Preparation and Anti-ultraviolet Aging Performance of Organic Layered Double Hydroxides/Bitumen Composites

Layered double hydroxides(LDHs) with the physical property of high ultraviolet(UV)reflectance were used to enhance the anti-UV aging performance of bitumen. In view of the poor compatibility of LDHs with bitumen, three organic anions, namely, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate(SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDSO), were used as modifiers to prepare organic LDHs(OCLDHs) through regeneration process, and the crystal structure, chemical composition, morphological feature and UV shielding capability of synthesized OCLDHs were analyzed. Then the OCLDHs were added into bitumen to evaluate the storage stability and anti-UV aging property of OCLDHs/bitumen composites.The results show that the organic anions are inserted into the interlayers of LDHs, the intercalation expands the interlayer distance of LDHs, makes the particle shapes become more irregular and complicated, and enhances the absorption ability within the range from 200 to 300 nm while has little influence on the UV reflection ability.Result of high temperature storage stability indicates the organic modification ameliorates the compatibility of LDHs with bitumen. Compared with LDHs, OCLDHs decrease the deteriorations of bitumen’s properties during UV exposure test, exhibiting better effect in enhancing anti-UV aging performance of bitumen. Furthermore,among the three OCLDHs, LDHs intercalated by SDBS exhibit the most effective improvement due to the best compatibility with bitumen and comparatively good UV shielding effect.

(Ag,Cu)/TiO_(2)汽车玻璃隔热膜的制备与表征

利用磁控溅射技术制备由金属(Ag,Cu)膜、介质层TiO_(2)膜组成的双层汽车玻璃隔热膜样品。利用单因素分析法考察了溅射时间、溅射功率和Ar溅射流量三个因素对(Ag,Cu)/TiO_(2)汽车玻璃隔热膜透光隔热性能的影响。实验结果表明,在在本底真空度3×10^(-3) Pa,溅射气压2.1 Pa条件下,靶基距均为70 mm时,金属(Ag,Cu)膜溅射时间18 s,溅射功率80 W,Ar溅射流量20 sccm;介质层TiO_(2)膜溅射时间50 min,溅射功率115 W,溅射流量25 sccm时,(Ag,Cu)/TiO_(2)汽车玻璃隔热膜的透光隔热性能最佳。

Ag掺杂In_(2)O_(3)薄膜的制备及其光电性能

为研究Ag的掺杂浓度对氧化铟薄膜禁带宽度、光开关比及光探测率等光电性能的影响,采用磁控溅射方法在石英(SiO_(2))衬底上制备不同浓度的Ag掺杂氧化铟(In_(2)O_(3)∶Ag)薄膜,并利用X射线衍射、 X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见分光光度计分析In_(2)O_(3)∶Ag薄膜的晶体结构、元素含量和价态、表面形貌、禁带宽度及光电性能.结果表明:随着Ag掺杂浓度的增加,In_(2)O_(3)∶Ag薄膜的透过率逐渐降低,禁带宽度由2.47 eV减小至2.08 eV,光探测率和光开关比增大;随着掺杂浓度的增加,光谱响应范围增加.

三元涂层Ag-Ru-Mn/Ti阳极的制备及性能研究

采用热分解法在350℃下制备了不同摩尔比的三元涂层Ag-Ru-Mn/Ti阳极,分析了Ag､Ru､Mn在不同摩尔比下钛阳极的电化学性能。利用X射线衍射(XRD)､扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对钛阳极涂层进行表面形貌和物相分析,结果表明,Mn可以改善涂层的形貌结构。通过循环伏安测试(CV)､线性扫描(LSV)和强化电解寿命测试(ALT)探究了涂层钛阳极的电化学行为,结果表明,添加合适比例的Ag､Mn可以改善涂层的电催化性､导电性和耐腐蚀能力,当n(Ag)∶n(Ru)∶n(Mn)=49∶21∶9时钛阳极的析氧电位为0.7206 V,当n(Ag)∶n(Ru)∶n(Mn)=49∶21∶9和n(Ag)∶n(Ru)∶n(Mn)=7∶3∶3时所制备的涂层钛阳极综合性能最好,使用寿命可达36.7 h和36.5 h。

氨基水杨酸改性单宁基树脂的制备及其对Ag(I)的吸附

以杨梅单宁为原料,采用氯代的方法制备得到氯化单宁,再与氨基水杨酸反应得到氨基水杨酸改性单宁,然后经多聚甲醛交联得到氨基水杨酸改性单宁基树脂.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对氨基水杨酸改性单宁基树脂的结构进行表征,并探究了溶液pH值、Ag(I)初始质量浓度、温度、时间等因素对氨基水杨酸改性单宁基树脂吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在温度为318 K、pH值为5.0、吸附时间为7 h、Ag(I)初始质量浓度为260 mg/L时,氨基水杨酸改性单宁基树脂对Ag(I)的最大吸附量可达239.6 mg/g,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和准二级动力学模型.这说明氨基水杨酸改性单宁基树脂具有良好Ag(I)吸附性能.

