Response of Freezing/Thawing Indexes to the Wetting Trend under Warming Climate Conditions over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau during 1961–2010:A Numerical Simulation

Since the 1990s,the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau(QTP)has experienced a strikingly warming and wetter climate that alters the thermal and hydrological properties of frozen ground.A positive correlation between the warming and thermal degradation in permafrost or seasonally frozen ground(SFG)has long been recognized.Still,a predictive relationship between historical wetting under warming climate conditions and frozen ground has not yet been well demonstrated,despite the expectation that it will become even more important because precipitation over the QTP has been projected to increase continuously in the near future.This study investigates the response of the thermal regime to historical wetting in both permafrost and SFG areas and examines their relationships separately using the Community Land Surface Model version 4.5.Results show that wetting before the 1990s across the QTP mainly cooled the permafrost body in the arid and semiarid zones,with significant correlation coefficients of 0.60 and 0.48,respectively.Precipitation increased continually at the rate of 6.16 mm decade–1 in the arid zone after the 1990s but had a contrasting warming effect on permafrost through a significant shortening of the thawing duration within the active layer.However,diminished rainfall in the humid zone after the 1990s also significantly extended the thawing duration of SFG.The relationship between the ground thawing index and precipitation was significantly negatively correlated(−0.75).The dual effects of wetting on the thermal dynamics of the QTP are becoming critical because of the projected increases in future precipitation.

Characteristics of Dry and Wet Climate in Shandong Province Based on Standardized Precipitation Index

Based on the monthly precipitation data of 116 meteorological stations in Shandong Province during 1970-2021,standardized precipitation index(SPI)was calculated,and the methods of linear fitting,mutation test and Morlet wavelet analysis were used to analyze the change trend and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of SPI index in the past 52 years.The results show that there were more normal years in Shandong Province,and the frequency reached 38.46%.There was severe drought in the 1980s and more wet years after 2003.SPI index showed an upward trend in spring,summer and winter but a weak arid trend in autumn.In addition,intense dry weather was more frequent in summer.Spatially,the climate was normal or humid in most areas of Shandong Province.The regions with more wet years were located in the central and northeast Shandong and the peninsula,while the climate was normal in the southwest and north of Shandong.The areas with more dry years were mainly located in the northwest of Shandong Province.There was mainly local and global drought in Shandong Province,and the arid area showed a decreasing trend.In the past 52 years,Shandong Province experienced quasi-4 times of alternation between dry and wet climate.The long period of 21 a was the first main period,and the climate would be still wet in Shandong Province in the future.In terms of mutation,the climate in Shandong Province became humid after 2003,and 2003 was the mutation point.After the abrupt change,the climate changed from gradually drying to wetting.

Asymmetric Drying and Wetting Trends in Eastern and Western China

As an important factor that directly affects agricultural production, the social economy, and policy implementation,observed changes in dry/wet conditions have become a matter of widespread concern. However, previous research has mainly focused on the long-term linear changes of dry/wet conditions, while the detection and evolution of the non-linear trends related to dry/wet changes have received less attention. The non-linear trends of the annual aridity index, obtained by the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition(EEMD) method, reveal that changes in dry/wet conditions in China are asymmetric and can be characterized by contrasting features in both time and space in China. Spatially, most areas in western China have experienced transitions from drying to wetting, while opposite changes have occurred in most areas of eastern China. Temporally, the transitions occurred earlier in western China compared to eastern China. Research into the asymmetric spatial characteristics of dry/wet conditions compensates for the inadequacies of previous studies, which focused solely on temporal evolution;at the same time, it remedies the inadequacies of traditional research on linear trends over centennial timescales. Analyzing the non-linear trend also provides for a more comprehensive understanding of the drying/wetting changes in China.

