Concept Derivation in the Conceptual Planning of Jiuzhouwa Eco-Wetland Park

Through analyzing problems exist in the conceptual planning of Jiuzhouwa Eco-Wetland Park, the derivation process and approach of its core concepts were discussed.

Application of Eco-design in Jiuxi Wetland Park in Yuxi City of Yunnan Province

Based on the site analysis,functional orientations of this wetland park were determined by classifying it into wetland and dry land,to settle conflicts between wetland and park.Eco-design concepts was applied in the whole process of planning,this study focused on tourists' experiencing natural landscapes,cultural landscapes and site cultures,adopted vernacular buildings and local plants,employed permeable pavement materials instead of traditional pipes for rainwater management.Traditional gardening techniques were applied and natural laws were followed in the overall planning of this park;accessibility and security were attached sufficient importance in its traffic organization.In this way,the expected ecological,social and economic effects would be realized.

Landscape ecological assessment and eco-tourism development in the South Dongting Lake Wetland, China

As an important resource and the living environment of mankind, wetland has become gradually a highlight, strongly concerned and intensively studied by scientists and sociologists. The governments in the world and the whole society have been paying more and more attention on it. The Dongting Lake of China is regarded as an internationally important wetland. For a rational development and protection of the wetland, an investigation and studied on its resources and its value to tourism in the South Dongting Lake was conducted, to create an assessment system of the ecological landscapes, and to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the value of wetland landscape to the eco-tourism. The results showed that the scenic value of the South Dongting Lake Wetland satisfied the criterion of AAAA grade of China national scenic attraction. The eco-tourism value of the landscape cultures in the South Dongting Lake Wetland was discussed with emphasis. It were formulated that a principle and frame of sustainable exploitation of the wetland landscapes and it was proposed as well that establishing a Wetland Park and developing eco-tourism in the South Dongting Lake. Wetland is a fragile ecosystem with low resistance to the impact of the exploitation. Thus, we must pay intensively attention to the influence of exploitation on the landscape, take the ecological risk in account to employ a right countermeasure and avoid the negative affection.

Eco-compensation effects of the wetland recovery in Dongting Lake area

Eco-compensation is an environmental economic instrument for internalization of external cost. Returning farmland to lake is one of the important parts of restoring wetland ecosystem function in the Yangtze River Valley of China. Whether the project of lake recovery can be successful depends on the compensation to the farmers who have lost their original benefits and contributed to the wetland ecosystem recovery by returning farmland to lake. Aiming at the wetland recovery of the Dongting Lake, the practical implementation of pro- grams of the lake recovery and flood control in this area has been challenged by the heavy task of population resettlement, so it is an ideal area for case studies to reach the academic objectives proposed as the above. Based on field survey and experimentation, this research evaluated the benefit losses of the resettled farmers and the increased values of ecosystem service functions caused by wetland recovery, and furthermore, the value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers was calculated by considering the combination of the farmers＇ compensation appeal. The value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers in the Dongting Lake area was 6084.5 yuan per household by synthetic analysis of the effects on wetland ecosystem restoration. Moreover, this article took Dongting Lake area as a case to study and explore the basic issues of the eco-compensation by returning farmland to lake, that was who should pay, who should be paid, how much the payment was and what the payment means was, which sought the mechanisms of wetland restoration eco-compensation and prompted the people＇s enthusiasms for ecological restoration.

Eco-tourism Value and Utilization Design of Constructed Wetland Park

The paper had emphasized that constructed wetland park was a "win-win" artificial tourist program integrating wetland function and park function and springing up exuberantly at present,and highlighted that it possessed good landscape effect and eco-tourism value in addition to treatment of water pollution and recovery of ecological environment.From the perspectives of ornamental value,science popularization and environmental education value,and multiple experience value,it had analyzed eco-tourism value of constructed wetland park and pointed out that the important approach for maximum display of its eco-tourism value was to well design and build constructed wetland park or constructed wetland eco-tourist area.Furthermore,by taking constructed wetland park for example,the paper had discussed design and utilization of eco-tourism value of constructed wetland park,highlighted three aspects covering perfection of landscape creation and leisure facilities,display of popular science education,design and organization of experience activity,so as to bring the comprehensive value of constructed wetland park into full play and promote healthy development of eco-tourism in constructed wetland park.

