Hydrogen inhibition effect of chitosan and sodium phosphate on ZK60 waste dust in a wet dust removal system:A feasible way to control hydrogen explosion

Wet dust removal systems used to control dust in the polishing or grinding process of Mg alloy products are frequently associated with potential hydrogen explosion caused by magnesium-water reaction.For purpose of avoiding hydrogen explosion risks,we try to use a combination of chitosan(CS)and sodium phosphate(SP)to inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction between magnesium alloy waste dust and water.The hydrogen evolution curves and chemical kinetics modeling for ten different mixing ratios demonstrate that 0.4wt%CS+0.1wt%SP yields the best inhibition efficiency with hydrogen generation rate of almost zero.SEM and EDS analyses indicate that this composite inhibitor can create a uniform,smooth,tight protective film over the surface of the alloy dust particles.FTIR and XRD analysis of the chemical composition of the surface film show that this protective film contains CS and SP chemically adsorbed on the surface of ZK60 but no detectable Mg(OH)_(2),suggesting that magnesium-water reaction was totally blocked.Our new method offers a thorough solution to hydrogen explosion by inhibiting the hydrogen generation of magnesium alloy waste dust in a wet dust removal system.

Surface characteristics and wetting mechanism of respirable coal dust

In this study,FTIR and XPS spectroscopy,specific surface area and pore size analyses,wetting and other experimental means have been applied to investigate respirable coal dust surface properties and wetting mechanism.The research shows that coal dust surface structures,chemical and element compositions are changed in the refining process of coal dust.Compared with large particle coal dust,respirable coal dust is a weak hydrophilic and strong hydrophobic substance.The reason:the smaller the particle size of coal dust,the more unsaturated its surface.The absorption of air is strong and it is easy to form an air film on coal dust surfaces. Coal dust contact with water is actually a compound contact of liquid in contact with a solid and gas in contact with a solid. The smaller the particle size,the larger the pore volume and the higher the degree of surface roughness,the larger the area of gas in contact with a solid and the worse the coal dust wettability.Another reason is that the changes in the composition of atoms on the dust surface and structures affect coal dust wettability.The results of this study establish a theoretical basis for the invention of effective reduced-dust technology.

Research on mine dustfall agents based on the mechanism of wetting and coagulation

Mine dust is classified as one of five natural coal mining disasters because it can harm the health of miners and poses a serious threat to the safety of the coal mine. Therefore, preparation of an effective dust suppression agent is highly desired. To improve the capture efficiency of fine dust, this study examines the dust suppression effects of various combinations of wetting agents, additives, and coagulation agents by using the optimum seeking method to reduce mine dust, particularly respirable particles. The optimal formula is shown to contain 10wt% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether（JFC）, 4.96wt% cationic polyacrylamide, and 4wt% calcium chloride. The dust suppression effect can be achieved at 96.1% in 5 min by using the optimal formula.

Wetting agent investigation for controlling dust of lead-zinc ores

The purpose of this project is to control the pollution of dust,which occurred in a typical lead-zinc mine.Two kinds of surfactants and water glass were chosen as the wetting agents to study the behaviours of suppressing the dust.The performances of the wetting agents of various sizes and water content of dust and their compositions among different weting agents were investigated. Firstly,the chemical compounds,dispersity,water content,bulk density and other relevant physico-chemical properties of the choiced dust of lead-zinc ore were mensurated.A great number of down-ward penetrating tests were conducted to different partical sizes of dust and to analyze the dust wetting behaviour respectively.The optimal compositions of wetting agents were obtained in accordance with different water contents and partical sizes of the dust after analyzing and statisting the achieved experimental data. The data show that the efficiency of chemical dust suppression of weting agents is much better than that of water.The results of the research work prove that the partical size and the water content of the dust are very important factors to the dust suppression.The results are also proved validly by the dropping experiment,which takes the penetrating diameter and penetrating time as the major factors.The superfine dust is much more difficult to be wetted.Since increasing the water content of dust is the best approach to control it,the choice of wetting agents for improving dispensation is significant.

