Scattered Rural Settlements and Development of Mountainous Regions in Western Sichuan,China

Making rural settlements of Mountainous Regions in Western Sichuan as the study objects and using symbolic statistical methods, then combining the case study of Daofu County, the paper analyzes the negative impact of the scattered rural settlements on infrastructure construction, farmers＇ income increase and mountain ecological reconstruction in mountainous regions of western Sichuan. The results indicate that economic density is positively related to both rural settlements density （R^2=0.73） and rural population density （R^2=0.77）, and it is the same for relationship between towns density and rural settlements density （R^2=0.88） and between towns density and economic density （R^2=0.71）, and the scattered distribution pattern of the rural settlements and shortage of economic centers is a major factor to the lagged socioeconomic development. On the eco-economic zoning to Daofu County, the paper indicates the spatial distribution model and the industrial development model of the rural settlements need to be changed, and rural population should be concentrated in larger rural settlements with development of off-farm industries while infrastructure construction is to reinforced.

A New Chronological Report of the Hongshi Breccia-Host Gold Deposit in the Western Qinling Region,China

Objective The western Qinling belongs to the western part of the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogen between the North China Block and South China Block. Multiple orogenic events might be responsible for different types of gold mineralization, making the western Qinling gold region one of the most important gold metallogenic belts in China. This region has demonstrated a total gold resource of 〉500 t and more than ten gold deposits with gold resource of 〉20 t. Almost all gold deposits in the western Qinling gold region can be classified into two distinct genetic types as orogenic （such as the Shuangwang,

Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region Workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Key Elements for Success, Constraints and Future Plans

A workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: development, operationalization, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Constraints to the NPAN process relate to the political and socioeconomic environment, resource scarcity, control and management processes, and factors related to sustainability. The group's review of NPAN identified successful NPANs as those based on recent, adequate and good quality information on the nutritional situation of the country, and on the selection of strategies, priorities and interventions that are relevant to the country and backed up by adequate resources. Continued high level political commitment, a multisectoral approach, and adequate participation of local communities are other key elements for success. The participants agreed on future actions and support needed from various sources for the further development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The recommendations for future actions were categorized into actions pertaining to countries with working NPAN, actions for countries without working NPAN and actions relevant to all countries. There was also a set of suggested actions at the regional level, such as holding of regular regional NPAN evaluation meetings, inclusion of NPAN on the agenda of regional fora by the regional organizations, and strengthening of regional nutrition networks.

Characteristics of crustal variation and extensional break-up in the Western Pacific back-arc region based on a wide-angle seismic profile

The marginal sea and back-arc basins in the Western Pacific Ocean have become the focus of tectonics due to their unique tectonic location.To understand the deep crustal structure in the back-arc region,we present a 545-kmlong active-source ocean bottom seismometer(OBS)wide-angle reflection/refraction profile in the East China Sea.The P wave velocity model shows that the Moho depth rises significantly,from approximately 30 km in the East China Sea shelf to approximately 16 km in the axis of the Okinawa Trough.The lower crustal high-velocity zone(HVZ)in the southern Okinawa Trough,with V_(p) of 6.8-7.3 km/s,is a remarkable manifestation of the mantle material upwelling and accretion to the lower crust.This confirms that the lower crustal high-velocity mantle accretion is developed in the southern Okinawa Trough.During the process of back-arc extension,the crustal structure of the southern Okinawa Trough is completely invaded and penetrated by the upper mantle material in the axis region.In some areas of the southern central graben,the crust may has broken up and entered the initial stage of seafloor spreading.The discontinuous HVZs in the lower crust in the back-arc region also indicate the migration of spreading centers in the back-arc region since the Cenozoic.The asthenosphere material upwelling in the continent-ocean transition zone is constantly driving the lithosphere eastward for episodic extension,and is causing evident tectonic migration in the Western Pacific back-arc region.

Research on central village selection in western underdeveloped region:a case study of Lidian Town,Jingning County,Gansu Province,China

Central village selection is the priority of small town construction.Depending on the development potential analysis,classification analysis,and quantitative and qualitative analysis,this article systematically proposes the specific methods of central village selection and also constructs the indicator system used in central village selection in small towns of western underdeveloped region in China.The article also puts forward ideas and methods for selection of central village in the western underdeveloped region through an empirical research on Lidian Town,Jingning County,Gansu Province.In the final part,suggestions and recommendations on how to develop central village for Lidian Town are made.