Ag/h-BNNS/PVP复合纤维膜光催化CO_(2)还原性能研究

为了改善纳米贵金属材料的光催化性能,以三聚氰胺和硼酸为原料,采用前驱体高温热解制备高比表面积的氮化硼纳米片(h-BNNS),将其真空浸渍AgNO3后加入到聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)纺丝液中,通过静电纺丝得到Ag/h-BNNS/PVP复合纤维膜,并对复合纤维膜的组成、微观结构和光电热等性能进行表征,以CO_(2)的还原反应为模型探究测试复合纤维膜的光催化剂性能。结果表明:银纳米颗粒(Ag NPs)均匀分散于复合纤维的表面,平均粒径小于10 nm;纳米Ag等离子共振效应显著提高了复合物纤维膜对可见光的吸收和电子-空穴对的分离效率,Ag NPs的引入提高了膜材料的热稳定性;制备工艺中的焙烧温度为250℃,Ag NPs的含量为1.0%时,复合纤维膜的光催化活性最佳(CO产率为300μmol/(g·h));Ag/h-BNNS/PVP复合膜经过10次循环使用后,光照8 h的CO产率不低于500μmol/g。通过掺杂Ag NPs改性h-BNNS,并将Ag/h-BNNS复合微粒负载于PVP纤维中可制备高效多孔复合膜催化剂,为氮化硼基催化剂的研究提供了理论参考。

Limb symmetry index in competitive alpine ski racers:Reference values and injury risk identification according to age-related performance levels

Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess differences of limb symmetry index(LSI) in strength-and coordination-related tasks between high-level, competitive, noninjured ski racers of different age-related performance levels and to prospectively assess limb differences as a possible risk factor for traumatic and overuse injury in youth ski racers.Methods: The study(Study 1) included 285 high-level competitive ski racers(125 females, 160 males) of 3 age-related performance levels and based on the school system: 95 youth(10à14 years, secondary modern school), 107 adolescent(15à19 years, grammar school), and 83 elite athletes(20à34 years). To investigate the second aim(Study 2), 67 of the 95 youth athletes were included and any traumatic or overuse injuries were prospectively recorded over 2 seasons. All athletes performed 4 unilateral tests(strength related: one-leg counter movement jump(OL-CMJ) and one-leg isometric/isokinetic press strength test(OL-ILS); coordination related: one-leg stability test(OL-ST) and one-leg speedy jump test(OL-SJ)). The LSI was calculated by dividing the dominant leg by the nondominant leg and multiplying by 100. Kruskal-Wallis H tests and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted.Results: There were significant differences between the LSI of the 3 age-related performance-level groups only in the strength-related tests: the OL-CMJ(x2(2, 285) = 9.09; p = 0.01) and the OL-ILS(x2(2, 285) = 14.79; p < 0.01). The LSI for OL-ILS was found to be a significant risk factor for traumatic injury in youth ski racers(Wald = 7.08; p < 0.01). No significant risk factors were found for overuse injuries.Conclusion: Younger athletes display slightly greater LSI values only in the strength-related tests. The cut-off value of limb differences of <10%for return to sport decisions seems to be appropriate for elite athletes, but for youth and adolescent athletes it has to be critically discussed. It seems to be necessary to define thresholds based on specific performance tasks(strength vs. coordination related) rather than on generalizations,and age-related performance levels must be considered. Limb differences in unilateral leg extension strength represent a significant injury risk factor in youth ski racers.

