A 40-day gnotobiotic microcosm experiment was carried out to quantify the effect of hastenal-feeding nematode on plant growth and nutrient absorption. The results showed that inoculation of bacterial-feeding nematode ...A 40-day gnotobiotic microcosm experiment was carried out to quantify the effect of hastenal-feeding nematode on plant growth and nutrient absorption. The results showed that inoculation of bacterial-feeding nematode Protorhabditis sp. stimulated the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the uptake of N. By the end of the 40-day incubation wheat biomass and N uptake in the treatment with nematode and bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) increased by 6.5% and 5.9%, respectively, compared with bacteria alone treatment. The presence of nematode mainly accelerated the growth of aboveground of wheat, while it slightly inhibited the root development. There was little difference in plant tissue N concentration between treatments. P concentration and uptake of wheat, however, were generally reduced by nematode. It appears that the enhancement of plant growth and nitrogen uptake is attributed to the enhancement of nitrogen mineralization induced by nematode feeding on bacteria, and the reduction of phosphorous uptake is the result of weak root status and competition by bacteria immobilization.展开更多
Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an...Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the wheat performance by foliar application of micronutrients. Treatments consist of T1 = No spray, T2 = Spraying plants with tube well water (control), T3 = Spraying plants with 1.6 kg FeSO4/100 L water/acre, T4 = Spraying plants with 3 kg ZnSO4 (21%)/100 L water/acre, T5 = Spraying plants with 1 kg MnSO4/100 L water/acre, T6 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + MnSO4), T7 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4), T8 = Spraying plants with (ZnSO4 + MnSO4), and T9 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4). Results showed that foliar application of micronutrients substantially improved plant height, spike length cm, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, test weight, Tillers m-2, grain and biological as well as harvest index of wheat. Among treatments, foliar application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4 remained comparatively better regarding yield related attributes of展开更多
In the model developed in this paper, taking the characters and requirements of meteorological services into account, some conventional meteorological observations which are easy to be obtained have been ch.osen, and ...In the model developed in this paper, taking the characters and requirements of meteorological services into account, some conventional meteorological observations which are easy to be obtained have been ch.osen, and mathematical equations describing micro-growth processes of crops have been established on the basis of the field experiments, laboratorial analysis and computer's modelling tests with time interval of ten-days for several years (1987-1989), in accordance with the known biological and physical rules and corresponding reference literatures. It is a preliminary simplified simulation model of spring wheat growth in optimal water and nutrient conditions. The field experiments show that simulation results of this simplified model are satisfactory. The potential operational application and theoretical sense are significant in the meteorological forecast of yield and in the assessment of influences of climatic change on agriculture.展开更多
The sown area of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain accounts for over 65% of the total sown area of winter wheat in China. Thus, it is important to monitor the winter wheat growth condition and reveal the...The sown area of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain accounts for over 65% of the total sown area of winter wheat in China. Thus, it is important to monitor the winter wheat growth condition and reveal the main factors that influence its dynamics. This study assessed the winter wheat growth condition based on remote sensing data, and investigated the correlations between different grades of winter wheat growth and major meteorological factors corresponding. First, winter wheat growth condition from sowing until maturity stage during 2011–2012 were assessed based on moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) time-series dataset. Next, correlation analysis and geographical information system(GIS) spatial analysis methods were used to analyze the lag correlations between different grades of winter wheat growth in each phenophase and the meteorological factors that corresponded to the phenophases. The results showed that the winter wheat growth conditions varied over time and space in the study area. Irrespective of the grades of winter wheat growth, the correlation coefficients between the winter wheat growth condition and the cumulative precipitation were higher than zero lag(synchronous precipitation) and one lag(pre-phenophase precipitation) based on the average values of seven phenophases. This showed that the cumulative precipitation during the entire growing season had a greater effect on winter wheat growth than the synchronous precipitation and the pre-phenophase precipitation. The effects of temperature on winter wheat growth varied according to different grades of winter wheat growth based on the average values of seven phenophases. Winter wheat with a better-than-average growth condition had a stronger correlation with synchronous temperature, winter wheat with a normal growth condition had a stronger correlation with the cumulative temperature, and winter wheat with a worse-than-average growth condition had a stronger correlation with the pre-phenophase temperature. This study may facilitate a better understanding of the quantitative correlations between different grades of crop growth and meteorological factors, and the adjustment of field management measures to ensure a high crop yield.展开更多