Styrax, Emperor’s Cream from the Western Regions

Styrax is also called“emperor’s cream”and“consciousness-regaining spice.”The alias“emperor’s cream”shows its rarity and preciousness with a strong aroma,and another name of“consciousness-regaining spice”implies its functions of active brain and regaining consciousness,dispelling filth with aroma,and relieving pain.The name of“Styrax”displays its complex productive progress and place of origin.With thick quality,heavyweight,and fragrant smell,Styrax gets further application in beauty,skin care,clothes fumigating,and health keeping after introduced into the Central Plains(central China)from the Western Regions.The name of Styrax not only embodies the mellow appeal of spice culture in the Western Regions but also suggests the history of relationship between foreign culture and traditional Chinese medicine.Furthermore,it indicates the broad mind of“all rivers running into sea”and inclusiveness of Chinese culture.

Frontier of Military Defense Buildings in the Western Regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties Based on CiteSpace

Under the guidance of the “the Belt and Road” policy, the academic community continues to study the historical relics of the western regions and military facilities along the silk road in recent years. Focusing on the military defense buildings in the western regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties, CiteSpace software is used to conduct statistical and visual analysis on the hot issues of relevant literature in the military buildings on the silk road. Based on the analysis of frontier hot issues, the research trend of future topics is analyzed and predicted. The research shows that the frontier hot spots of military architecture in the western regions of Han and Tang Dynasties are extensive, and the research trend is steadily rising.

Eurasia Continental Bridge——An Important Link of the Coordinated Development between China's Eastern,Central and Western Regions

The new Eurasia Continental Bridgeruns from East China to Central andWest China, crossing 11 provincesand regions, namely Jiangsu, Shandong,Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi,Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia.The total area is 3.6 million sq km and thepopulation is about 300 million, accountingfor a third and a quarter of the whole countryrespectively. The area is very rich in naturalresources, so it is called an "Economic goldbelt" and "Gold corridor". Aerial remote-control survey indicates that along thecontinental bridge from Lianyungang to theAla Mountains within China’s boundary,

Green transformation path of resources-based enterprises in the western region:A case study of Panjiang Group Co.,Ltd.

With the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources in the traditional resource-based enterprises,the resources-waste,environmental pollution and ecological destruction are becoming more and more serious.Under the background of ecological civilization construction,the green transformation of resource-based enterprises in the western region is extremely urgent.Through the review of related literatures,based on sustainable development theory and dynamic capability theory,the paper study the basic characteristics and difficulties of western resource-based enterprises,and analyze the ecological network and basic path of enterprise.Combined with the actual case,this study analyzes the motivation,conditions,restrictive factors and transition path of resource-based enterprises green transformation in the western regions and then puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the realization of resource-based enterprises green transformation.

Tuntian System in Miao Region of Western Hunan in Independent Subprefecture Period

After the Miao insurgence in the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods,the government of Qing Dynasty directly raised four separate subprefectures to the independent subprefecture( Zhili Ting),and the state power penetrated into villages of Miao People. The success of this strategy lies in adjustment of Qing government to taxation mode in Miao Region of Western Hunan,which formed the taxation mechanism dependent on Tuntian system. This has both the background of the times and the foresight and sagacity of designers,and shows unique rationalist spirit of the Confucian culture.

Promoting East-West Interaction Exclusive interview with Dr.Cao Yushu,Deputy Director of the Office of the Leading Group for Western Region Development at the State Council

Economic growth and environmental "friendliness" are the dual missions of China's grand western development. In the past eight years,China has seen the gap between eastern and western regions still widening while also taking on the arduous task of protecting nature,ecology and environment in the western region. How has western development fared in the past eight years? What difficulties and challenges are being encountered? The development of the western region poses the single greatest difficulty facing China's regional economic development,but how can we advance along a "sound and fast" development path? The establishment of economic zones in Chengdu and Chongqing,Guanzhong and North Bay has opened up new possibilities and expectations for western China's economic development.