Numerical Modelling of the Topographic Wetness Index: An Analysis at Different Scales

A variety of landscape properties have been modeled successfully using topographic indices such as topographic wetness index (TWI), defined as ln(a/tanβ), where a is the specific upslope area and β is the surface slope. In this study, 25 m spatial resolution from digital elevation models (DEM) data were used to investigate the scale-dependency of TWI values when converting DEMs to 50 and 100 m. To investigate the impact of different spatial resolution, the two lower resolution DEMs were interpolated to the original 25 m grid size. In addition, to compare different flow-direction algorithms, a second objective was to evaluate differences in spatial patterns. Thus the values of TWI were compared in two different ways: 1) distribution functions and their statistics;and 2) cell by cell comparison of DEMs with the same spatial resolution but different flow- directions. As in previous TWI studies, the computed specific upstream is smaller, on average, at higher resolution. TWI variation decreased with increasing grid size. A cell by cell comparison of the TWI values of the 50 and 100 m DEMs showed a low correlation with the TWI based on the 25 m DEM. The results showed significant differences between different flow-diretction algorithms computed for DEMs with 25, 50 and 100 m spatial resolution.

INDEX OF DIRECTION CHANGE OF ZONALLY AVERAGED WIND AND CHANGE OF SEASON

In this paper, a Wind Direction Change Index (WI), which can describe four-dimensional spatiotemporal changes of the atmospheric circulation objectively and quantitatively, is defined to study its evolution and seasonal variation. The first four modes can be obtained by EOF expansion of the zonally averaged WI. The first mode reveals the basic spatial distribution of the annually averaged WI. The second mode reflects the quasi-harmonic parts of the WI deviations. Tropical, subtropical and extratropical monsoon areas can be clearly reflected by this mode. The third mode reflects the non-harmonic parts of the WI deviations. It shows the so-called February reverse in stratospheric atmosphere as well as the asymmetric seasonal changes from spring to fall and from fall to spring due to both the land-sea distribution contrast between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and the nonlinear effect of atmospheric and ocean fluids. The fourth mode reveals the northward advancing of the global reversed wind fields from spring to summer and their southward withdrawal from summer to autumn.

The effects of temperature and acid number of crude oil on the wettability of acid volcanic reservoir rock from the Hailar Oilfi eld

Wettability of acid volcanic reservoir rock from the Hailar Oilfield, China, was studied with crude oils of different acid numbers generated from an original crude oil with an acid number of 3.05 mg KOH/g. The modifed oils and their resultant acid numbers were： A （2.09 mg KOH/g）, B （0.75 mg KOH/g）, C （0.47 mg KOH/g）, D （0.30 mg KOH/g）, and E （0.18 mg KOH/g）. Contact angles and improved Amott water indexes were measured to study the effects of temperature and acid number on the wettability of the acid volcanic reservoir rock. Experimental results indicated that the wettability was not sensitive to variation in temperature when using the same oil, but the acid number of the crude oil was a key factor in changing the wettability of the rock. The Amott water index, Iw was an exponential function of the acid number, and the Amott water index increased as the acid number decreased （i.e. Amott water index exponentially decreased with the acid number increase）. The Iw value of the core saturated with oil A, with an acid number of 2.09 mg KOH/g, ranged from 0.06 to 0.11, which indicated low water wetness. If the acid number of the oil decreased to 0.18 mg KOH/g, the Iw value increased to 0.95, which indicated strong water wetness. The contact angle decreased from 80~ to 35~ when the aid number decreased from 0.75 to 0.18 mg KOH/g, indicating a change towards more water wet conditions. The oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition of water also increased as the acid number of the oil decreased. As an example, at 80 ~C, the recovery of Oil A with an acid number of 2.09 mg KOH/g was only 7.6%, while Oil E with an acid number of 0.18 mg KOH/g produced 56.4%, i.e. an increase of 48.8%.

Interdecadal fluctuation of dry and wet climate boundaries in China in the past 50 years

Based on the mean yearly precipitation and the total yearly evaporation data of 295 meteorological stations in China in 1951-1999, the aridity index is calculated in this paper. According to the aridity index, the climatic regions in China are classified into three types, namely, arid region, semi-arid region and humid region. Dry and wet climate boundaries in China fluctuate markedly and differentiate greatly in each region in the past 50 years. The fluctuation amplitudes are 20-400 km in Northeast China, 40-400 km in North China, 30-350 km in the eastern part of Northwest China and 40-370 km in Southwest China. Before the 1980s (including 1980), the climate tended to be dry in Northeast China and North China, to be wet in the eastern part of Northwest China and very wet in Southwest China. Since the 1990s there have been dry signs in Southwest China, the eastern part of Northwest China and North China. The climate becomes wetter in Northeast China. Semi-arid region is the transitional zone between humid and arid regions, the monsoon edge belt in China, and the susceptible region of environmental evolution. At the end of the 1960s dry and wet climate in China witnessed abrupt changes, changing wetness into dryness. Dry and wet climate boundaries show the fluctuation characteristics of the whole shifts and the opposite fluctuations of eastward, westward, southward and northward directions. The fluctuations of climatic boundaries and the dry and wet variations of climate have distinctive interdecadal features.