Recently near-ground remote sensing using unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)witnessed wide applications in obtaining field information.In this research,four Rapideye satellite images and eight RGB images acquired from UAV ...Recently near-ground remote sensing using unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)witnessed wide applications in obtaining field information.In this research,four Rapideye satellite images and eight RGB images acquired from UAV were used from early June to the end of July,2015 covering two experimental winter wheat fields,in order to monitor wheat canopy growth status and analyze the correlation among satellite images based normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)with UAV’s RGB images based visible-band difference vegetation index(VDVI)and ground variables of the sampled grain protein contents.Firstly,through image interpretation of UAV’s multi-temporal RGB images with fine spatial resolution,the wheat canopy color changes could be intuitively and clearly monitored.Subsequently,by monitoring the changes of satellite images based NDVI as well as VDVI values and UAV’s RGB images based VDVI values,the conclusions were made that these three vegetation indices demonstrated the same and synchronized trend of increasing at the early stage of wheat growth season,reaching up to peak values at the same timing,and starting to decrease since then.The results of the correlation analysis between NDVI of satellite images and sampled grain protein contents show that NDVI has good predicative capability for mapping grain protein content before ripening growth stage around June7,2015,while the reliability of using satellite image based NDVI to predict grain protein contents becomes worse as ripening stage approaches.The regression analysis between UAV’s RGB image based VDVI and satellite image based VDVI as well as NDVI showed good coefficients of determination.It is concluded that it is feasible and practical to temporally complement satellite remote sensing by using UAV’s RGB images based vegetation indices to monitor wheat growth status and to map within-field spatial variations of grain protein contents for small scale farmlands.展开更多
A solution culture experiment was performed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, chlorophyll contents, and photosynthesis at five levels of 0, 10, 20, 40, and...A solution culture experiment was performed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, chlorophyll contents, and photosynthesis at five levels of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mmol L-1 OTC. OTC is toxic to wheat. The wheat growth, especially wheat root was significantly decreased. Further OTC also significantly decreased root activity, chlorophyll contents, and photosynthetic parameters except for intercellular CO2 concentrations. The different responses of indicators such as root number, root activity and so on to OTC were also observed. The IC50 values for the tested indicators to OTC ranged from 7.1 to 113.4 mmol L-1 OTC. The order of indicator sensitivity to OTC was root number stomatal conductance chlorophyll a total chlorophyll photosynthetic rates total surface area transpiration rate chlorophyll b fresh weight of root dry weight of root total length dry weight of shoot = fresh weight of shoot total volume. The root number was more sensitive than other indicators with the IC50 value of 7.1 mmol L-1 OTC, and could be taken as the sensitive indicator to predict the hazards of OTC to wheat.展开更多
Saline alkali soil can cause physiological drought on crops,so only some salinity tolerant crops can grow in saline alkali soil.Biochar can increase the utilize efficiency of nutrient and the water retention of the so...Saline alkali soil can cause physiological drought on crops,so only some salinity tolerant crops can grow in saline alkali soil.Biochar can increase the utilize efficiency of nutrient and the water retention of the soil,and affect the growth of the plant.In this research,four different proportion of biochar was added in five different levels of saline-alkali soil for pot culture experiment.The pH of the soil increases as the proportion of biochar increase in same saline-alkali level soil,while the EC decrease as the proportion of biochar increase.The germination rate of wheat seeds varies as the different of soil's saline-alkali level.Notable among these results is the germination of wheat seeds in the serious saline-alkali soil without biochar added is 0,while in 45%biochar added in serious saline-alkali soil,the germination rate get to as high as 48.9%.Also,biochar improve the growth of wheat seedling,while for mild saline alkali soil and normal soil.Biochar had no obvious effect on the growth of wheat seedling.展开更多
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds were treated with atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge plasmas to investigate the effects on water absorption, seed germination rate, seedling growth and yield in wheat. The sur...Wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds were treated with atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge plasmas to investigate the effects on water absorption, seed germination rate, seedling growth and yield in wheat. The surface architectures and functionalities of the seeds were found to modify due to plasma treatments. 6 rain treatment was provided 95%-100% germination rate. For the treatment duration of 3 and 9 rain the growth activity, dry matter accumulation, leaves chlorophyll contents, longest spikes, number of spikes/spikelet and total soluble protein content in shoots were improved. The grain yield of wheat was increased ,--20% by 6 min treatment with H2O/O2 plasma with respect to control.展开更多
