A Diagnostic Study on the Relationship between the Assembling of Low Frequency Waves in the Pacific Ocean and the Abnormality of the Subtropical High

By use of the filter analysis technique, the Complex Empirical Othogonal Function (CEOF) method and the ECMWF/WMO 2.5°×2.5°grid data of the geopotential heights during the summer months in 1988, an interseasonal process that the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) was anomalously far to the north in the first and second ten days of July is studied. It has been found that in the western Pacific subtropical region in the first and second ten days of July,it is the continuous assembly of low frequency geopotential waves (LFGWs) that leads to the abnormality of WPSH. This abnormality emerges with the enhancement of wave assembling and ceases while the wave assembling situation disappears. The structure of the low frequency assembling waves corresponds to the structure of subtropical high in its abnormal period. The effect of the assembling waves on the abnormality of subtropical high can be considered as the accumulation of disturbance energy carried by the low frequency waves from different directions in the western Pacific region.

Novel evidence from Taxus fuana forests for niche-neutral process assembling community

Background:Understanding the mechanisms underlying community assembly is helpful for conservation and restoration of communities, particularly those that contain rare and endangered species like Taxus fuana, which are endemic to the Western Himalayas. The niche (limiting similarity) vs. neutral (randomness) assembly of the T.fuana forest community in Gyirong County, Tibet, China, was investigated. The net relatedness index (NRI) was calculated using a phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic characteristics of the community and its relationships with environment were analyzed.Results:The value of the mean NRI at the community level was less than-1.96, indicating that the phylogenetic structure was overdispersed;whereas majority of the NRIs at the tree, shrub, and herb layers were within-1.96 to1.96, indicating random dispersion. Environmental factors accounted for 44.38%, 46.52%, 24.04%, and 14.07%of the variation at the community level, tree, shrub, and herb layer, respectively. The phylogenetic structure at the community level and tree layer were significantly influenced by both topographic and soil factors, while shrub and herb layers tended to be affected by a single environmental factor.Conclusions:Community assembly of the T. fuana forest was simultaneously affected by niche and neutral processes, and their variations were closely related to the environment. Neutral process dominated community assembly in the shrub and herb layers. However, the interaction of limiting similarity and randomness played a dominant role at the community level and tree layer;and contributed to maintenance of biodiversity stability. The synergy of multiple environmental factors had a more obvious influence on community assembly than individual environmental factors, especially at the community level. These findings would help to understand the conservation of rare and endangered tree species, such as T. fuana, in the native community;and highlight the importance of random and non-random processes in assembly and biodiversity maintenance of alpine plant communities.

The Procedure for Assembling the EAST Tokamak

Due to the complicated constitution and high precision requirements of the EAST superconducting tokamak, a meticulous assembling procedure and measurement scheme must be established. The big size and mass of the EAST machine＇s components and complicated configuration with tight installation tolerances call for a highly careful assembling procedure. The assembling procedure consists of three main sub-procedures for the assembling of the base, of the tori of the VV, the vacuum vessel TS and the TF, and of the peripheral parts respectively. Before the assembly, a reference framework has been set up by means of an industrial measurement system with reference fiducial targets fixed on the wall of the test hall. In this paper, the assembling procedure is described in detail, the survey control system of the assembly is discussed, and progress in the assembly work is also reported.

Assembling Paradigms of Programming in Software Engeneering

Assembling paradigms programming are based on the reuses in any programming language (PL) with the passport data of their settings in WSDL. The method of assembling is formal and secures co-operation of the different reuses (module, object, component, service and so on) being developed. A formal means of these paradigms creation with help of interfaces is presented. Interface IDL (Stub, Skeleton) is containing data and operations for transmission data to other standard elements linked and describes in the standard language IDL. Assembling will be realized by integration of reuses elements in these paradigms on the instrumental-technological complex (ITC).

Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes by assembling nano-silver

A facile solution processed strategy of synthesizing nano silver assembled on carbon nanotubes （CNTs） at room temperature was put forward. Activated carbon nanotubes were used as precursors for preparing silver-decorated nanotubes. The nature of the decorated nanotubes was studied using transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）. The inert surfaces of carbon nanotubes were activated by introducing catalytic nuclei via an oxidation-sensitization-activation approach. Activated carbon nanotubes catalyzed the metal deposition specifically onto their surfaces upon immersion in electroless plating baths. The method produced nanotubes decorated with silver. The extent of silver decoration was found to be dependent on fabrication conditions. Dense nano silver assembled on nanotube surfaces could be obtained by keeping a low reaction rate in the solution phase. The results here show that this method is an efficient and simple means of achieving carbon nanotubes being assembled by nano metal.