基于Biolog-Eco法对鄱阳湖不同湿地类型下土壤微生物功能多样性

湖泊湿地在水情驱动下,形成了以湖泊湿地为核心的多种湿地类型,本研究选择鄱阳湖4种湿地(草洲、泥滩、河口和湖泊湿地)土壤作为研究对象。采用Biolog-Eco微平板法分析不同湿地土壤微生物的功能代谢特征。结果发现,草洲湿地土壤微生物代谢活性最高,其次是河口,最后是泥滩和湖泊湿地,同时草洲还表现出最高的功能多样性。此外,4种湿地土壤均表现出对羧酸类、氨基酸类和胺类碳源具有较强的代谢能力,但不同湿地土壤中的微生物对碳源利用能力也表现出显著差异:相较于其他湿地类型下土壤微生物,草洲对氨基酸类碳源具有更高的利用能力;泥滩湿地更倾向于利用氨基酸类碳源;河口湿地对酚酸类和胺类碳源具有更高的利用能力;湖泊湿地更倾向于利用羧酸类碳源。相关性分析发现,湿地土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力主要受含水量和pH的负向影响,可溶性有机碳和微生物生物量碳的正向影响。

Hydrological setting of infertile species-rich wetland——a case study in the warm temperate Japan

The detailed groundwater flow and water chemistry to illustrate landscape structure of the infertile peatless mire by using piezometers and groundwater wells were measured. The instruments were installed in lines through a small spring-fed wetland underlying little peat from the hillslope to the valley bottom in southwestern Japan. Flow net and EC data clearly indicated that the wetland was situated in a high-EC groundwater upspring area. The low-productivity graminous vegetation was related with four hydrological factors such as: (1) high water level; (2) low-EC(<25 micro S/cm) groundwater; (3) weakly upward hydraulic gradient; and (4) overflowing of negatively pressured groundwater. In other words, the “old or deep groundwater” constructed the foundation of slope-wetland, and maintained the high groundwater level. In contrast, overflowing “youthful groundwater” is supplied from head of slope-wetland preferentially through the shallow substratum. The plant communities of the peatless mire in southwestern Japan are similar to those of raised bog in northern cool temperate Japan. There have been some reports verifying that the underlying mineral substrata of such wetlands were quartzile rocks such as granite, rhyolite, chart and well-leached sand. Results showed (1) low cation availability affects the water acidity; (2) upward seepage of high-EC groundwater composed the foundation of the investigated peatless mire; and (3) the poor mineral condition seems to play a similar role to northern ombrotrophic(rain-fed) condition.

塘-湿地复合生态系统处理石油化工废水的效能

应用多级塘（厌氧塘，兼性塘，好氧塘和冬季储留塘）湿地复合生态系统对石油化工废水进行强化处理和利用，处理能力10万m^3／d。结果表明，多级塘湿地复合生态系统在寒冷地区对石油化工废水处理效果良好，最终处理单元芦苇湿地出水的COD、BOD5、TN、NH4^＋-N、TP和石油类物质的平均值分别可达到7508，7．51，10．63，5．12，0．5，4．63mg／L．植物生长季节（5～10月），系统对各污染物的去除效果均优于非植物生长季节，系统中的储留塘可实现污水在冬季（11月～裂年5月）的零排放，保证全年处理效果。

湿地稻-鸭复合系统的CH_4排放规律

采用小区试验 ,大田试验研究湿地稻 -鸭复合生态系统甲烷排放规律。稻鸭复合生态系统中甲烷排放随季节变化 ,在早稻 -晚稻耕作制度条件下 ,6月上旬和 7月底分别有 2个高峰。早稻与晚稻的排放规律也各异 ,早稻甲烷排放峰值出现在水稻幼穗分化期 ,最高值为 1 3 .6 93 mg/(m2 .h) ,晚稻峰值出现在分蘖盛期 ,可达 2 3 .1 45～ 1 0 5 .5 95 mg/(m2 .h)。养鸭处理与常规栽培甲烷排放差异达极显著水平。稻田养鸭的早稻生育期间甲烷排放总量为 5 .5 1 7g/m2 ,传统栽培为 9.89g/m2 。稻田养鸭的晚稻生育期间排放总量为 1 0 .1 1 3 g/m2 ,传统栽培为 1 7.0 5 4 g/m2 。稻田养鸭与传统栽培比较 ,土壤氧化还原电位增加 1 5 .3 m V,还原物质总量、活性还原物质总量、活性有机还原物质总量分别降低 0 .3 6 5 cmol/kg、0 .2 4 2 cmol/kg和 0 .1 80 cmol/kg。土壤氧化还原特性影响甲烷排放通量 ,土壤还原物质总量、活性还原物质及活性有机还原物质数量与甲烷排放通量的相关系数分别为 0 .80 5、0 .791、0 .76 9。