In order to study the trend of climate change in the future in Weifang,and analyze the impact of climate change on the local wheat production,the air temperature and precipitation in Weifang from 2021 to 2050 were sim...In order to study the trend of climate change in the future in Weifang,and analyze the impact of climate change on the local wheat production,the air temperature and precipitation in Weifang from 2021 to 2050 were simulated by using the regional climate model PRECIS.And then put the meteorological data into the crop model to simulate the growth of wheat under climate change conditions in the future.The results showed that there would be a trend of rising temperature and increasing precipitation in Weifang in the future.Climate warming would result in growth period of wheat to be ahead of schedule and yield reduction.If taking into account the effect of CO2,the yield of wheat would increase.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of cold helium plasma treatment on seed germina- tion, growth and yield of wheat. The effects of different power of cold plasma on the germination of treated wheat seeds were studied...This study investigated the effect of cold helium plasma treatment on seed germina- tion, growth and yield of wheat. The effects of different power of cold plasma on the germination of treated wheat seeds were studied. We found that the treatment of 80 W could significantly improve seed germination potential (6.0%) and germination rate (6.7%) compared to the control group. Field experiments were carried out for wheat seeds treated with 80 W cold plasma. Com- pared with the control, plant height (20.3%), root length (9.0%) and fresh weight (21.8%) were improved significantly at seedling stage. At booting stage, plant height, root length, fresh weight, stem diameter, leaf area and leaf thickness of the treated plant were respectively increased by 21.8%, 11.0%, 7.0%, 9.0%, 13.0% and 25.5%. At the same time, the chlorophyll content (9.8%), nitrogen (10.0%) and moisture content (10.0%) were higher than those of the control, indicating that cold plasma treatment could promote the growth of wheat. The yield of treated wheat was 7.55 t-ha-1, 5.89% more than that of the control. Therefore, our results show that cold plasma has important application prospects for increasing wheat yield.展开更多
Glasshouse and laboratory tests were carried out in 1996 - 1998 using winter wheat cultivars Beinong 6 as materials. The growth dynamics of the whole-wheat plant were analysed under constant and fluctuated soil water ...Glasshouse and laboratory tests were carried out in 1996 - 1998 using winter wheat cultivars Beinong 6 as materials. The growth dynamics of the whole-wheat plant were analysed under constant and fluctuated soil water condition. The results revealed that water stress made the starting time of crop greatest growth phase(STCGGP) in advance, prolonged crop greatest growth phase(CGGP), decreased the rate of crop greatest growth (CGGR or CGRm), and as a result, the rate of dry matter accumulation was reduced and the growth of the crop was slowed down. Rewatering delayed STCGGP, shortened CGGP, increased CGGR, thus, the rate of dry matter accumulation had been boosted and the growth of the crop was accelerated. The growth rate, dry matter weight and grains yield of winter wheat were almost equal to the well-watered controls if they were rewatered under the condition of moderate water stress during the jointing stage.展开更多
To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed (Large White×andrace)...To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed (Large White×andrace) and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG (control group), 30 g kg-1 HWG (3% HWG group), 50 g kg-1 HWG (5% HWG group), or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine (0.25% Gly-Gln group). The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 (P〈0.05), while the average daily gain (ADG) in each of two groups was increased (P〉0.05). When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations (A:G) on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes (P〉0.05) on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A:G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group (P〈0.05), while the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ increased slightly (P〉0.05). Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3+ (P〉0.05) and CD4+ (P〈0.05) on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.展开更多
By applying the system analysis principle and mathematical modeling technique to knowledge expression system for crop cultural management, the fundamental relationships and quantitative algorithms of wheat growth and ...By applying the system analysis principle and mathematical modeling technique to knowledge expression system for crop cultural management, the fundamental relationships and quantitative algorithms of wheat growth and management indices to variety types, ecological environments and production levels were analysed and extracted, and a dynamic knowledge model with temporal and spatial characters for wheat management(WheatKnow)was developed. By adopting the soft component characteristics as non language relevance , re-utilization and portable system maintenance. and by further integrating the wheat growth simulation model(WheatGrow)and intelligent system for wheat management, a comprehensive and digital knowledge model, growth model and component-based decision support system for wheat management(MBDSSWM)was established on the platforms of Visual C++ and Visual Basic. The MBDSSWM realized the effective integration and coupling of the prediction and decision-making functions for digital crop management.展开更多