Assessment of early-age cracking of high-performance concrete in restrained ring specimens

High-performance concrete （HPC） is stronger and more durable than conventional concrete. However, shrinkage and shrinkage cracking are common phenomena in HPC, especially early-age cracking. This study assessed early-age cracking of HPC for two mixtures using restrained ring tests. The two mixtures were produced with water/binder mass ratio （mw/mB） of 0.22 and 0.40, respectively. The results show that, with greater steel thickness, the higher degree of restraint resulted in a higher interface pressure and earlier cracking. With steel thickness of 6 mm, 19 mm, and 30 mm, the age of cracking were, respectively, 12 days, 8 days, and 5.4 days with the mw/mB = 0.22 mixture; and 22.5 days, 12.6 days, and 7.1 days with the mw/mB= 0.40 mixture. Cases of the same steel thickness show that the ring specimens with a thicker concrete wall crack later. With the mw/mB = 0.22 mixture, concrete walls with thicknesses of 37.5 mm, 75 mm, and 112.5 mm cracked at 3.4 days, 8.0 days, and 9.8 days, respectively; with the mw/mB = 0.40 mixture, the ages of cracking were 7.1 days, 12.6 days, and 16.0 days, respectively.

Climate change and building ageing impact on building energy performance and mitigation measures application:A case study in Turin, northern Italy

This study uses a building energy performance simulation to investigate the impact of predicted climate warming and the additional issue of building ageing on the energy performance for a library in Turin,Italy.The climate and ageing factors were modelled individually and then integrated together for several decades.Results from the climate-only simulation showed a decrease in thebuilding heating energy usage which outweighed the increase in the on-site cooling energy demand occurring in a warming scenario.The study revealed a high sensitivity of energy performance to building ageing,in particular due to HVAC(Heating,Ventilation and Air Conditioning) equipment efficiency degradation.Building ageing was seen to negatively affect the energy performance as it induced a further increase of the cooling energy usage in a warming climate,while it also counteracted the reduction of the heating energy usage resulting from warming.Simulations on the combination of mitigation techniques showed a number of potentially retrofit measures that would be beneficial for buildings to avoid an increase in the cooling energy usage due to climate warming.The combination of these retrofit techniques showed a potential decrease of 87.3% in the final cooling energy usage for the considered building.

Ag3PO4 Microcrystals Synthesized by Room-Temperature Solid State Reaction:Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Photoelectronchemistry Performance

Ag3PO4 microcrystals with highly enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity are prepared by a facile and simple solid state reaction at room temperature. The composition, morphology and optical properties of the asprepared Ag3PO4 microcrystMs are characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The photocatalytie properties of Ag3PO4 are investigated by the degradation of both methylene blue and methyl orange dyes under visible light irradiation. The as-prepared Ag3PO4 microcrystals possess high photocatalytic oxygen production with the rate of 673μmolh-1g-1. Moreover, the as-prepared Ag3PO4 microcrystals show an enhanced photoelectrochemistry performance under irradiation of visible light.

Performance Survey of PVC Insulation of LC/Gecamines Electrical Cables Subjected to Ageing and Its Life Span Evaluation

Considering the insulators ageing in a mixture of PVC and dye, set following operating conditions and time to ensure proper operation and perfect safety of industrial installations using insulated conductors. The results showed that the insulation carried out by the L.C main office was a good quality (on thermal aspect), because the resistance of the insulation is so high (i.e. 3940 Mega Ohms under normal conditions). The results showed a lifespan of 50 years at a temperature of 40°C (close to ambient temperature), plus minus 33 years at a temperature of 70°C;plus minus 22 years at a temperature of 100°C and 12 years at a temperature of 160°C. Furthermore, information on chemical attack, the results showed that PVC cables have poor resistance to sulfuric acid attack (having a pH of 1.5 and a density of 1.84 g/cm3). LC/Gecamines is able to produce locally a good quality of electrical cables.

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag轮毂锻件的热稳定性

以峰时效态的Al-Cu-Mg-Ag轮毂锻件为研究对象,研究锻件不同热暴露温度和热暴露时间的室温拉伸性能和高温拉伸性能,并对锻件在不同温度下的热稳定性进行对比和分析,结果表明:Al-Cu-Mg-Ag锻件具有良好的热稳定性,在150℃暴露1~100 h后,室温拉伸性能和高温拉伸性能无显著变化;在150~200℃短时间热暴露1 h不会降低综合性能,但随着热暴露温度的升高和热暴露时间的延长,Al-Cu-Mg-Ag锻件强度产生不同程度的下降;在200℃和250℃暴露100 h后,室温屈服强度分别剩余61.1%和37.2%,室温抗拉强度分别剩余77.8%和60.8%,高温屈服强度分别剩余61.6%和42.8%,高温抗拉强度分别剩余67.5%和47.6%;Al-Cu-Mg-Ag锻件的主要析出相为Ω相和θ′相,在Kt=1和R=0.1的实验条件下,200℃/10 h热暴露后的室温疲劳极限为278 MPa,相比热暴露前的疲劳极限311 MPa降低了10.6%。