Self-assembling organomodified Co/Al based layered double hydroxides (LDH) via one-step route

The preparation of self-assembling organomodified Co/Al-layered double hydroxide(LDH)via one-step route was studied. A common surfactant,sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate(DBS),was employed as an organic modifier.The behavior and structure of self-assembled intercalated organic Co/Al-LDH were investigated by FTIR,SEM,WAXS,element analysis and TGA.Based upon the WAXS results and calculation by Bragg equation,the interlayer distance(d value)for organic Co/Al-LDH is enlarged from 0.75 nm to 3.10 nm,showing that the self-assembling behavior has been carried out successfully.Considering the observation from SEM, the product shows the morphology of organic Co/Al-LDH of a layered structure.In addition,FTIR,element analysis and TGA analysis show that the modifier is intercalated into the gallery of the Co/Al-LDH.Since organic modification for nanofiller is deemed to be necessary before applying it into polymer,the successful preparation of organomodified Co/Al-LDH will be significantly beneficial to the preparation and investigation of novel polymer/LDH nanocomposite.

A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of Zhonghuang 13,a widely-grown soybean variety from the original center of Glycine max

Soybean(Glycine max)stands as a globally significant agricultural crop,and the comprehensive assembly of its genome is of paramount importance for unraveling its biological characteristics and evolutionary history.Nevertheless,previous soybean genome assemblies have harbored gaps and incompleteness,which have constrained in-depth investigations into soybean.Here,we present Telomere-to-Telomere(T2T)assembly of the Chinese soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13(ZH13)genome,termed ZH13-T2T,utilizing PacBio Hifi and ONT ultralong reads.We employed a multi-assembler approach,integrating Hifiasm,NextDenovo,and Canu,to minimize biases and enhance assembly accuracy.The assembly spans 1,015,024,879 bp,effectively resolving all 393 gaps that previously plagued the reference genome.Our annotation efforts identified 50,564 high-confidence protein-coding genes,707 of which are novel.ZH13-T2T revealed longer chromosomes,421 not-aligned regions(NARs),112 structure variations(SVs),and a substantial expansion of repetitive element compared to earlier assemblies.Specifically,we identified 25.67 Mb of tandem repeats,an enrichment of 5S and 48S rDNAs,and characterized their genotypic diversity.In summary,we deliver the first complete Chinese soybean cultivar T2T genome.The comprehensive annotation,along with precise centromere and telomere characterization,as well as insights into structural variations,further enhance our understanding of soybean genetics and evolution.

Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Assembly of Nanomaterials for Highly Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes

The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive func-tionalities,remains a formidable challenge.Here,we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids,which enables the fabrication of highly stable,flexible,and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure.The utilization of hydrophobic and non-volatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water,effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface.Furthermore,the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior,enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film.The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4Ωsq^(-1) and 93%transmittance,but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility.Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices.This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.

Assembling Tunable Time-Resolved Fluorescence Layer onto Nano-Gold

The assembling of a coating of time-resolved fluorescent chelator BSPDA （ abbreviated for 4, 7-bis （ sulfhydrylphenyl）-1, 10-phenanthroline-2, 9-dicarboxylic acid） onto a nano-gold layer was demonstrated. First, BSPDA was synthesized by simple procedures, and then an approach was developed to immobilize BSPDA onto the nano-gold layer deposited on a silane modified glass substrate, whereby europium ion （Ⅲ, Eu^3＋ ） was captured and released owing to the interactive process of complexation and dissociation between BSPDA functionalized coating and Eu^3＋ solution. The fluorescence spectra and related lifetimes were determined. Also, the BSPDA functionalized coating＇s specific complexation with Eu^3＋ on the BSPDA assembly layer and the nonspecific adsorption of Eu^3＋ on the nano-gold layer were compared. These results allowed a selective complexation of Eu^3＋ by assembling a BSPDA chelating layer on the nano-gold layer; thus, a tunable time-resolved fluorescent layer was covalently attached, The results of the nanoparticle assembling and probing （or labeling） processes to specific bio-systems were very interesting and had significant implications to time-resolved-fluorescence-based detection on biosensor surfaces such as DNA chip and to arrayed light display devices.