Analysis on the Evolution of Dry and Wet Degree in Benxi Area in Recent 57 Years

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the evolution situation of dry and wet degree in Benxi area in recent 57 years.[Method] By using the annual,quarterly and monthly temperature and precipitation data in Benxi area during 1953-2009,the interdecadal variations of temperature,precipitation,dry and wet index were analyzed.[Result] The annual average temperature in Benxi area displayed the obvious increase trend,and the linear trend rate was 0.29 ℃/10 a.But the precipitation showed the obvious decrease trend,and the linear trend rate was-29.01 mm/10 a.The dry and wet index showed the decrease trend,and the linear trend rate was-33.61 mm/10 a,which closely related to the rise of temperature and the decrease of precipitation after the 1980s.[Conclusion] It showed the warming-drying development trend in Benxi area.

基于Wi-Fi的无线网络控制系统的仿真研究

近年来,以Wi-Fi为代表的无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Network,WLAN)技术不断发展和成熟,被广泛应用到各个领域。其中,将无线网络与传统控制系统融合起来,形成具备高移动性、可扩展性和灵活性等优势的无线网络控制系统(Wireless Networked Control Systems,WNCS),成为控制界的研究趋势之一。针对基于Wi-Fi技术的无线网络控制系统进行了研究,利用TrueTime仿真工具箱以及MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境,构建了一个WNCS的仿真系统模型,设计了相应的PID控制器,并研究了网络传输速率、采样周期等网络性能指标对系统控制性能的影响。

A Comparative Analysis of Primary and Extreme Characteristics of Dry or Wet Status between Asia and North America

In this study, the Palmer Drought Severity Index （PDSI） was used to analyze the average and extreme dry/wet states of Asia and North America from 1953 to 2003. The results indicate that the two continents underwent drying trends during this period. Compared with North America, Asia showed more severe drought trends. However, more significant and regular seasonal variation for drought was found in North America. The driest regions in Asia were located in the northern region of China, Mongolia, and eastern mid-Siberian plateau. Most regions in central North America were relatively wetter than other regions. The northern and southwestern regions of North America, as well as the Atlantic and Pacific coastal areas, experienced the most drought during this period. A sharp increase of the drought area and the number of extreme drought events took place from 1997 to 2003 in both Asia and North America. Severe drought events were more likely to occur during the summer on both continents. Asia had the most extreme drought events during July, but North America reached its highest drought frequency from June to September. In Asia, a persistent increasing trend of extreme drought emerged throughout the studied period. However, a more complex evolution of drought emerged in North America： a decreasing trend appeared before the mid-1960s and an increasing trend appeared after the late 1970s. A relatively steady dry/wet status was observed between the mid-1960s and the late 1970s. The role of exceptional, extreme drought events with respect to the La Nin？a event was considered during 1997–2003.

化学外加剂对粉煤灰湿法细化活化的影响

将粉煤灰(FA)作为矿物掺合料使用,是降低胶凝材料碳排放的重要手段之一,但其早期活性低是学者们普遍关注的问题。本研究提出在湿磨过程中引入化学功能组分来提升FA细化活化效率的技术思路;通过激光粒度仪(PSD)、pH仪、全谱直读等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)、XRD、SEM和TG-DTG等测试手段评价了FA的物化性能及活性指数,揭示了液相研磨机械力和化学溶蚀协同作用机理。结果表明:引入TIPA、TEA、NaOH、Na_(2)SO_(4)及电石渣(CS)化学功能组分优化了湿磨的液相环境介质,可显著提升湿磨效率;当FA的中值粒径降低至2μm时,TIPA+CS作用效果最为显著,研磨时间由原来的120 min缩短至40 min,缩短67%。从活性指数的角度来看,1 d龄期时,Na_(2)SO_(4)作用效果最为显著,湿磨FA的活性指数达到60.1%;3 d、7 d、28 d龄期时,TIPA+CS作用效果较好,湿磨FA的活性指数分别可达到81.3%、89.1%、97%。在液相研磨机械力作用过程中,液相环境介质可溶蚀粉煤灰表面,促进表面[AlO_(4)]和[SiO_(4)]的解聚,加速离子溶出,形成钙矾石、C-S-H凝胶等水化产物,显著提升FA的湿磨细化活化效率。