生态沟-湿地系统对稻田排水中氮素的去除效果

为研究灌排调控下生态沟-湿地系统对稻田排水中氮素的原位削减效果,探讨低碳氮比对于系统氮素去除效果的影响.依据大田试验观测资料,分析了控制灌排模式下生态沟-湿地系统水体中氮素质量浓度变化规律和碳氮比分布特征.结果表明,控制灌排模式下生态沟-湿地系统对稻田排水中氮素去除效果显著,施肥后排水中TN,NH4+-N和NO3--N质量浓度出现峰值,在农沟拦蓄后质量浓度大幅下降,氮素平均去除率分别为63.9%,67.8%和83.2%.进入湿地再次净化后,氮素质量浓度进一步降低,平均去除率分别为47.7%,44.3%和82.0%.控制灌排模式下系统水体中有机质对水环境影响较小,水体碳氮比水平总体偏低.控制灌排模式下生态沟-湿地系统很好地实现了对氮素的原位削减,低碳氮比对于系统氮素去除效果的影响不大.

复合塘-湿地生态系统处理草浆造纸中段废水运行效果

应用复合塘-湿地生态系统对草浆造纸中段废水进行强化处理,处理能力3万m3/d。最终处理单元出水的CODCr、BOD5、TSS浓度的全年平均值分别可达到105.8、102.1、39.8mg/L。系统夏季的运行效果优于冬季,但是系统设计包含了总容量270万m3的净化存储塘,可实现冬季3个月系统废水全部存储不外排,保证全年出水达到排放标准。

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的TEM基因测序

目的 对产超广谱 β-内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)的肺炎克雷伯菌 (Kpn)和大肠埃希菌 (Eco)的TEM基因进行序列测定。 方法 分A、B、C 3段扩增TEM基因 ,并对A、B、C 3段扩增产物进行四色荧光标记全自动测序。 结果 来源于呼吸道 (痰 )的 3株Kpn和分别来源于呼吸道 (痰 )、泌尿道 (尿 )、胆道 (胆汁 )和分泌物中的 1 1株Eco测得的TEM序列完全一致。 结论 被检测的来源于不同病灶、不同菌种(Kpn与Eco)的超广谱β -内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)含同种TEM的质粒。

土壤盐渍化对滨海湿地生态环境质量的影响--以黄河三角洲为例

土壤盐渍化是土地退化和沙漠化的重要原因之一,会对生态环境造成巨大的影响。滨海湿地属于典型的生态环境脆弱地区且盐渍化特征突出,迫切需要研究土壤盐渍化对湿地生态环境的影响。该文提出基于基线的盐渍化指数(baseline-based soil salinity index,BSSI),有效抑制了复杂地物对地表盐渍化监测带来的影响,盐渍化土壤提取精度高于其他盐分指数模型10%;随后通过改进顾及水效益的生态环境质量指数(water benefit-based ecological index,WBEI)提出优化的顾及水效益的生态环境质量指数(optimized water benefit-based ecological index,OWBEI),使生态环境质量评估精度有效提高至87%;最后,以黄河三角洲为例获取其土壤盐渍化分布和生态环境质量分布,探讨土壤盐渍化对生态环境质量的影响机制。结果表明,随着盐渍化程度的不断加深,滨海湿地的土壤脆弱性不断增加,间接导致生态环境质量持续变差。尽管生态环境保护措施不断提出,但针对盐渍化土壤的保护措施较少,导致生态质量状况恶化并负反馈于土壤,最终形成恶性循环,不利于当地生产生活和社会发展。

无铅ECO弹性体胶料

该文针对福特公司和大众公司的两个汽车胶管的标准列举了一些实例 ,以证明 TCY硫化体系完全可以在 ECO弹性体中替代铅 /ETU硫化体系。该文例举了大量事实证明了 ECO胶料的耐油及耐燃料性取决于聚合物的结构 。

多级人工湿地-塘组合系统对微污染水体污染物去除效果的实验研究

采用多级人工湿地-塘组合系统处理微污染水体,考察水力停留时间的变化条件下系统对COD、TP、浊度、氨氮等去除效果的影响.实验结果表明:在水力停留时间为5d时,COD、TP、浊度、氨氮去除率分别为62%、75%、80%、60%,多级人工湿地-塘组合系统能够有效的去除微污染水体污染物质.