The Self-assembling and Application of Inorganic Anti-bacterial Material Made of Natural Nanoporous Carrier

The inorganic antimicrobial material was inhibited to the microbes with the added metal ion,Zn.The primary wet product carrying 5%-10% zinc ion was generated under the following conditions：temperature was 95 ℃,solution zinc concentration was 1.2-2.0 mol/L,and the ratio of Zn solution to zeolite weight was 5：1.The final stable product was manufactured after baking in an oven for 1-3 h at the temperature of 500-900 ℃.The baked material was tested for its disinfection effectiveness and coloring effect when mixed with paint coating.Based on the final batch of tests,the zinc content of this anti-microbial product was further optimized.

Response and assembly of abundant and rare taxa in Zaopei under different combination patterns of Daqu and pit mud:from microbial ecology to Baijiu brewing microecosystem

The quality and aroma of strong-flavor Baijiu are mainly dependent on Daqu,pit mud(PM),and the interaction of both.However,little is known about how their combination patterns affect the microbiome and metabolome of Zaopei,especially the metabolic function of rare taxa.Here,an experiment on industrial size was designed to assess the effects of 6 combinations(3 kinds of Daqu×2 kinds of PM)on the composition and assembly of different taxa,as well as the flavor profile.The results showed that Zaopei's microbiota was composed of a few abundant taxa and enormous rare taxa,and rare bacterial and abundant fungal subcommunities were significantly affected by combination patterns.The assembly processes of abundant/rare taxa and bacterial/fungal communities were distinct,and environmental changes mediated the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in rare bacteria assembly.Furthermore,specific combination patterns improved the flavor quality of Zaopei by enhancing the interspecies interaction,which was closely related to rare taxa,especially rare bacteria.These findings highlighted that rare bacteria might be the keystone in involving community interaction and maintaining metabolic function,which provided a scientific foundation for better understanding and regulating the brewing microbiota from the viewpoint of microbial ecology.

Synthesis and Self-assembling of Coumarin-based Low-molecular Weight Organogelators

Four coumarin derivatives（4a-4d） with different alkoxy chains were synthesized. It was found that compound 4d showed a better gelation ability than the other compounds, for example, it could self-assemble into organogels in various organic fluids via ultrasound treatment or heating-cooling process, whereas compound 4c could only gel in a few mixed solvents and compounds 4a, 4b could not form organogel. The results from fluorescent and FT-IR spectra indicate that π-π interaction had an effect on the formation of the organogels of compound 4d besides H-bonding and van der Waals interaction, which were the driving forces for the self-assembling of compound 4c in gel state. The gel of compound 4d in toluene could emit strong fluorescence under UV irradiation and the [2＋2] cyclo-addition was suggested by ^1H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. This light-sensitive organogel might find application in optical materials.

Assembling Synthesis of ZnSe Orthohexagonal Slices through Emulsion Liquid Membrane System of Gas-liquid Transport

Orthohexagonal slices assembled by ZnSe quantum dots were synthesized through emulsion liquid membrane system. These orthohexagonal slices were 1.5-3.5 μm in side length and were self-assembled by ZnSe quantum dots of 2-3 nm. It was proposed the surfactant molecules on ZnSe quantum dots played a key role in the self-assembly process.

Design and assembly of a nested imaging X-ray telescope for the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor mission

The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) mission will carry a nested X-ray telescope capable of observing an energy range from 0.5 keV to 2 keV to study hot baryon evolution. In this paper, we report the latest progress in the design and construction of nested X-ray telescopes which were designed to use a three-stage conic-approximation type assembly to simplify the manufacturing process. The mirror substrate is made using the thermal glass slumping method, with mirrors characterized by a root-mean-square roughness of 0.3 nm, with expected high reflectivity and good thermal stability. We also discuss methods of telescope construction and conduct a deformation analysis of the manufactured mirror. The in situ measurement system program is developed to guide the telescope assembly process.

