The environment evolution of Wuliangsuhai wetland since 1986 is analyzed based on the remote sensing principle. The total water area of Wuliangsuhai lake has been increased during the past 17 years. The open water are...The environment evolution of Wuliangsuhai wetland since 1986 is analyzed based on the remote sensing principle. The total water area of Wuliangsuhai lake has been increased during the past 17 years. The open water area had an increasing trend before 1987, and the trend was decreasing up to 1996, then the trend has increased again since 2000; the variation of the water area with dense aquatic weed is basically contradictory to the variation of open water area. The natural reed area had been decreased before 1987, and then it has been increased. The areas of shallow water and swamp have been slightly increased, in fact, the variations are quite steady. The artificial reed area has been increased since the reed plantation was started in 1988. The relationships of the water environment, the climate, hydrology and different types of areas are discussed, and then the technological measures for sustainable development and utilization of Wuliangsuhai lake water environment are proposed.展开更多
There has been a rapid development in the construction of wetland parks in China in recent years.This paper discussed the progress in the research of Chinese wetland parks that covered the aspects of wetland resources...There has been a rapid development in the construction of wetland parks in China in recent years.This paper discussed the progress in the research of Chinese wetland parks that covered the aspects of wetland resources,landscape and environment.The function of wetland parks,the evaluation of landscape and the exploiting of resources;the landscape concept and landscape planning and design;the plant environment,the water environment and the recreation environment were all reviewed.The research of Chinese wetland parks started later but developed rapidly,having remarkable achievements in practice and functional studies,and there are still some shortcomings in the researches to be improved.At last,the key points which should be researched urgently in the future were discussed.展开更多
The rapid development of mariculture in China in recent decades has satisfied people's demand of seafood, and has made a great contribution to economic development. However, mariculture has also caused some negati...The rapid development of mariculture in China in recent decades has satisfied people's demand of seafood, and has made a great contribution to economic development. However, mariculture has also caused some negative impacts on the eco-environment. By statistically analyzing national data(as well as data for four main provinces) regarding the mariculture area and cultivation species in China since reform and opening up, the historical evolution of mariculture during the past 40 years was analyzed, the driving factors related to policy, market and technology innovation were discussed, and the potential impacts of mariculture on the coastal eco-environment were also illustrated. The statistical results indicated that the maricultural area increased radically during the past 40 years, from 1979(116.47 × 10~3 ha) to 2012(2205.65 × 10~3 ha), with an increase of nearly 20-fold. Shandong Province represented the fastest-growing region, with an increase of 31-fold. Moreover, the cultivated species had gradually become diversified. Initially, shellfish and algae were major species, and then it developed to various species including fish, and currently shellfish and crustaceans were the major species. The development of mariculture was driven by government policies, market economy and technology innovation. Rapid development of mariculture also caused significantly adverse impacts on the eco-environment of the coastal regions. For example, the sea reclamation for mariculture decreased the area and function of coastal wetlands and the contaminants originating from mariculture destroyed the coastal aquatic environment. Fortunately, the implementation of ‘13 th Five-Year Fisheries Planning' is expected to help both improve the seafood quality and reduce the contamination in coastal aquatic environment. This current study will provide reference for management and structure adjustment of mariculture in the future.展开更多