一种Ag掺杂的石墨烯锂金属负极三维集流体

锂金属负极在循环过程中会产生锂枝晶生长问题,导致电池循环寿命和库仑效率降低,甚至引起安全问题。锂枝晶生长的主要原因是锂金属负极中锂离子的电化学行为不受控引起的。为了解决这个问题,设计了一种由银(Ag)纳米颗粒、石墨烯和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)构成的锂金属负极集流体(GP@Ag)。利用银良好的亲锂特性及石墨烯对电子和锂离子的良好导电性,大大提高锂金属负极的电化学动力学性能。将所设计的集流体用于锂金属电池负极并进行电池性能测试,在1.0 C下循环350次,电池容量保持率可提高到93%,证明GP@Ag能有效抑制锂枝晶的生长,从而大大提高锂电池的循环寿命。

Moderate exercise prevents neurodegeneration in D-galactose-induced aging mice

D-galactose has been widely used in aging research because of its efficacy in inducing senescence and accelerating aging in animal models. The present study investigated the benefits of exercise for preventing neurodegeneration, such as synaptic plasticity, spatial learning and memory abilities, in mouse models of aging. D-galactose-induced aging mice were administered daily subcutaneous injections of D-galactose at the base of the neck for 10 consecutive weeks. Then, the mice were subjected to exercise training by running on a treadmill for 6 days a week. Shortened escape latency in a Morris water maze test indicated that exercise improved learning and memory in aging mice. The ameliorative changes were likely induced by an upregulation of Bcl-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the repression of apoptosis factors such as Fas and Bax, and an increase in the activity of glucose transporters-1 and 4. The data suggest moderate exercise may retard or inhibit neurodegeneration in D-galactose-induced aging mice.

Testing results analysis of contact materials’electrical contact performance

Because of the different ways in which contact materials work, the basic requirements for silver metal oxide contact materials are different. They are anti-welded and anti-erosion when closed, anti-erosion when broken, and arc easily moved and have smaller contact resistance. In this paper, La2O3 is used as a stable oxide in contact material to replace CdO. A new type of Ag/SnO2-La2O3-Bi2O3 contact material is first obtained through using powder metallurgical method. Then electrical contact material parameter tester is used to test the electrical contact performance of the contact material. Through experiments, the arcing voltage and current curves, arcing energy curves, fusion power curves while broken and contact resistance while closed were obtained. Analysis of the results showed that the addition of La2O3 makes the contact material have the following advantages: smaller electrical wear, smaller arc energy, smaller contact resistance and arc is more easily extinguished.

Dietary restriction to accompany the aging process in mice Can it be neuroprotective?

BACKGROUND： Prophylactic dietary restriction （DR）, whether lifelong or started in adulthood,retards the aging process and attenuates cognitive decline in rodents. However, whether the anti-aging and neuroprotective efficacy of DR initiate late in life or accompany the aging process remains unclear.OBJECTIVE： The present study sought to： （1） determine if DR could protect against behavioral decline in mice when implemented during the aging process induced by D-galactose and （2） examine neuronal apoptosis in these aged brains and whether DR could block apoptosis.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized controlled animal study. The experiment was performed at the Experimental Animal Center of Capital Medical University and the Laboratory Center of School of Public Health of Captial Medical University of China from April 2006 to October 2007.MATERIALS： D-galactose （D-gal） was purchased from Beijing Chemical-Regent Company （Beijing, China）. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） detection kit was obtained from Roche, Germany. Assay kits for antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde contents were purchased from Jiancheng Institute of Biotechnology （Nanjing, China）. Morris water maze （Friends Honesty Life Sciences Co. Ltd., Hong Kong, China） and Flow Cytometry （Coulter, USA） were used in this study.METHODS： A total of 40 male Institute of Cancer Research （lCR） mice, 3 months old, were equally and randomly divided into D-gal treatment, DR treatment, D-gal ＋ DR treatment and normal control groups, and were then randomly assigned to one of two feeding regimens： ad libitum access to food or DR which received a 70% amount of daily food intake as that by ad libitum fed mice. There were two replicates per feeding regimen and mice were fed for 10 weeks,with or without a daily subcutaneous injection of D-gal at 100 mg/kg.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Animals＇ spatial learning and memory performance were tested in the Morris water maze. Neuronal apoptosis rates were evaluated by Annexin V/flow cytometry assay and TUNEL assay. Lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant defense capacity of the brain were measured using testing kits.RESULTS： DR markedly reduced the prolonged escape latency of D-gal mice in the water maze test （P〈0.01）. Annexin V and TUNEL assays showed that the D-gal mice had a significant higher percentage of neuronal apoptosis compared with normal control mice （P〈0.05）, and that DR treatment markedly decreased this apoptotic cell death （P〈0.05）. DR also reversed the decline of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and the increase of malondialdehyde levels in the brain of D-gal mice （P〈0.05, respectively）.CONCLUSION： DR reduces the impact of D-gal-induced brain aging in mice and can reverse performance decline and neurobiochemical impairments. These results demonstrate that implementation of DR in conditions of chronic oxidative stress can be neuroprotective, and that senium DR can be beneficial for healthy aging.