我国湿地土壤动物生态地理分布研究进展

土壤动物是湿地系统的重要成分,能改善土壤的性质、调节物质的分解、促进养分的循环、指示环境的变化等。目前,针对湿地土壤动物的生态地理分布、不同湿地土壤动物群落结构及物种多样性差异的研究较少,为进一步了解我国湿地土壤动物生态地理分布、群落结构及物种多样性差异,梳理了1979-2023年我国关于土壤动物生态地理分布和不同湿地土壤动物群落结构差异研究的相关文献。研究表明:目前对湿地土壤动物生态地理分布、生态特征和生态功能的研究具有明显的区域性。不同湿地土壤动物的优势类群不同,在土层中具有明显的表聚性,以腐食性动物为主,蜱螨类(A)和弹尾类(C)数量比具有典型的地带性,不同湿地土壤动物种类和数量具有典型的季节性变化,呈现出典型的湿地特征。建议在今后的研究中,将分子生物学技术应用到土壤动物分类和多样性研究中,深入研究土壤动物分布与地理环境的关系,筛选出不同湿地环境中的指示类群,加强土壤动物在湿地生态恢复中的应用性研究。

人工湿地模块化基质脱氮除磷性能研究

选取碱、Mg^(2+)和Zn^(2+)复合改性的沸石、石灰石和硅藻土为骨料,参照植生型多孔混凝土制作方法,制作了七种不同骨料体积比的模块化人工湿地基质。通过静态吸附实验对其脱氮除磷性能进行比较。筛选出三种模块化基质进行等温吸附实验和动力学吸附实验,对其脱氮除磷机制进行研究。结果表明:以单一改性沸石为骨料的模块化基质脱NH_(4)^(+)-N效果最好,其理论最大吸附量为45.79 mg/g;以三种改性基质按体积比1∶1∶1配比为骨料制作的模块化基质除PO_(4)^(3-)-P效果最好,其理论最大吸附量为11.52 mg/g;准二级吸附动力学模型能更好地拟合三种基质脱氮除磷的吸附动力学过程,三种基质对NH_(4)^(+)-N和PO_(4)^(3-)-P的吸附速率均受化学吸附速率控制。

湿地生态产品财产权的类型化建构

清晰界定湿地生态产品及其财产权益是促进湿地生态产品价值实现、有效保障湿地生态产品权益的关键。文章在厘定湿地生态产品和湿地生态产品财产权的概念,概述国内外湿地生态产品财产权的理论和实践成果基础上,解析了湿地生态产品财产权的主体、客体和内容,对湿地生态产品财产权进行了类型化构建。湿地生态产品是湿地生态效益的产品化和类型化,是生态产品的重要组成。“外部性理论”“应得理论”和权利来源于“不义理论”为湿地生态产品财产权提供了坚实的理论基础,国内外实践也蕴含并支撑着湿地生态产品财产权益。湿地生态产品财产权是公私主体对所供给的湿地生态产品的占有、使用、收益和处分等系列财产权益。湿地生态产品财产权构建可为合理分配湿地生态产品财产权益,广泛吸引社会主体和各方资本参与湿地生态产品供给奠定基础。

鄂东白莲河湿地生态地质环境质量评价

白莲河湿地位于大别山生态功能区,是华中地区重要的生态屏障。近几十年来,该湿地受人类活动影响的程度不断加剧,迫切需要对其生态地质环境质量现状进行全面评估。对白莲河湿地的生态地质环境条件及主要问题进行综合分析,基于遥感解译和白莲河水库及入库支流地表水、环库土壤取样测试结果,选取地质环境、生态环境、社会环境等3个一级指标和15个次级指标,建立白莲河湿地生态地质环境质量评价指标体系,利用ArcGIS空间分析技术和层次分析法,对其进行质量评价。结果表明,研究区可划分为质量良好区、较好区、中等区和较差区4个等级区,其面积占比分别为45.63%、26.94%、21.52%、5.91%;生态地质环境问题主要分布在白莲河水库库首东河及西河、库东瓦寺前河及如意河、库尾大坝及第一溢洪道沿岸区域;污染源、地表水环境质量、滩涂湿地演变、地貌类型、地质构造是影响白莲河湿地生态地质环境质量的主要因素。研究成果可以为白莲河湿地恢复与保护、资源的合理利用、自然保护区的建设等提供地质依据。