Fault Tree Analysis of Dust Suppression Mechanism in a Spray System with Wetting Agent

By using the fault tree analysis in reliability theory as the systematical analysis approach, the dust suppression mechanism in a spray system with wetting agent is shown in a logic tree and some graphical models. From these diagrams, all factors related to the spray system and their cause and effect relationship can be seen clearly. Based on the built logic tree, several mathematical models and new ideas for expressing the dust suppressing efficiency in the spray system are put forward. The significance of all factors related to the efficiency of suppressing dust is qualitatively described. Furthermore, the new concepts, such as, the effective reaction time between dust particle and droplet, the expansion phenomenon of laden dust droplet, the functions of volatile and the relative size distribution efficiency of wetting agent are presented. All this richenes the existing mechanism of dust abatement by spraying wetting agent. At last, several problems that need to be further investigated are also suggested in the paper.

Remote Monitoring of Surfaces Wetted for Dust Control on the Dry Owens Lakebed, California

Extensive dust control on the dry Owens Lake mainly uses constructed basins that are flooded with shallow depths of fresh water. This dust control is mandated by law as a minimum percent of the area of each individual wetting basin. Wetted surfaces are evaluated for area and degree of wetness using the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band of Landsat TM, or similar earth observation satellite sensor. The SWIR region appropriate for these measurements lies within the electromagnetic spectrum between about 1.5 and 1.8 μm wavelengths. A threshold value for Landsat TM5 band 5 reflectance of 0.19 was found to conform with surfaces having a threshold for adequate wetting at a nascent point where rapid drying would occur following loss of capillary connection with groundwater. This threshold is robust and requires no atmospheric correction for the effects of aerosol scatter and attenuation as long as the features on the image appear clear. Monthly monitoring of surface wetting has proven accurate, verifiable and repeatable using these methods. This threshold can be calibrated for any Earth observation satellite that records the appropriate SWIR region. The monitoring program is expected to provide major input for the final phase of the dust control program that will have a focus to conserve water and resources.

Change in Grain-Size Composition of Lignite under Cyclic Freezing-Thawing and Wetting-Drying

The paper presents the change in grain-size composition of lignite under cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC). The article shows that in the spring and autumn periods the lignites can be subjected to repeated freezing-thawing and wetting-drying, which determines the possibility of changing their grain-size composition and structure. Experimental studies in laboratory conditions on the influence of cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC) on the quality indicators of lignites have been carried out, their granulometric (fractional) composition has been studied. Freezing-thawing cycle conditions are as follows (FTC): minimum exposure temperature: -20°C;maximum: +5°C;relative humidity: 30%;number of processing cycles: 3. Wetting-drying cycles are as follows (WDC): drying temperatures are +20, +40, +60, +80°C, drying time 90 minutes, the coals are further subjected to rain (soaking) for a period of water saturation to humidity of 30% - 40% and dry again. The number of wetting-drying cycles is 3 times. The tests have revealed the destructive effects of FTC and WDC on the samples of lower metamorphic grade coal, and the cycles of wet-dry lead to the much higher yield of fine sizes (-6+0;-13+0 mm) than the cycles of freeze-thaw. Furthermore, it is found that the increase in the yield of fines depends on the heating temperature: coal disintegration proceeds more intensively at a higher temperature of drying.