Eighty-one wheat accessions including 50 southern regional performance nursery (SRPN) lines and 31 northern regional performance nursery (NRPN) lines from the United States were tested to evaluate the growth habit...Eighty-one wheat accessions including 50 southern regional performance nursery (SRPN) lines and 31 northern regional performance nursery (NRPN) lines from the United States were tested to evaluate the growth habit by chilling treatments and to estimate the VRN allele variation with 19 pairs of published VRN primers. Two spring wheat accessions and 44 semi-spring wheat accessions were confirmed based on their chilling days' requirement and polymorphism was found at VRN loci. The Vrn-A1 allele had the highest frequency in the RPN accessions and VA1-CAPs markers identified growth habit of RPN lines. No polymorphism was found at the VRN3 loci and some polymorphism at the region of promoter and the first intron of VRN1 was not always consistent to growth habit in the wheat RPN accessions. The existence of variation in VRN alleles suggested that singly using the dominant Vrn allele is possible to extend the diversity of wheat accessions and improve their adaption to different environments in autumn-sowing region. This information will be useful for the cultivars exploitation and wheat breeding program.展开更多
The equilibrium between root, shoot and growth stability under different soil water conditions were investigated in a tube experiment of winter wheat. The water supplying treatments included: sufficient irrigation at...The equilibrium between root, shoot and growth stability under different soil water conditions were investigated in a tube experiment of winter wheat. The water supplying treatments included: sufficient irrigation at whole growth phase, moderate deficiency irrigation at whole growth phase, serious deficiency irrigation at whole growth phase, sufficient irrigation at jointing stage, tillering stage, flowering stage, and fillering respectively, after moderate and serious water deficit during their previous growth stage. Root and shoot biomass were measured. On the basis of the cooperative root-shoot interactions model, the equilibrium and growth stability were studied on the strength of the kinetics system theory. There was only one varying equilibrium point between the root and shoot over the life time of the winter wheat plant. Water stress prolonged the duration of stable growth, the more serious the water deficit, the longer the period of stable growth. The duration of stable growth was shortened and that of unstable growth was prolonged after water recovery. The growth behavior of the plants exposed to moderate water deficit shifted from stable to unstable until the end of the growth, after rewatering at flowering. In the life-time of the crop, the root and shoot had been adjusting themselves in structure and function so as to maintain an equilibrium, but could not achieve the equilibrium state for long. They were always in an unbalanced state from the beginning to the end of growth. This was the essence of root-shoot equilibrium. Water stress inhibited the function of root and shoot, reduced root shoot interactions, and as a result, the plant growth gradually tended to stabilize. Rewatering enhanced root shoot interactions, prolonged duration of instable growth. Rewatering at flowering could upset the inherent relativity during the long time of stable growth from flowering to filling stage, thus leading to unstable growth and enhanced dry matter accumulating rate in the whole plant.展开更多
The experimental plants were grown in open-top chamber and exposed to 0.26 ppm of ozone for six hrs. per day from seedling stage till ripening. The results showed that the height of plants, rates of earing, flowering,...The experimental plants were grown in open-top chamber and exposed to 0.26 ppm of ozone for six hrs. per day from seedling stage till ripening. The results showed that the height of plants, rates of earing, flowering, grain forming, ripening and the weight/1000 kernels all declined in fumigated plants in comparison with the controls. The yield lost 76.7%. The actual actions of ozone were that it caused foliar injury and chlorophyll destruction accelerating leaf senescence, reduction of assimilation products. O3 was unfavorable injurious to transport and accumulation of substances to the grains after flowering.展开更多
The research on the characteristic frequency of precipitation is a great significance for guiding regional agricultural planning, water conservancy project designs, and drought and flood control. Droughts and floods o...The research on the characteristic frequency of precipitation is a great significance for guiding regional agricultural planning, water conservancy project designs, and drought and flood control. Droughts and floods occurred in northern Weihe Loess Plateau, affecting growing and yield of winter wheat in the area. Based on the daily precipitation data of 29 meteorological stations from 1981 to 2012, this study is to address the analysis of three different frequencies of annual precipitation at 5%, 50%, and 95%, and to determine the amount of rainfall excess and water shortage during seven growth stages of winter wheat at 5%, 10%, and 20% frequencies, respectively. Pearson type III curve was selected for this study to analyze the distribution frequency of annual rainfall and rainfall amount following seven growth stages of winter wheat crop in 29 stations of Northern Weihe loess plateau. As a result of our study, annual precipitation is gradually increasing from southwest to northeast of Northern Weihe loess plateau. The highest amount of annual precipitation occurred in the Baoji area and the lowest precipitation covered by the northwest area of Northern Weihe loess plateau. Moreover, the amount of rainfall of seven growth stages indicates that excessive rainfall occurs not only in the first stage (sowing to tillering) and seventh stage (flowering to ripening) but also in second stage (tillering to wintering). In the seventh stage, a large amount of excessive rainfall occurred in Changwu, Bin, Qianyang, Fengxiang, Baojiqu, and Baojixian. Moreover, water shortage is distributed in the third stage (from wintering to greening), the fourth stage (from greening to jointing), the fifth stage (from jointing to heading), and the sixth stage (from heading to flowering). Furthermore, the worst water shortages occurred in Hancheng, Heyang, Chengcheng, Pucheng, Dali, Tongchuan, and Fuping in the fourth stage (greening to jointing stage). Even though we study the crop water requirement under extreme rainfall conditions, the amount of rainwater still supply inadequate in some parts of the winter wheat growth stage. Therefore, this study provides main clues for the next step to study the irrigation water needs of winter wheat crops and to reduce agricultural risks in 29 counties in the northern loess plateau and other regions.展开更多