Maqianzi (马钱子 Strychnos), A Poisonous Medicinal Native to the Western Regions

Maqianzi(马钱子Strychnos)is also called“Fanmubie(番木鳖),"“Kushi(苦实)”and“QianJi drug(牵机药).”The alias“Fanmubie”shows its origin and its characteristics.The name of“Kushi”implies its taste and flavor.“Qianji Drug vividly shows the clinical manifestations of the poisoning of Maqianzi.The name of“Maqianzi”is the comprehensive display of its characteristic,toxicity,etc.,Maqianzi is famous for its poison,which is often used in the treatment of various intractable diseases.It shows the poison Culture in the Western Regions,meanwhile it also displays the unique charm of Traditional herbs in transforming poison into treasure.

Changes in China's Regional Development Strategy and FDI Policy in Western Region

Chinahaswitnessedremarkableeconomicachievementssinceinitiatingitsreformandopening-uppolicyin1979.However,thewesternregion,coveringsome56percentofChina'sterritoryandaccountingfor50percentofveritieddepositsofmineralresources,hasnotenjoyedthesamedegreeo...

Frankincense,a Special Spice Walking Along the Silk Road

Frankincense is also called“Fumigated land,”“Horsetail spice,”and“Godsend spice.”The alias“Fumigated land”shows its strong fragrance that can cover the whole land.The name of“Horsetail spice”implies its morphologic characteristics and mild effects,and another name of“Godsend spice”indicates its functions of relieving swelling and pain,healing sore,and growing muscle,as if it is the grace donated by God.The name of“Frankincense”displays its complex productive progress.With thick quality and strong fragrance,frankincense acts as daily supplies for religious activities and folk activities due to its low price and a wide range of uses in medicine and daily life.Frankincense shows the infinite charm of spice culture along the Silk Road from the distant Western Regions to the East.At the same time,it enriches the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and becomes one of the most popular spices in both eastern and western,nobility and common.

Biodiversity Assessment of Sugar Beet Species and Its Wild Relatives:Linking Ecological Data with New Genetic Approaches

The value of crop wild relatives has long been acknowledged and this wild resource has been used to improve crop performance with clear economic benefits. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) is the most economically valuable crop species in the order Caryophyllales, B. vulgaris subsp. maritima being the ancestor of the cultivated beets. The wild species of the genus Beta s.l. are commonly found in coastal areas of Europe and Mediterranean Region, where a rich genetic heritage still exists. Broadening the genetic base of sugar beet by introgression with wild relatives is a growing need regarding the maintenance of ecologically important traits. Since wild relatives have adapted to specific habitats, they constitute an important source of novel traits for the beet breeding pool. So, we conducted a broader research project aiming to delimit taxa and identify priority locations to establish genetic reserves of the wild Beta species occurring in Portugal (Western Iberian Peninsula). The aim of this study was: 1) to identify and characterize the main habitats of these wild Beta species;and 2) to present a review of some genetic tools available for future application in sugar beet breeding. In this review, we have focused on EcoTILLING as a molecular tool to assess DNA polymerphisms in wild populations of Beta and identify candidate genes related to drought and salt tolerance, as well as addressed some issues related to next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies as a new molecular tool to assess adaptive genetic variation on the wild relatives of sugar beet.

西部先发地区城市空间扩张特征及驱动因素探析——以陕西省为例

Compared with the stock-land exploitation of developed regions in eastern China,the development path in the western regions still relies on land expansion.Among them,Shaanxi stands out as an early-developing region with the highest comprehensive social and economic development level in the west,presenting a more significant and typical phenomenon of urban expansion.This paper utilizes remote sensing image data and socio-economic statistical data,employing mathematical and statistical analysis methods to examine the types and patterns of urban spatial expansion in Shaanxi over multiple years.It also summarizes the laws of expansion and subsequently delves into the driving factors of the spatial expansion.The result shows that the important driving factors of urban expansion in Shaanxi include natural geographical conditions,the economic development basis,the development of new towns and new areas,the drive of large-scale projects,and the guidance of urban and rural planning.The differences in driving factors between the east and west can be explained by the stages of regional development and the effects of administrative boundaries.This research aims to provide localized insights into the rational regulation of urban spatial evolution and efficient land use in similar regions and late-developing regions inwestern China.