矿井湿喷过程的产尘特性和复合降尘外加剂的制备

矿井湿喷过程的粉尘污染是制约湿喷支护工程高效、清洁和安全生产的重要因素。为降低湿喷过程粉尘对作业人员的危害,提高矿山企业粉尘防治和职业健康保障的能力,运用气溶胶力学与HertzMindlin碰撞理论,构建了湿喷混凝土冲击产尘的动力学模型;并针对湿喷工艺特点,建立了湿喷混凝土相似实验装置,对不同工艺条件下的产尘特性进行分析;结合湿喷过程外加剂的降尘机制,对外加剂的减弹降尘性能进行研究,配置适用于湿喷工艺的高性能复合降尘外加剂。结果表明,湿喷过程中弥散在空气中的气溶胶颗粒粒径大部分在2μm以下,2μm以下(不含2μm)颗粒数占比在90%以上。湿喷产尘主要受喷射距离、喷射压力和水灰比影响。喷射距离不宜太大或太小;随着喷射距离的增加,颗粒浓度呈先降低后增加的趋势。同样,喷射压力为0.4 MPa时,较为合适。当压力太大时,会导致回弹率和粉尘质量浓度增加;当压力太小时,物料到达受喷面时的动能较小,不能很好地黏附在受喷面。同时,在保证物料流动性的同时,可通过减小水灰比来降低回弹率和产尘量。研制的复合降尘外加剂主要由速凝剂、络合剂、早强剂、黏结剂以及表面活性剂复配形成。通过正交实验以及优化实验,最终确定的湿喷复合降尘外加剂配方及其质量分数为:A-55%、B-3%、C-4.5%、D-0.5%、E-0.15%、水-36.85%。掺入该复合降尘外加剂后,湿喷过程粉尘质量浓度下降了约57%,有效降低湿喷过程的粉尘产生量,降尘效果明显。

High Efficiency Dust Scrubbers for Continuous Miner in Underground Mines

Based on the experimental data by a full scale test model and the relevant existing achievements, four new concepts of group dust scrubbers were designed in the paper. The new dust scrubbers consist of two to four common dust separators in series: wet fan, wet Venturi and foam filter bed. Wetting and foaming agents are used to increase the efficiency of dust separation. High efficiency is not required for each part of the group dust scrubbers, but the whole system has a high working reliability. All parts of the group dust scrubbers have the most suitable separating efficiency for different size and concentration of dust particles in airflow, according to their technical features. Four group dust scrubbers have a high efficiency from 94.4% to 99.7% for separating respirable dust at a rational cost.

Investigation on steelmaking dust recycling and iron oxide red preparing

To investigate the physical and chemical properties of the steelmaking dust, wet sieve separation, XRD, SEM, EDS, and traditional chemical analysis were carded out to obtain the particle size distribution, mineralogy, morphology, and the chemical composition of the dust. The dust with a total Fe content of 64.08wt% has coarse metallic iron, magnetite and hematite grains, while free clay minerals with a size of 〈38 μm are mainly iosidefite, calcium silicate, and calcite, which are conglomerated to each other. By following the procedures of wet magnetic separation, acid leaching, and oxidization calcination, magnetic materials were recycled and further prepared as iron oxide red with a productivity of 0.54 ton per unit ton of the dust. Middle iron concentrate with an Fe content of 65.92wt% can be reused as feeding material in the ironmaking industry. Additionally, washed water from acid leaching with an Fe^3＋ ion content of less than 5 g·L^-1 was recovered as feeding water in the wet magnetic separation procedure. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All fights reserved.

Research on the application of the wet scrubber on the BSSF slag processing system at Baosteel

Based on the analysis results of the dust size distribution of flue gas from Baosteel＇s short-flow （BSSF） slag processing system and the mechanism of the wet scrubber,a wet scrubber system was designed and installed in the No. 1 BSSF slag processing system at Baosteel. The results show that the dust removal efficiency of the previous system that had conventional water nozzles was only 69% with a liquid-gas ratio of 0.79 L/m^3 ,while the dust removal efficiency reached 94% when three sets of high-efficiency dual phase spray guns were installed inside both the flue and the chimney. For the latter system,the liquid-gas ratio was 0. 84 L/m^3 ,and the dust concentration in the cleaned emissions reduced to less than 40 mg/m^3.

粒径分布对石灰岩矿爆破粉尘表面润湿特性的影响

为探究露天石灰岩矿爆破粉尘的表面润湿特性,以安徽省铜陵石灰石矿山爆破粉尘为研究对象,利用激光粒度分析仪、X射线衍射仪以及扫描电子显微镜分别测量粉尘的粒径分布、矿物成分和表面形貌,分析其对石灰岩爆破粉尘润湿特性的影响。通过对比实验数据分析,得出:亲水性粉尘(HD)平均粒径D(4,3)要比疏水性粉尘(HCD)大2.416μm,更易被湿润;两者可被人体吸入粉尘(粒径≤10μm)占比分别为24.34%,28.08%,HCD更有可能导致人们患呼吸性疾病;HD的表面形貌比HCD更光滑平整,相应的具有更好的湿润性能。