咽瘘伤口湿性治疗评估指标体系构建的研究

目的构建咽瘘伤口湿性治疗评估指标体系。方法以整体护理理念为理论框架,检索PubMed、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网数据库自建库至2023年1月的相关文献,经专家小组讨论后初步制订咽瘘伤口湿性治疗评估指标体系库、设计专家函询问卷。2023年4月至6月,采用目的抽样法,邀请来自中国东北、华北、华东、华南、华中、西南地区12个省市及自治区的15所三级甲等医院的25名专家进行函询,专家小组针对函询结果进行讨论并最终修订指标体系,应用层次分析法确定各层级指标权重并检验各层级指标逻辑一致性。结果专家函询问卷全部回收,有效回收率为100%。专家熟悉系数为0.912、判断系数为0.960、权威系数为0.936、肯德尔协调系数为0.392(P<0.001)。最终构建的咽瘘伤口湿性治疗评估指标体系包括一级指标3个、二级指标6个及三级指标28个,一级指标权重分别为0.7029(生理因素)、0.1149(心理因素)和0.1822(社会因素),各层级指标一致性检验系数均<0.100。结论初步构建的咽瘘伤口湿性治疗评估指标体系具有较高的权威性和科学性,可作为伤口治疗师评估咽瘘伤口的有效工具,指标体系的适用性和应用效果仍有待进一步验证。

酒糟蛋白替代豆粕对九斤黄鸡生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标的影响

[目的]研究不同比例的湿磨预处理去壳酱香型酒糟蛋白(wet milling pretreated and dehulled-moutai distiller's grains, WDMDG)替代豆粕对九斤黄鸡生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标的影响,为WDMDG替代豆粕提供科学依据。[方法]选取1日龄健康九斤黄公雏450只,随机分为3组,每组设3个重复,每个重复50只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加5%、8%WDMDG等营养替代豆粕,试验为期26 d,分别测定九斤黄鸡平均日增质量、平均日采食量、料重比和死淘率,并对九斤黄鸡血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮含量、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力和IgG、IgA、lgM水平进行测定。[结果]与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ组九斤黄鸡的各项生产性能均没有显著差异,试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ组鸡血清中尿素氮含量分别提高了4.88%(P>0.05)和19.51%(P<0.05),各组鸡血清中总蛋白、白蛋白含量、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力及IgG、IgA和IgM水平差异均不显著。[结论]在九斤黄鸡日粮中采用5%WDMDG等营养替代基础日粮中部分豆粕,对其日增质量、料重比、死淘率、血清生化指标和免疫指标均无显著负面影响。

固体颗粒润湿性评价新方法

润湿性不仅控制着疏松砂岩储层中流体的流动和分布,而且影响微粒运移,因此对固体颗粒表面润湿性的准确评价直接关系到储层微粒润湿性的有效调控,对储层微粒运移损害的防治具有重要意义。但现有的评价方法主要针对固体平面厘米以上的宏观尺度,无法准确评价疏松砂岩储层中毫微米尺度的泥砂颗粒的表面润湿性。该文结合活化指数法和接触角测量法,提出了适用于颗粒润湿性评价的新参数——颗粒润湿指数R,建立了一套适用于毫微米尺度的固体颗粒润湿性评价新方法,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,该评价方法可以更准确地评价泥砂颗粒的润湿性,测试程序简单,数据处理方便,适用范围广泛,为固体颗粒润湿性的评价与应用技术提供了新手段。

