is necessary to consider the wave process in a hierarchically blocky environment and theoretically simulate the mechanism of the appearance of self-oscillations under the action of relaxation shear stresses. For the analysis of seism acoustic response in time on fixed intervals along the borehole an algorithm of phase diagrams of the state of many-phase medium is suggested.

中深层U型埋管换热器数值传热模型精准度影响因素研究

为研究中深层U型对接井地埋管换热器与其周围岩土体传热过程的数值计算模型准确性,文章以实验项目地层与地温特征作为背景,建立了数值传热模型,基于有限差分法将控制方程进行离散求解,并用商用软件对模型进行了验证。定量分析了控制方程的坐标变化系数、数值计算的空间步长、时间步长、径向边界位置以及模拟运行时长等模拟条件变化对模拟结果的影响,为模型研究和工程计算提供了基础数据参考;定量地计算了U型对接井中拐点位置热干扰对换热器出口循环水温度的影响;对用于数值计算的几何模型进行了研究,建立了5种不同的几何模型,其数值计算结果中换热器取热量最大相差54 kW,最小相差0.75 kW,最大偏差超过5%。

国外中高渗透率高含水油田开发技术新进展

中高渗透率高含水油田一般位于成熟油区,具有地质认识清楚、配套设施完善、勘探成功率高、最小经济门槛低等优势。近年来,针对中高渗透率高含水油田采出程度高、产量递减速度快、井况问题严重、吨油生产碳排放量大等难题,国际石油公司着力技术创新和成本控制,在油藏模拟、油气工程、改善水驱、提高采收率等方面持续发力,不断取得新进展。如俄罗斯RFD公司开发的tNavigator油藏模拟平台实现了千万至十亿节点的模拟。水平井多级水力压裂、新型鱼骨刺井、超短半径水平井等油气工程技术促进了老油田增产稳产。智能水驱技术因其特有的经济性、环境友好性及高效性,引起广泛关注。纳米智能驱油技术有望解决聚驱提高采收率技术难以解决的波及效率低、费用高、储层伤害等问题。这些技术对国内中高渗透率高含水油田的持续开发具有积极的借鉴作用。

岩土分层对中深层U型对接井换热性能的影响

中深层U型对接式换热井出水温度高、取热能力大、井内流动阻力小,是理想的中深层地热能换热形式。基于热阻串联理论,建立了中深层U型对接式换热井地下换热的分层解析计算模型,并采用实测结果进行了验证。在建立解析模型的基础上,选取关中盆地作为研究区域,分析了地下3000 m以浅深度范围内的岩土导热系数和体积比热分层变化对中深层U型对接式换热井整个采暖期内出水温度和取热量的影响。结果表明:岩土导热系数分层对地下换热特性有较大影响,根据平均导热系数计算会高估井口出水温度和取热量,偏差值介于6%~15%;岩土体积比热分层对地下换热特性影响较小。在中深层U型对接式换热井的设计和传热性能分析中,应考虑地下分层的影响,建议分层数量不低于8层。

中深层地热井钻具失效分析与应用研究

对中深层地热探采结合井钻具断裂失效事故进行详细的调查研究,采用定性分析方法,从钻井地层、参数、材料及钻具结构等多方面因素进行全面分析,对实际钻进的数据进行统计研究,得出地热井钻具断裂失效的原因,并提出合理的处理措施及预防应对措施。同时,总结经验教训,对现有的钻进工艺进行研究改良,提出针对性的改进方案和新工艺技术,为后续地热生产井的高效钻进提供有利钻井参数,为同类型中深层地热井钻井提供参考依据,避免同类钻具失效事故的再次发生,提高钻井质量。