The Zoige Wetland is located in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which is highly sensitive to global environment change and human disturbance because of its high elevation and cold environment, thus, it＇s a ...The Zoige Wetland is located in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which is highly sensitive to global environment change and human disturbance because of its high elevation and cold environment, thus, it＇s a hotspot for land use and land cover change （LUCC） research. We used Landsat MSS images from 1975, Landsat ETM images from 2000, and Landsat TM images fi：om 1990 and 2005 to assess the LUCC in the study area, using GIS techniques, as well as topographic, vegetation, and soil maps combined with field investigations. The monitoring result shows that the study area＇s environment degraded rapidly between 1975 and 2005, including wetland shrinkage from 5,308 km2 to 4,980 lan2, sandy land expansion from 112 krn2 to 137 krn2, forest land decreasing from 5,686 km2 to 5,443 km2, and grassland degradation from 12,309 km2 to 10,672 km2. According to the analysis of meteorological data and social-economic statistical data, we concluded that the LUCC in the Zoige Wetland was caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors, but human activities were primarily responsible for the observed LUCC, thereby, we suggest human behaviors must be adjusted to control environmental degradation.展开更多
The ecological function of wetland is introduced from the angles of natural conservation reservoir, flood irrigation, coastal land protection and erosion management. The threats and degradation of wetland are analyzed...The ecological function of wetland is introduced from the angles of natural conservation reservoir, flood irrigation, coastal land protection and erosion management. The threats and degradation of wetland are analyzed. In the end, protection of ecological system of wetland is proposed.展开更多
A field survey was carried out to determine the vegetation structure of the Lukanga Swamp Ramsar site in central Zambia. The aim of the study was to identify the different vegetation communities, species composition a...A field survey was carried out to determine the vegetation structure of the Lukanga Swamp Ramsar site in central Zambia. The aim of the study was to identify the different vegetation communities, species composition and distribution patterns for improved habitat management. Sampling was conducted in all recognizable vegetation communities. The results of the survey showed that the swamp was a littoral palustrine wetland predominantly characterized by the dominance of Leersia hexandria Swartz (42.02%), Typha capensis Rohrb (62.43%), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud (33.61%), Aeschynomeme fluitans Peter (31.58%) and Polygonum senegalense Meisn (48.8%). The occurrence of Vossia cuspidata Griff and Cyperus papyrusL was restricted to small and isolated locations. Short Termitaria was generally covered by Acrocerus macrum Stapf (35.25%) while tall Termitaria was dominated by Panicum maximum Jacq. (26.00%). The most important woody plant species included Combretum ghasalense Engl. et Diels (I. V = 62.88), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax ((I. V = 90.48), Albizia adianthifolia (Schmacher) W.F. Wight (I. V = 135.63) Isoberlinia angolensis Hyle and Brenan (I. V = 87.25). The current structure of the hydrophytes composition observed in this study was an indication of a generally silting wetland, while the dominant occurrence of understorey woody plants in the surrounding vegetation signified degraded miombo vegetation. It was concluded that the ecological status of wetland habitat was potentially threatened by mainly anthropogenic activities such as;wildfires, and unsustainable exploitation of surrounding vegetation. Further research is required to examine water flows, eutrophication and the long-term effects of deforestation on the ecological functioning of the wetland.展开更多
环境DNA(eDNA)技术作为新兴生物多样性监测方法,具有非侵入性、高效性及灵敏性的特点.为探究基于宏基因组测序的eDNA技术对喀斯特湖泊硅藻监测的适用性,以贵州草海为例,采集草海湖滨带的水样及表层沉积物样品,运用宏基因组学与eDNA相结...环境DNA(eDNA)技术作为新兴生物多样性监测方法,具有非侵入性、高效性及灵敏性的特点.为探究基于宏基因组测序的eDNA技术对喀斯特湖泊硅藻监测的适用性,以贵州草海为例,采集草海湖滨带的水样及表层沉积物样品,运用宏基因组学与eDNA相结合的方法,分析浮游及沉积硅藻的群落组成、生物多样性及KEGG代谢功能.结果表明:①草海硅藻群落共注释到4纲23目36科54属78种,在科分类阶元上以舟形藻科和海链藻科为优势类群.硅藻群落的Chao1指数平均值为42.88±15.35,Shannon-Wiener指数平均值为2.09±0.29.②硅藻群落KEGG通路功能最具代表性的是全局和概述图谱(global and overview maps),其次是能量代谢、翻译;优势KO基因主要为atpF基因、secA基因、rplT基因、rpoA基因、argH基因.③主坐标分析(PCoA)和相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明硅藻群落存在显著的环境介质差异;LEfSe分析揭示浮游硅藻群落的差异标志物主要为海链藻属(Thalassiosira)、小环藻属(Cyclotella),沉积硅藻主要是管状藻属(Fistulifera)、褐指藻属(Phaeodactylum)、微壳藻属(Nanofrustulum)等;Wilcoxon秩和检验表明,浮游硅藻的差异基因集中在叶酸生物合成通路、嘧啶代谢,沉积硅藻的差异基因集中在光合作用、氧化磷酸化等代谢功能.研究显示,高灵敏性的eDNA宏基因组技术能有效描述草海湖泊硅藻群落及多样性,在喀斯特湖泊生物多样性监测及水生态环境健康评估具有广阔的应用前景.展开更多
基金国家自然科学基金，内蒙古自然科学基金，The Key Scientific and Technologic Project of the 10th Five-Year Plan of Inner Mongolia
文摘The environment evolution of Wuliangsuhai wetland since 1986 is analyzed based on the remote sensing principle. The total water area of Wuliangsuhai lake has been increased during the past 17 years. The open water area had an increasing trend before 1987, and the trend was decreasing up to 1996, then the trend has increased again since 2000; the variation of the water area with dense aquatic weed is basically contradictory to the variation of open water area. The natural reed area had been decreased before 1987, and then it has been increased. The areas of shallow water and swamp have been slightly increased, in fact, the variations are quite steady. The artificial reed area has been increased since the reed plantation was started in 1988. The relationships of the water environment, the climate, hydrology and different types of areas are discussed, and then the technological measures for sustainable development and utilization of Wuliangsuhai lake water environment are proposed.