干旱区与湿润区旱涝急转演变特征对比研究

以长江、黄河和淮河流域为研究对象,基于标准化旱涝急转指数,利用趋势分析、变点检验、小波分析、随机森林等方法探究典型干旱区与湿润区旱涝急转演变特征及其驱动因子。结果表明:湿润和半湿润区是极端旱涝急转事件的高频发生区,干旱区是极端旱转涝事件的高频发生区;干旱区的突变发生在1998年,湿润区的突变在1978年,未来干旱区更易发生旱转涝事件,湿润区则相反;气象因子在湿润区对旱涝急转的贡献度更大,大气环流对干旱区的影响突出,旱涝急转与不同驱动因子间存在非线性关系。

大豆脲酶诱导碳酸钙固化黄河泥沙水稳定性试验研究

随着国家“交通强国”战略的提出,沿黄工程建设发展迅速,填筑用土需求剧增。黄河泥沙作为填筑材料的可行性已被证实,但其在多雨地区的服役性能需要改善,探索一种生态、高效的泥沙加固方法提高其水稳定性十分关键。本文基于酶诱导碳酸钙沉淀(EICP)技术固化黄河泥沙的方法,分别开展了常规浸水条件和干湿循环条件下固化黄河泥沙的水稳定性试验,研究了浸水后试样的质量损失及强度折损情况,分析了干湿循环对固化后黄河泥沙试样强度软化系数的影响规律。结果表明:采用EICP技术固化的黄河泥沙试样浸水崩解过程相比原状试样更加缓慢;胶结液浓度1.5 mol/L的黄河泥沙试样长期(56 d)浸水后,几乎保持完整,质量损失率仅为6.36%,强度折损率仅为6.21%;10次干湿循环后,不同胶结液浓度处理后的黄河泥沙试样均出现了不同程度的颗粒松散和脱落现象,胶结液浓度1.5 mol/L、灌浆10次的黄河泥沙试样的抗压强度损失仅为9.96%,抗干湿循环能力最强。利用EICP技术可以有效的固化黄河泥沙并提升其水稳定性,这对推进黄河泥沙的资源化利用进程十分重要。

关中地区土壤干湿变化及对气候的响应

关中地区是陕西省主要的农业生产基地,但频发的旱灾严重阻碍了社会经济的发展。土壤湿度作为反映旱灾的一个重要指标,进行土壤湿度对气候因子响应的研究,可为科学认识干旱规律及制定政策提供依据。以关中地区为研究区,采用2001—2020年的MODIS-NDVI与MODIS-LST长时间序列数据,构建了关中地区地表土壤干湿状况(TVDI)特征空间,采用线性趋势法、相关性分析、敏感性分析等统计方法对关中地区土壤干湿状况的空间分布特征及其对气候的响应进行分析。结果表明:(1)TVDI能够较为准确的反演出关中地区的土壤湿度状况。近20 a来,关中地区土壤干湿状况存在变干趋势;其中,春季最旱、冬季次之。(2)土壤干湿状况的空间分布存在明显的空间异质性,整体上呈现西南向东北干旱递增的趋势。(3)土壤干湿状况与降水和气温存在相关性。与降水呈正相关关系,随着降水量增加,土壤湿度增加;与气温呈负相关关系,随着气温升高,土壤湿度降低。(4)降水对土壤干湿状况的敏感性较高,而气温对土壤干湿状况的变化程度起着较大的影响。降水决定了土壤湿度值的增加或减少的方向,而气温则决定了增加或减少的程度。土壤干湿状况是一个综合指标,其值受降水和气温的影响。降水是决定增减趋势的主要因素,而气温则决定了增减的幅度。因此,仅研究气温和降水的影响时,降水是控制土壤干湿状况增减趋势的主要因素,而气温则调节了这种增减的幅度。