Does endurance training improve red blood cell aging and hemorheology in moderate-trained healthy individuals?

Objective:To examine the impact of a 6-week endurance training on red blood cell(RBC)aging and deformability of healthy participants to detect possible improved hemorheological and performance-related adaptations.Methods:A total of 31 participants(17 females and 14 males)performed a 6-week moderate training protocol(three 1-h running sessions per week at 70%of maximal heart rate).Blood was sampled before and after the training.RBCs from each participant were fractioned according to density and age into 4 RBC subfractions.Subfractions were examined for changes of RBC properties,including aging distribution,RBC deformability,RBC microparticles,and phosphatidylserine concentrations.RBC and plasma nitrite levels were measured as indicators of nitric oxide metabolism.Results:Aerobic performance,peak oxygen consumption,ventilatory thresholds,velocity at the aerobic-anaerobic threshold,and lactate at exhaustion improved after training.The relative amount of both young RBCs and old RBCs increased,and the amount of the main RBC fraction decreased.Phosphatidylserine externalization and RBC-derived microparticles decreased.Overall deformability expressed as shear stress required to achieve half-maximum deformation to theoretical maximal elongation index at infinite shear stress improved in unfractioned RBCs(p<0.001).Nitrite decreased in total(p=0.001),young(p<0.001),main(p<0.001),and old(p=0.020)aged RBCs and in plasma(p=0.002),but not in very old RBCs.Conclusion:These results indicate that non-endurance-trained healthy participants benefit from a regular moderate running training program because performance-related parameters improve and a younger RBC population with improved RBC properties is induced,which might support oxygen supply in the microcirculation.

Nanojunctions Contributing to High Performance Thermoelectric ZnO-Based Inorganic-Organic Hybrids

Organic-inorganic nanojunctions can result in a selective scattering of charge carrier depending on their energy, which leads to a simultaneous increase in the Seebeck coefficient S and the power factor. In this work, the nanojunction is successfully employed at the organic-inorganic semiconductor interface of polyparaphenylene （PPP） and Zn1-xAgxO nanoparticles through the sol-gel method. The presence of nanoinclusions PPP in Zno.gAgoa 0 matrix is found to be effective in improving the figure of merit （ZT） by the dual effects of an increase in the power factor consistent with the heterojunetion effect and a reduction in thermal conductivity. Zno.gAgo.10/0.1 wt% PPP exhibits a maximum figure of merit, i.e., ZT= 0.22.

双功能基聚倍半硅氧烷的合成及其对Hg^(2+)和Ag^(+)的吸附性能研究

本文采用溶胶凝胶法,通过酸催化水解、碱催化缩合合成了含氮、硫双功能基的聚倍半硅氧烷(ASPSS),研究了其对Hg^(2+)和Ag^(+)的吸附性能;并探究了溶液pH值、时间、温度、金属离子初始浓度等因素对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:ASPSS对Hg^(2+)和Ag^(+)均表现出良好的吸附性能,在pH值为6时吸附性能最佳;对Hg^(2+)和Ag^(+)的吸附分别在360 min和270 min达到平衡,动力学吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型且液膜扩散为控速步骤;等温吸附数据表明,ASPSS对两种金属离子的吸附量随温度和金属离子浓度的增大而增大,吸附过程符合Langmuir模型,为单分子层吸附;热力学参数表明,ASPSS对两种金属离子的吸附过程均为自发进行的、吸热、熵增的过程。本研究为水体中Hg^(2+)和Ag^(+)的高效脱除提供了一种高效吸附剂,在滨海生态环境保护领域具有潜在应用价值。