基金Project (No. 39570134 and 39970419) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A 40-day gnotobiotic microcosm experiment was carried out to quantify the effect of hastenal-feeding nematode on plant growth and nutrient absorption. The results showed that inoculation of bacterial-feeding nematode Protorhabditis sp. stimulated the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the uptake of N. By the end of the 40-day incubation wheat biomass and N uptake in the treatment with nematode and bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) increased by 6.5% and 5.9%, respectively, compared with bacteria alone treatment. The presence of nematode mainly accelerated the growth of aboveground of wheat, while it slightly inhibited the root development. There was little difference in plant tissue N concentration between treatments. P concentration and uptake of wheat, however, were generally reduced by nematode. It appears that the enhancement of plant growth and nitrogen uptake is attributed to the enhancement of nitrogen mineralization induced by nematode feeding on bacteria, and the reduction of phosphorous uptake is the result of weak root status and competition by bacteria immobilization.
文摘Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the wheat performance by foliar application of micronutrients. Treatments consist of T1 = No spray, T2 = Spraying plants with tube well water (control), T3 = Spraying plants with 1.6 kg FeSO4/100 L water/acre, T4 = Spraying plants with 3 kg ZnSO4 (21%)/100 L water/acre, T5 = Spraying plants with 1 kg MnSO4/100 L water/acre, T6 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + MnSO4), T7 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4), T8 = Spraying plants with (ZnSO4 + MnSO4), and T9 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4). Results showed that foliar application of micronutrients substantially improved plant height, spike length cm, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, test weight, Tillers m-2, grain and biological as well as harvest index of wheat. Among treatments, foliar application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4 remained comparatively better regarding yield related attributes of
文摘In the model developed in this paper, taking the characters and requirements of meteorological services into account, some conventional meteorological observations which are easy to be obtained have been ch.osen, and mathematical equations describing micro-growth processes of crops have been established on the basis of the field experiments, laboratorial analysis and computer's modelling tests with time interval of ten-days for several years (1987-1989), in accordance with the known biological and physical rules and corresponding reference literatures. It is a preliminary simplified simulation model of spring wheat growth in optimal water and nutrient conditions. The field experiments show that simulation results of this simplified model are satisfactory. The potential operational application and theoretical sense are significant in the meteorological forecast of yield and in the assessment of influences of climatic change on agriculture.
基金financially supported by the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(IARRP-2015-8)the European Union seventh framework"MODEXTREME"(modelling vegetation response to extreme events)programme(613817)
文摘The sown area of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain accounts for over 65% of the total sown area of winter wheat in China. Thus, it is important to monitor the winter wheat growth condition and reveal the main factors that influence its dynamics. This study assessed the winter wheat growth condition based on remote sensing data, and investigated the correlations between different grades of winter wheat growth and major meteorological factors corresponding. First, winter wheat growth condition from sowing until maturity stage during 2011–2012 were assessed based on moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) time-series dataset. Next, correlation analysis and geographical information system(GIS) spatial analysis methods were used to analyze the lag correlations between different grades of winter wheat growth in each phenophase and the meteorological factors that corresponded to the phenophases. The results showed that the winter wheat growth conditions varied over time and space in the study area. Irrespective of the grades of winter wheat growth, the correlation coefficients between the winter wheat growth condition and the cumulative precipitation were higher than zero lag(synchronous precipitation) and one lag(pre-phenophase precipitation) based on the average values of seven phenophases. This showed that the cumulative precipitation during the entire growing season had a greater effect on winter wheat growth than the synchronous precipitation and the pre-phenophase precipitation. The effects of temperature on winter wheat growth varied according to different grades of winter wheat growth based on the average values of seven phenophases. Winter wheat with a better-than-average growth condition had a stronger correlation with synchronous temperature, winter wheat with a normal growth condition had a stronger correlation with the cumulative temperature, and winter wheat with a worse-than-average growth condition had a stronger correlation with the pre-phenophase temperature. This study may facilitate a better understanding of the quantitative correlations between different grades of crop growth and meteorological factors, and the adjustment of field management measures to ensure a high crop yield.