低渗透致密油藏压裂驱油剂润湿性评价及效果

针对低渗透致密油藏压裂驱油剂的润湿性评价问题,分析现有接触角法的误差及不确定性,提出了评价压裂驱油剂润湿性的改进方法,采用润湿倾向指数,即驱油剂与蒸馏水在亲水/油表面的润湿接触角的比值来表征压裂驱油剂的润湿性改变方向和程度。结果表明,用接触角和接触角变化的最大值反映驱油剂对储层润湿性改变方向和能力都存在一定的不确定性。亲水表面的性质非常稳定,润湿接触角偏差较小,但亲油表面的润湿接触角偏差较大。蒸馏水与亲水/油表面润湿接触角的相对平均偏差分别为0.281%、8.929%。另外,部分驱油剂在亲水/油表面的接触角最大变化值差异不明显。用润湿倾向指数可较好地表征驱油剂的润湿性改变程度。润湿倾向指数不确定度远小于接触角不确定度。0.2%磺酸盐类驱油剂、聚氧乙烯醚类驱油剂、氟碳类驱油剂在亲水表面的接触角(润湿30 s)不确定度分别为1.24、3.11、0.64,而水润湿倾向指数不确定度分别为2.48×10^(-2)、6.33×10^(-2)、1.76×10^(-2)。通过Amott方法,测得7种压裂驱油剂作用下天然岩样的水湿指数。该水湿指数从大到小的排序与用接触角法测得的水润湿倾向指数从小到大的顺序一致。两种方法的测试结果进一步证实了使用润湿倾向指数的准确性和优越性。该方法有利于快捷地评价压裂驱油剂对储层润湿性的改变能力,优选低渗透致密油藏压裂驱油剂。

1962—2021年闽江流域干湿演变特征及其对ENSO事件的响应

基于1962—2021年闽江流域29个气象观测站的日降水量数据,运用标准化降水指数(standard precipitation index,SPI),Mann-Kendal趋势检验(M-K检验)以及Morlet小波分析等多种方法,深入分析不同时间尺度下闽江流域干湿演变特征,同时,结合海温异常指数(sea surface temperature anomaly,SSTA),进一步探究闽江流域干湿对厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)事件的响应。结果表明:近60年来,闽江流域整体呈不显著湿润化趋势,夏季在20世纪90年代后显著湿润化,秋季在1995年后有干旱化倾向,冬季比其他季节更容易出现极端干湿事件;从空间上看,流域东南部湿润化趋势明显,具有春季流域中部干旱化,夏季北部以及东南部湿润化,秋季南部干旱化的态势;全流域各级湿润和干旱事件均呈增加趋势,湿润事件多出现在夏季,干旱事件多出现在秋、冬季;闽江流域在20~30 a的范围内存在干—湿—干的周期变化。ENSO对闽江流域干湿有显著影响,且具有一定的滞后性,暖、冷事件的影响分别在滞后1~4个月和3~5个月最显著。

气候变化背景下黄土高原干湿演变特征及成因分析

【目的】干旱频发对农业生产和生态健康造成了严重影响,探究黄土高原干湿演变特征及其成因。【方法】基于黄土高原71个站点获取1961-2020年温度、降水量、相对湿度、日照时间、风速等气象数据,采用标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)、Mann-Kendall检验、游程理论等方法,分析了黄土高原1961-2020年干湿演变规律及其成因。【结果】1961-2020年,黄土高原地区的温度整体呈明显上升趋势,有变暖趋势,而风速、相对湿度、日照时间呈明显下降趋势。从时间变化来看,降水量呈微弱下降趋势,ET_(0)呈先上升后下降趋势;从空间变化来看,西北部降水量增加,ET_(0)降低,有变“湿”趋势,而东北部降水量和ET_(0)都呈降低趋势,其干湿变化仍需讨论;从干湿演变规律来看,SPEI在1999年之前呈减小趋势,之后呈增大趋势,东南部干旱频率高,干旱历时、干旱严重度、干旱峰值低,极端干旱事件少有发生,西北部情况则与东南部相反;从干湿演变的成因来看,温度增加、降水量增大、ET_(0)减小属于黄土高原干湿演变特征的主要成因,黄土高原整体区域的温度与SPEI相关性较大,降水量和ET_(0)对黄土高原的干湿演变有较大影响,且ET_(0)对黄土高原干湿演变规律的影响强于降水量;此外,环流指数与SPEI的线性相关较弱,表明其对黄土高原的干湿演变影响较小,黄土高原干湿变化与中纬度西风带强弱和太阳黑子活动程度有较弱的相关性。【结论】综上可知,黄土高原从1960年开始呈暖干化趋势,1999年后呈暖湿化趋势。