Influence of different nitrogen application on flour properties,gluten properties by HPLC and end-use quality of Korean wheat

This study was performed to identify how the different levels of nitrogen application affected the variances of gluten properties and end-use qualities and the differences of variances among Korean wheat cultivars. Protein and dry gluten content, SDS sedimentation volume and water absorption of Mixolab increased as nitrogen application increased. This ratio of the increase was higher in Korean wheat cultivars for bread than in Korean wheat cultivars for noodles and cookies. The proportion of（α＋β）-gliadin measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography（RP-HPLC） increased, but the proportion of ω-and γ-gliadin decreased as the protein content increased. The Korean wheat cultivars for bread showed a high proportion of（α＋β）-gliadin increase, the Korean cultivars for noodles had a high proportion of γ-gliadin decrease and the Korean wheat cultivars for cookies had a high proportion of ω-gliadin decrease. However, there was no variation of the component in the proportion of glutenin component measured by RP-HPLC, even though the protein content was increased, but all of the protein fractions measured by size exclusion（SE）-HPLC were increased. The soluble monomeric protein showed a high proportion of Korean wheat cultivars for bread by the increase of protein content. Bread loaf volume increased by the increase of protein content but there were no variances in the ratio of increase among Korean wheat cultivars. The cookie diameter decreased with the increase of protein content, and this ratio of decrease was the highest in Korean wheat cultivars for cookies. The hardness of cooked noodles also increased by the increase of protein content but there were no variations in springiness and cohesiveness. The decrease proportion of ω-gliadin affected the increase of bread loaf volume, the hardness of cooked noodles, and the decrease of cookie diameter.

不同形态氮素对专用型小麦花后氮代谢关键酶活性及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响

采用盆栽方法研究了氮素形态对不同专用型小麦开花后氮素同化关键酶活性及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明:不同专用型小麦氮素同化关键酶硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合酶对氮素形态的反应不同。强筋小麦豫麦34施用酰胺态氮对旗叶硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合酶活性具有明显的促进作用,最终籽粒蛋白质含量较高;中筋小麦豫麦4 9在施用铵态氮时,3种氮素同化关键酶活性均有较大增强,籽粒蛋白质含量最高;弱筋小麦豫麦5 0硝酸还原酶活性以铵态氮处理最高,而籽粒和旗叶谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合酶活性在酰胺态氮处理下明显增强,酰胺态氮对籽粒中蛋白质含量的增加具有明显的促进作用。相关性分析表明,籽粒蛋白质含量与旗叶GS活性和籽粒GOGAT活性呈显著或极显著正相关,与旗叶NR活性和GS活性。

氮素形态对不同专用型小麦生育后期光合特性及穗部性状的影响

采用盆栽的方法研究了氮素形态对不同专用型小麦生育后期光合特性及穗部性状的影响 ,结果表明 :强筋型豫麦 34在硝态氮处理下 ,生育后期衰老延缓 ,旗叶保持较高的光合速率、PS 活性 ( Fv/Fo)、PS 最大光能转换效率 ( Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率 (PS )和光化学猝灭系数 ( q P)较高 ,非光化学猝灭系数( q N)降低 ,发生光抑制的可能性较小 ,穗部性状较好 ,穗粒重最高。中筋型豫麦 49和弱筋型豫麦 5 0在酰胺态氮处理下 ,光合和荧光参数较优 ,穗粒重较高 ,有利于实现高产。

不同氮素形态对专用小麦苗期氨同化关键酶活性的影响

为了给专用小麦氮素利用效率的提高提供依据,采用砂基水培方法,研究了强筋小麦豫麦34、郑麦9023、郑农16,中筋小麦豫麦49和弱筋小麦豫麦50一叶一心期叶片的氨同化关键酶(谷氨酰胺合成酶,GS;谷氨酸合成酶,GOGAT)活性和不同氮素形态(NH2-N、NH4+-N和NO3--N)对四叶一心期氨同化关键酶活性的影响。结果表明,一叶一心期,不同类型专用小麦GS总活性表现为:弱筋型>中筋型>强筋型。胞质型GS(GS1)活性高于质体型GS(GS2)。不同品种间GS1活性差异小,GS2活性差异极显著,且强筋型>中筋型>弱筋型。GOGAT活性表现为弱筋型和中筋型略高于强筋型。四叶一心期,强筋型品种和弱筋型品种GS活性以硝态氮处理最高,中筋型品种以尿素处理最高。同时,GS1活性均呈下降趋势,不受品种和氮素形态的影响;GS2受品种和氮素形态影响较大。NH4+-N下,中筋型和弱筋型小麦GS2活性均提高,强筋小麦均下降;NH2-N下,中筋小麦豫麦49的GS2活性持续提升,豫麦34的GS2活性保持平衡,其他品种均降低;NO3--N下,强筋型和中筋型品种的GS2活性均下降,弱筋小麦增加。说明弱筋小麦GS2活性对氮的敏感性最强,其次是中筋型小麦,强筋小麦GS2受氮素的激活效应最弱。

布劳格小麦育种模式反思与节水专用型品种选育探讨

针对甘肃内陆河灌区农业水资源日益减少、环境干旱、干热风频发及目前主栽小麦品种在限额灌溉条件下减产的问题,探讨了调整春小麦新品种选育思路和实现小麦生产协调持续发展的可能性。分析发现,仿布劳格小麦育种模式选育的一些主栽春小麦品种在甘肃内陆河灌区栽培面积最大,在高水肥投入条件下可获得高产,但在减额灌溉后,籽粒产量大幅下降。通过适度"升秆(提升生物量)"选育的"陇春34号"等高秆、中高秆类型新品种(系),在减额灌溉条件下可以不减产或显著增产。在此基础上,提出了适应甘肃内陆河灌区主动减额灌溉,节水专用型春小麦新品种选育目标设计与立论思维,并对节水专用型小麦的育种实践和应用前景进行了展望。

新引特色小麦品种(系)灰色关联度分析

应用灰色关联度分析法对重庆三峡农业科学院2012年特色小麦引种品比试验的考察结果进行综合评价,以期为重庆市万州区及相似生态环境下的小麦品种(系)引种及推广提供参考依据。结果表明,16个小麦品种(系)的综合评价位次由高到低依次为糯小麦90398、济糯1号、予教黑1号、宛黑1号、渝麦7号(CK)、紫580-1、漯特麦2号、紫粒小麦-1、南充0001、周黑麦1号、SWD05、绿小麦、紫粒小麦、5B-6、糯小麦90397、冀糯200;加权关联度较等权关联度更能反映品种的实际表现,是综合评价小麦新引品种(系)的一种有效方法。经综合评价,筛选出糯小麦90398、济糯1号、予教黑1号3个品种表现较好,可进一步示范推广;紫粒小麦-1和宛黑1号可用作特殊育种材料;冀糯200和糯小麦90397综合性状表现差,不适宜在该地区种植。