矿井高效抑尘剂优化配方及性能研究

以某煤矿掘进工作面粉尘为研究对象,开展矿井高效抑尘剂优化配方及性能研究。通过沉降实验,确定高效抑尘剂优化配方的润湿剂组分为2%的TX-100和0.5%的SDBS混合溶液;通过黏度测定实验,确定优化配方的黏结剂组分为E412;通过保水性实验,确定优化配方的保水抑尘剂组分为PAAS;通过抑尘剂溶液的酸碱度测定实验,确定选用PHOS调节溶液的pH值为6.8;最终研究得到矿井高效抑尘剂GHY-1配方组分及比例。性能测定实验结果表明:高效抑尘剂优化配方表面张力为68.15 mN/m,左、右接触角分别为11.25°和10.85°,黏度值为0.4mPa·s,保水率为80.5%,降尘效率可达95.3%。

无机盐协同表面活性剂对煤尘保湿性影响

为保障煤矿安全生产和工人健康,煤矿井下主要采取的防尘手段是湿式除尘和化学抑尘。通过保水性实验探究无机盐与表面活性剂溶液各自及协同作用下的抑尘保湿性效果。实验结果表明:由于四种表面活性剂的分子结构和性质不同,形成分子层的稳定性和厚度不同,十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液(SDBS)的保湿性最强,聚乙二醇对异辛基苯基醚溶液(Triton X-100)的保湿性最弱。当表面活性剂SDS与SDBS溶液质量分数分别为0.24%、0.04%,无机盐K_(2)SO_(4)的浓度0.9mol/L,且SDS与SDBS比例为5∶5,SDS+SDBS的混合溶液与K_(2)SO_(4)比例同样为5∶5时,煤尘水分散失最少,复合溶液润湿保湿性能最佳。硫酸钾溶液对复合溶液的疏水端产生析出作用,导致煤尘疏水端的疏水作用增强,更多表面活性剂分子逃逸水相后向液-气界面聚集,从而降低溶液的表面张力。

岩巷掘进工作面控风净化除尘系统设计与应用

针对岩巷掘进工作面压风风流携带迎头粉尘弥漫扩散造成粉尘治理难度大的问题,提出了掘进面“控风—净化”综合粉尘治理方案,构建了由湿式旋流除尘器、易装拆控尘装置、便移式负压风筒等组成的岩巷掘进面高效除尘系统,对比分析了除尘系统的不同安装方案对除尘效果的影响;综合考虑现场除尘效果与劳动强度,明确了湿式旋流除尘器最佳安装方案以及负压风筒与控尘装置的最优安装位置。在某矿辅运大巷岩巷掘进面进行了现场应用,结果表明:当负压风筒安装至通风风筒对侧,吸尘口距巷道迎头3 m,控尘装置位于通风风筒压风口后方5 m时,迎头高浓度粉尘在通风风筒压风、控尘装置控风及除尘器抽尘共同作用下被控制在迎头附近,并不断向负压风筒吸尘口运移最终被除尘器抽入净化,除尘器前方全尘和呼尘除尘效率分别达到95.9%和94.9%以上,除尘器后方全尘和呼尘除尘效率分别达到96.5%和95.4%以上,显著提升了巷道可见度,有效解决了岩巷掘进面通风造成的粉尘治理难题。

转炉湿法除尘系统不粘丝网除雾特性研究

为了研究转炉湿法除尘系统的丝网除雾特性,搭建丝网除雾实验平台,研究了不同气流速度下,含水量、丝网层数、丝网目数对不粘丝网的除雾特性的影响。结果表明:随着气流速度的增加,除雾效率先提高后降低,为避免产生二次夹带现象,转炉湿法除尘系统丝网中的气流速度应控制在3~4 m/s;丝网层数从2层增加至6层,除雾效率先提高后趋于平缓,层数为4层时,除雾效率可达95%;气流速度不变时,除雾效率随着含水量、丝网层数、丝网目数的增加而提高,泛液气速随着含水量的增大而减小。