基金supported by the R&D Program of Fundamental Technology and Utilization of Social Big Data by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology(NICT),Japan.
文摘Recently near-ground remote sensing using unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)witnessed wide applications in obtaining field information.In this research,four Rapideye satellite images and eight RGB images acquired from UAV were used from early June to the end of July,2015 covering two experimental winter wheat fields,in order to monitor wheat canopy growth status and analyze the correlation among satellite images based normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)with UAV’s RGB images based visible-band difference vegetation index(VDVI)and ground variables of the sampled grain protein contents.Firstly,through image interpretation of UAV’s multi-temporal RGB images with fine spatial resolution,the wheat canopy color changes could be intuitively and clearly monitored.Subsequently,by monitoring the changes of satellite images based NDVI as well as VDVI values and UAV’s RGB images based VDVI values,the conclusions were made that these three vegetation indices demonstrated the same and synchronized trend of increasing at the early stage of wheat growth season,reaching up to peak values at the same timing,and starting to decrease since then.The results of the correlation analysis between NDVI of satellite images and sampled grain protein contents show that NDVI has good predicative capability for mapping grain protein content before ripening growth stage around June7,2015,while the reliability of using satellite image based NDVI to predict grain protein contents becomes worse as ripening stage approaches.The regression analysis between UAV’s RGB image based VDVI and satellite image based VDVI as well as NDVI showed good coefficients of determination.It is concluded that it is feasible and practical to temporally complement satellite remote sensing by using UAV’s RGB images based vegetation indices to monitor wheat growth status and to map within-field spatial variations of grain protein contents for small scale farmlands.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40701163)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing City, China (6092019)+1 种基金the International Foundation for Science, Stockholm, Sweden, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, the Hague, and the Netherlands, through a grant to Li Zhaojun (C/4076)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2007CB109305)
文摘A solution culture experiment was performed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, chlorophyll contents, and photosynthesis at five levels of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mmol L-1 OTC. OTC is toxic to wheat. The wheat growth, especially wheat root was significantly decreased. Further OTC also significantly decreased root activity, chlorophyll contents, and photosynthetic parameters except for intercellular CO2 concentrations. The different responses of indicators such as root number, root activity and so on to OTC were also observed. The IC50 values for the tested indicators to OTC ranged from 7.1 to 113.4 mmol L-1 OTC. The order of indicator sensitivity to OTC was root number stomatal conductance chlorophyll a total chlorophyll photosynthetic rates total surface area transpiration rate chlorophyll b fresh weight of root dry weight of root total length dry weight of shoot = fresh weight of shoot total volume. The root number was more sensitive than other indicators with the IC50 value of 7.1 mmol L-1 OTC, and could be taken as the sensitive indicator to predict the hazards of OTC to wheat.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(31200419)The Eleventh Five-Year Plan Science and Technology Foundation of Jilin Provincial Department of Education(2010-146)Natural Science Foundation of Changchun Normal University(2010-035)
文摘Saline alkali soil can cause physiological drought on crops,so only some salinity tolerant crops can grow in saline alkali soil.Biochar can increase the utilize efficiency of nutrient and the water retention of the soil,and affect the growth of the plant.In this research,four different proportion of biochar was added in five different levels of saline-alkali soil for pot culture experiment.The pH of the soil increases as the proportion of biochar increase in same saline-alkali level soil,while the EC decrease as the proportion of biochar increase.The germination rate of wheat seeds varies as the different of soil's saline-alkali level.Notable among these results is the germination of wheat seeds in the serious saline-alkali soil without biochar added is 0,while in 45%biochar added in serious saline-alkali soil,the germination rate get to as high as 48.9%.Also,biochar improve the growth of wheat seedling,while for mild saline alkali soil and normal soil.Biochar had no obvious effect on the growth of wheat seedling.
基金Partial financial support has been provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of Bangladesh: 39.00.0000.09.06.79.2017/2/98ESBangladesh Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) for providing Professor Abdullah Al-Muti Sharfuddin fellowship
文摘Wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds were treated with atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge plasmas to investigate the effects on water absorption, seed germination rate, seedling growth and yield in wheat. The surface architectures and functionalities of the seeds were found to modify due to plasma treatments. 6 rain treatment was provided 95%-100% germination rate. For the treatment duration of 3 and 9 rain the growth activity, dry matter accumulation, leaves chlorophyll contents, longest spikes, number of spikes/spikelet and total soluble protein content in shoots were improved. The grain yield of wheat was increased ,--20% by 6 min treatment with H2O/O2 plasma with respect to control.