基金Supported by Major Program of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(040132)
文摘There has been a rapid development in the construction of wetland parks in China in recent years.This paper discussed the progress in the research of Chinese wetland parks that covered the aspects of wetland resources,landscape and environment.The function of wetland parks,the evaluation of landscape and the exploiting of resources;the landscape concept and landscape planning and design;the plant environment,the water environment and the recreation environment were all reviewed.The research of Chinese wetland parks started later but developed rapidly,having remarkable achievements in practice and functional studies,and there are still some shortcomings in the researches to be improved.At last,the key points which should be researched urgently in the future were discussed.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2013CB430401)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0500404-4)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2017274)
文摘The rapid development of mariculture in China in recent decades has satisfied people's demand of seafood, and has made a great contribution to economic development. However, mariculture has also caused some negative impacts on the eco-environment. By statistically analyzing national data(as well as data for four main provinces) regarding the mariculture area and cultivation species in China since reform and opening up, the historical evolution of mariculture during the past 40 years was analyzed, the driving factors related to policy, market and technology innovation were discussed, and the potential impacts of mariculture on the coastal eco-environment were also illustrated. The statistical results indicated that the maricultural area increased radically during the past 40 years, from 1979(116.47 × 10~3 ha) to 2012(2205.65 × 10~3 ha), with an increase of nearly 20-fold. Shandong Province represented the fastest-growing region, with an increase of 31-fold. Moreover, the cultivated species had gradually become diversified. Initially, shellfish and algae were major species, and then it developed to various species including fish, and currently shellfish and crustaceans were the major species. The development of mariculture was driven by government policies, market economy and technology innovation. Rapid development of mariculture also caused significantly adverse impacts on the eco-environment of the coastal regions. For example, the sea reclamation for mariculture decreased the area and function of coastal wetlands and the contaminants originating from mariculture destroyed the coastal aquatic environment. Fortunately, the implementation of ‘13 th Five-Year Fisheries Planning' is expected to help both improve the seafood quality and reduce the contamination in coastal aquatic environment. This current study will provide reference for management and structure adjustment of mariculture in the future.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41201002)Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.51Y184A61)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(Grant No.2012M512050)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41130533,41171010)
文摘The Zoige Wetland is located in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which is highly sensitive to global environment change and human disturbance because of its high elevation and cold environment, thus, it＇s a hotspot for land use and land cover change （LUCC） research. We used Landsat MSS images from 1975, Landsat ETM images from 2000, and Landsat TM images fi：om 1990 and 2005 to assess the LUCC in the study area, using GIS techniques, as well as topographic, vegetation, and soil maps combined with field investigations. The monitoring result shows that the study area＇s environment degraded rapidly between 1975 and 2005, including wetland shrinkage from 5,308 km2 to 4,980 lan2, sandy land expansion from 112 krn2 to 137 krn2, forest land decreasing from 5,686 km2 to 5,443 km2, and grassland degradation from 12,309 km2 to 10,672 km2. According to the analysis of meteorological data and social-economic statistical data, we concluded that the LUCC in the Zoige Wetland was caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors, but human activities were primarily responsible for the observed LUCC, thereby, we suggest human behaviors must be adjusted to control environmental degradation.