输煤系统湿式电除尘器阴极线放电特性数值模拟

输煤环境中漂浮着大量微细粉尘,湿式电除尘器是去除10μm以下颗粒物的重要手段。本文建立了描述电除尘器放电(电势、电荷密度、电场强度等)、流场、粉尘运动的数学模型,数值模拟结果与Penney等人实验结果一致性较好。针对长×宽=650 mm×150 mm、3根阴极线直径为5 mm的放电系统进行了流场、放电及粉尘运动的数值模拟分析,通过所建立的数学模型,获得了较好分布的电势、电荷密度和电场强度,能够有效指导电除尘器的设计优化以提高除尘效率。

含铟粉尘的处理工艺现状与展望

含铟粉尘是金属冶炼流程产生的固体废弃物之一,包含锌、钾、铝、铁、铟、铅、镉等金属,是回收稀有金属铟的重要原料。针对现阶段含铟粉尘回收铟过程中存在的分散损失严重、回收率低、处理难度大等问题,本文以含铟粉尘回收铟的全流程处理工艺为主线,对含铟粉尘处理过程中火法预处理、湿法浸出、富集分离等环节的常用技术和工艺进行对比分析,探究不同工艺的独特机理和处理流程,同时讨论不同工艺的特点和局限性,指出现阶段各工序工业生产中存在的问题;重点综述铟湿法浸出和富集分离提取两个环节的技术进展,并基于现阶段工业粉尘“无害化、减量化、资源化”的处理目标与发展趋势,提出未来含铟粉尘综合回收处理的新思路,为实现含铟粉尘中铟等高附加值元素回收利用提供参考。

表面活性剂对无烟煤润湿性的影响实验研究

煤的润湿性对煤层注水及防尘有重要意义。为研究表面活性剂对煤尘表面润湿性的影响机理,以贵州矿区无烟煤为研究对象开展煤尘沉降实验,优选润湿实验煤样效果最佳的表面活性剂溶液,借助红外光谱实验及Zeta电位测定实验,探索表面活性剂作用下煤表面润湿性的变化规律。研究结果表明:实验所用4种表面活性剂均能大幅度提高煤尘润湿性;其中,质量分数为1%的APG润湿煤尘的效果最佳;改性后,实验煤样亲水基团和疏水基团均增加,但亲水基团增量明显大于疏水基团,说明表面活性剂改性对亲水基团的影响更显著,有利于提高煤尘表面的亲水性;改性后,实验煤样表面负电性增强约7.68倍,引起双电层中剪切面滑向液面,同时强化含氧官能团与水分子之间的偶极作用力,导致水化层增厚,煤样表面润湿性得以改善。

燃煤机组SO_(3)生成与控制技术路线分析

为系统分析燃煤机组SO_(3)排放特性,通过对58台机组SO_(3)生成和脱除情况进行测试,分析了炉内燃烧SO_(3)生成、脱硝系统SO_(2)/SO_(3)转化情况,以及干式除尘器、湿法脱硫系统和湿式除尘器对SO_(3)的脱除效果,从而获得燃煤机组SO_(3)生成、迁移及控制规律。结果表明:燃煤机组SO_(3)生成主要是由炉膛燃烧生成和脱硝系统SO_(2)转化生成,其中炉内燃烧SO_(3)的生成率约为炉内燃烧产生的SO_(2)总量的1%,脱硝系统SO_(2)/SO_(3)的转化率也约为1%。静电除尘器、电袋除尘器以及湿法脱硫系统对SO_(3)的脱除效果有限,静电除尘器SO_(3)脱除效率为15%~25%,电袋除尘器为20%~40%,湿法脱硫系统为40%~60%;而低低温除尘器和湿式除尘器具备较高的SO_(3)脱除效果,低低温除尘器SO_(3)脱除效率为50%~80%,湿式除尘器为70%~90%。因此通过控制燃煤硫份或脱硝系统SO_(2)/SO_(3)转化率可以有效地控制SO_(3)的生成,采用低低温除尘器和湿式除尘器可以有效降低SO_(3)的排放,通过干式除尘器+湿法脱硫系统+湿式除尘器可将SO_(3)控制在10 mg/m^(3)以下。