基金Supported by Project of Study on the Impact of Climate Change on Wheat Production in Weifang City(2011wfqxkt05)
文摘In order to study the trend of climate change in the future in Weifang,and analyze the impact of climate change on the local wheat production,the air temperature and precipitation in Weifang from 2021 to 2050 were simulated by using the regional climate model PRECIS.And then put the meteorological data into the crop model to simulate the growth of wheat under climate change conditions in the future.The results showed that there would be a trend of rising temperature and increasing precipitation in Weifang in the future.Climate warming would result in growth period of wheat to be ahead of schedule and yield reduction.If taking into account the effect of CO2,the yield of wheat would increase.
基金supported by Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program of China(No.BE2013452)Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX-EW-B-6)
文摘This study investigated the effect of cold helium plasma treatment on seed germina- tion, growth and yield of wheat. The effects of different power of cold plasma on the germination of treated wheat seeds were studied. We found that the treatment of 80 W could significantly improve seed germination potential (6.0%) and germination rate (6.7%) compared to the control group. Field experiments were carried out for wheat seeds treated with 80 W cold plasma. Com- pared with the control, plant height (20.3%), root length (9.0%) and fresh weight (21.8%) were improved significantly at seedling stage. At booting stage, plant height, root length, fresh weight, stem diameter, leaf area and leaf thickness of the treated plant were respectively increased by 21.8%, 11.0%, 7.0%, 9.0%, 13.0% and 25.5%. At the same time, the chlorophyll content (9.8%), nitrogen (10.0%) and moisture content (10.0%) were higher than those of the control, indicating that cold plasma treatment could promote the growth of wheat. The yield of treated wheat was 7.55 t-ha-1, 5.89% more than that of the control. Therefore, our results show that cold plasma has important application prospects for increasing wheat yield.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.49971042).
文摘Glasshouse and laboratory tests were carried out in 1996 - 1998 using winter wheat cultivars Beinong 6 as materials. The growth dynamics of the whole-wheat plant were analysed under constant and fluctuated soil water condition. The results revealed that water stress made the starting time of crop greatest growth phase(STCGGP) in advance, prolonged crop greatest growth phase(CGGP), decreased the rate of crop greatest growth (CGGR or CGRm), and as a result, the rate of dry matter accumulation was reduced and the growth of the crop was slowed down. Rewatering delayed STCGGP, shortened CGGP, increased CGGR, thus, the rate of dry matter accumulation had been boosted and the growth of the crop was accelerated. The growth rate, dry matter weight and grains yield of winter wheat were almost equal to the well-watered controls if they were rewatered under the condition of moderate water stress during the jointing stage.
基金supported by the Major Special Project of Guangdong Province, China (2009A080303009)the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of China (Agriculture, 201003011)+2 种基金the National 948 Project of China (2011-G35)the National Major Science Research Program of China (2009CB941601)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U0731004)
文摘To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed (Large White×andrace) and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG (control group), 30 g kg-1 HWG (3% HWG group), 50 g kg-1 HWG (5% HWG group), or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine (0.25% Gly-Gln group). The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 (P〈0.05), while the average daily gain (ADG) in each of two groups was increased (P〉0.05). When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations (A:G) on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes (P〉0.05) on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A:G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group (P〈0.05), while the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ increased slightly (P〉0.05). Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3+ (P〉0.05) and CD4+ (P〈0.05) on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30030090)the National 863 Program,China(2001AA115420,2001AA245041).
文摘By applying the system analysis principle and mathematical modeling technique to knowledge expression system for crop cultural management, the fundamental relationships and quantitative algorithms of wheat growth and management indices to variety types, ecological environments and production levels were analysed and extracted, and a dynamic knowledge model with temporal and spatial characters for wheat management(WheatKnow)was developed. By adopting the soft component characteristics as non language relevance , re-utilization and portable system maintenance. and by further integrating the wheat growth simulation model(WheatGrow)and intelligent system for wheat management, a comprehensive and digital knowledge model, growth model and component-based decision support system for wheat management(MBDSSWM)was established on the platforms of Visual C++ and Visual Basic. The MBDSSWM realized the effective integration and coupling of the prediction and decision-making functions for digital crop management.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China (C2006000720)the Hebei Excellent Expert Training Oversea Project,China
文摘Eighty-one wheat accessions including 50 southern regional performance nursery (SRPN) lines and 31 northern regional performance nursery (NRPN) lines from the United States were tested to evaluate the growth habit by chilling treatments and to estimate the VRN allele variation with 19 pairs of published VRN primers. Two spring wheat accessions and 44 semi-spring wheat accessions were confirmed based on their chilling days' requirement and polymorphism was found at VRN loci. The Vrn-A1 allele had the highest frequency in the RPN accessions and VA1-CAPs markers identified growth habit of RPN lines. No polymorphism was found at the VRN3 loci and some polymorphism at the region of promoter and the first intron of VRN1 was not always consistent to growth habit in the wheat RPN accessions. The existence of variation in VRN alleles suggested that singly using the dominant Vrn allele is possible to extend the diversity of wheat accessions and improve their adaption to different environments in autumn-sowing region. This information will be useful for the cultivars exploitation and wheat breeding program.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,G1999011709)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(33135).