文摘The ecological function of wetland is introduced from the angles of natural conservation reservoir, flood irrigation, coastal land protection and erosion management. The threats and degradation of wetland are analyzed. In the end, protection of ecological system of wetland is proposed.
文摘A field survey was carried out to determine the vegetation structure of the Lukanga Swamp Ramsar site in central Zambia. The aim of the study was to identify the different vegetation communities, species composition and distribution patterns for improved habitat management. Sampling was conducted in all recognizable vegetation communities. The results of the survey showed that the swamp was a littoral palustrine wetland predominantly characterized by the dominance of Leersia hexandria Swartz (42.02%), Typha capensis Rohrb (62.43%), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud (33.61%), Aeschynomeme fluitans Peter (31.58%) and Polygonum senegalense Meisn (48.8%). The occurrence of Vossia cuspidata Griff and Cyperus papyrusL was restricted to small and isolated locations. Short Termitaria was generally covered by Acrocerus macrum Stapf (35.25%) while tall Termitaria was dominated by Panicum maximum Jacq. (26.00%). The most important woody plant species included Combretum ghasalense Engl. et Diels (I. V = 62.88), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax ((I. V = 90.48), Albizia adianthifolia (Schmacher) W.F. Wight (I. V = 135.63) Isoberlinia angolensis Hyle and Brenan (I. V = 87.25). The current structure of the hydrophytes composition observed in this study was an indication of a generally silting wetland, while the dominant occurrence of understorey woody plants in the surrounding vegetation signified degraded miombo vegetation. It was concluded that the ecological status of wetland habitat was potentially threatened by mainly anthropogenic activities such as;wildfires, and unsustainable exploitation of surrounding vegetation. Further research is required to examine water flows, eutrophication and the long-term effects of deforestation on the ecological functioning of the wetland.
文摘环境DNA(eDNA)技术作为新兴生物多样性监测方法,具有非侵入性、高效性及灵敏性的特点.为探究基于宏基因组测序的eDNA技术对喀斯特湖泊硅藻监测的适用性,以贵州草海为例,采集草海湖滨带的水样及表层沉积物样品,运用宏基因组学与eDNA相结合的方法,分析浮游及沉积硅藻的群落组成、生物多样性及KEGG代谢功能.结果表明:①草海硅藻群落共注释到4纲23目36科54属78种,在科分类阶元上以舟形藻科和海链藻科为优势类群.硅藻群落的Chao1指数平均值为42.88±15.35,Shannon-Wiener指数平均值为2.09±0.29.②硅藻群落KEGG通路功能最具代表性的是全局和概述图谱(global and overview maps),其次是能量代谢、翻译;优势KO基因主要为atpF基因、secA基因、rplT基因、rpoA基因、argH基因.③主坐标分析(PCoA)和相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明硅藻群落存在显著的环境介质差异;LEfSe分析揭示浮游硅藻群落的差异标志物主要为海链藻属(Thalassiosira)、小环藻属(Cyclotella),沉积硅藻主要是管状藻属(Fistulifera)、褐指藻属(Phaeodactylum)、微壳藻属(Nanofrustulum)等;Wilcoxon秩和检验表明,浮游硅藻的差异基因集中在叶酸生物合成通路、嘧啶代谢,沉积硅藻的差异基因集中在光合作用、氧化磷酸化等代谢功能.研究显示,高灵敏性的eDNA宏基因组技术能有效描述草海湖泊硅藻群落及多样性,在喀斯特湖泊生物多样性监测及水生态环境健康评估具有广阔的应用前景.