文摘The equilibrium between root, shoot and growth stability under different soil water conditions were investigated in a tube experiment of winter wheat. The water supplying treatments included: sufficient irrigation at whole growth phase, moderate deficiency irrigation at whole growth phase, serious deficiency irrigation at whole growth phase, sufficient irrigation at jointing stage, tillering stage, flowering stage, and fillering respectively, after moderate and serious water deficit during their previous growth stage. Root and shoot biomass were measured. On the basis of the cooperative root-shoot interactions model, the equilibrium and growth stability were studied on the strength of the kinetics system theory. There was only one varying equilibrium point between the root and shoot over the life time of the winter wheat plant. Water stress prolonged the duration of stable growth, the more serious the water deficit, the longer the period of stable growth. The duration of stable growth was shortened and that of unstable growth was prolonged after water recovery. The growth behavior of the plants exposed to moderate water deficit shifted from stable to unstable until the end of the growth, after rewatering at flowering. In the life-time of the crop, the root and shoot had been adjusting themselves in structure and function so as to maintain an equilibrium, but could not achieve the equilibrium state for long. They were always in an unbalanced state from the beginning to the end of growth. This was the essence of root-shoot equilibrium. Water stress inhibited the function of root and shoot, reduced root shoot interactions, and as a result, the plant growth gradually tended to stabilize. Rewatering enhanced root shoot interactions, prolonged duration of instable growth. Rewatering at flowering could upset the inherent relativity during the long time of stable growth from flowering to filling stage, thus leading to unstable growth and enhanced dry matter accumulating rate in the whole plant.
文摘The experimental plants were grown in open-top chamber and exposed to 0.26 ppm of ozone for six hrs. per day from seedling stage till ripening. The results showed that the height of plants, rates of earing, flowering, grain forming, ripening and the weight/1000 kernels all declined in fumigated plants in comparison with the controls. The yield lost 76.7%. The actual actions of ozone were that it caused foliar injury and chlorophyll destruction accelerating leaf senescence, reduction of assimilation products. O3 was unfavorable injurious to transport and accumulation of substances to the grains after flowering.
文摘The research on the characteristic frequency of precipitation is a great significance for guiding regional agricultural planning, water conservancy project designs, and drought and flood control. Droughts and floods occurred in northern Weihe Loess Plateau, affecting growing and yield of winter wheat in the area. Based on the daily precipitation data of 29 meteorological stations from 1981 to 2012, this study is to address the analysis of three different frequencies of annual precipitation at 5%, 50%, and 95%, and to determine the amount of rainfall excess and water shortage during seven growth stages of winter wheat at 5%, 10%, and 20% frequencies, respectively. Pearson type III curve was selected for this study to analyze the distribution frequency of annual rainfall and rainfall amount following seven growth stages of winter wheat crop in 29 stations of Northern Weihe loess plateau. As a result of our study, annual precipitation is gradually increasing from southwest to northeast of Northern Weihe loess plateau. The highest amount of annual precipitation occurred in the Baoji area and the lowest precipitation covered by the northwest area of Northern Weihe loess plateau. Moreover, the amount of rainfall of seven growth stages indicates that excessive rainfall occurs not only in the first stage (sowing to tillering) and seventh stage (flowering to ripening) but also in second stage (tillering to wintering). In the seventh stage, a large amount of excessive rainfall occurred in Changwu, Bin, Qianyang, Fengxiang, Baojiqu, and Baojixian. Moreover, water shortage is distributed in the third stage (from wintering to greening), the fourth stage (from greening to jointing), the fifth stage (from jointing to heading), and the sixth stage (from heading to flowering). Furthermore, the worst water shortages occurred in Hancheng, Heyang, Chengcheng, Pucheng, Dali, Tongchuan, and Fuping in the fourth stage (greening to jointing stage). Even though we study the crop water requirement under extreme rainfall conditions, the amount of rainwater still supply inadequate in some parts of the winter wheat growth stage. Therefore, this study provides main clues for the next step to study the irrigation water needs of winter wheat crops and to reduce agricultural risks in 29 counties in the northern loess plateau and other regions.