In situ AFM investigation of dual-mode self-assembling peptide

Nanostructures/patterns formed by biomolecules can produce different physicochemical properties in terms of hydrophobicity, zeta-potential, color, etc., which play paramount roles in life. Peptides, as the main bio-building blocks, can form nanostructures with different functions,either in solutions or on interfaces. Previously, we synthesized a short peptide with the inspiration of an Alzheimer’s disease-related peptide: amyloid β peptide(A-p),namely GAV-9, which can epitaxially self-assemble into regular nanofilaments on liquid-solid interfaces, and it was found that both the hydrophobicity and charge state of the interfaces can significantly influence its assembling behavior. It was also reported that another A-β-containing dipeptide, FF,can self-assemble into nanostructures in solutions. Owing to the close relationship between these two short peptides, it is interesting to conjugate them into a de novo peptide with two separated structural domains and study its self-assembling behavior. To this end, herein we have synthesized the GAV-FF peptide with a sequence of NH2-VGGAVVAGVFF-CONH2 and verified its selfassembling property using the in situ liquid-phase atomic force microscopy. The results show that the GAV-FF peptide can self-assemble into nanofilaments both in solutions and on aqueous-solid interfaces, but with different morphologies. The FF domain accelerates the template-assisted self-assembling(TASA) process of the GAV domain, which in return enhances the solubility of FF in aqueous solutions and further participates in the fibrillization of FF. The current results could help deepen the understanding of the aggregation mechanism of diseaserelated peptides and could also shed light on the strategies to create artificial bio-functional nanostructures/patterns,which hold a significant potential for biomedical applications.

Developing Spline Based Overset Grid Assembling Approach and Application to Unsteady Flow Around a Moving Body

Overset or Chimera grid approach is one of methods to cope with complex geometries. A spline based overset grid assembling system has been developed. The system is based on structured grid approach and covers comprehensive features for overset assembling, i.e., grid generation, grid modification, and computing Domain Connectivity Information （DCI） for overset interpolation. Ferguson spline curve is used to compute curves through grid points and cell centers for trimming grids and computing DCI robustly and accurately. Flow simulation around Kriso Container Ship （KCS） with jointed grids shows good continuity of flow field between the grids. The overset grid assembling is enhanced to unsteady problem as dynamic overset approach coupled with a solver which also has been developed in National Maritime Research Institute, Japan. Computed results for pitchup spheroid are compared with measured data and show good agreement in unsteady force acting on the spheroid. It is confirmed that the system has capability to simulate flow field around jointed grids and unsteady flow with dynamic overset assembling approach practically.

Chondrogenesis of Precartilaginous Stem Cells in KLD-12 Self-assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffold Loading TGF-β3 Gene

The effect of culture in KLD-12 self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold containing TGF-β3 gene on differentiation of precartilaginous stem cells （PSCs） into chondrocytes was studied. KLD-12 was synthesized by solid-state method. After TGF-β3 plasmid was loaded into KLD-12 self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold, DNA release ability was investigated. PSCs and hTGF-β3 gene were loaded into KLD-12 3-D scaffold, and MTT assay was performed to investigate the cell proliferation, and ELASA assay was used to investigate the expression of TGF-β3. Specific cartilage matrix was examined by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Alcian Blue staining. Compared with control group, DNA synthesis level of PSCs reached the peak within 3 days when PSCs were cultured in self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold loading TGF-β3 plasmid, and maintained this high level within 2 weeks. MTT results showed that the proliferation ability of experimental group was statistically higher than that in control group （P〈0.05）. Quantitative real-time PCR suggested that the percentage of TGF-β3 positive PSCs in experimental group was higher than that in control group （P〈0.01）. ELISA assay showed that the TGF-β3 protein level increased in supernatant of experimental group＇s PSCs, reached the peak after 72 h and then declined a little to the plateau phase. Compared with the control group, the specific gene of chondrocyte typical extracellular matrix significantly up-regulated （P〈0.01）. The results showed that PSCs differentiated into chondrocytes in self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold loading TGF-β3 plasmid, which provided a fresh approach to cartilage tissue engineering.

Self-assembly of tau fragments as a key pathologic event in tauopathies

Tau protein is encoded by the microtubuleassociated protein tau(MAPT)gene and stabilizes microtubules in the neurons.Tau has unique biophysical properties that make it both highly water-soluble and positively charged.Although tau is an intrinsically disordered protein lacking defined secondary structures,it can acquire highly organized-sheet structures and stack into a filamentous inclusion such as a paired helical filament(PHF).

An Improved Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Annotation of Belted Beard Grunt(Hapalogenys analis)

Hapalogenys analis(order Lobotiformes)is an economically and ecologically significant fish species.It is a typical sedentary rocky reef fish and is primarily found in the northern Pacific Ocean.Here,we used Hi-C and PacBio sequencing technique to assemble a high-quality,chromosome-level genome for this species.The 539 Mb genome had a contig N50 with a size of 3.43 Mb,while 755 contigs clustered into 24 chromosomal groups with an anchoring rate of 99.02%.Of the total genomic sequence,132.74Mb(24.39%)were annotated as repeat elements.A total of 21360 protein-coding genes were identified,of which 20787 genes(97.32%)were successfully annotated to public databases.The BUSCO evaluation indicated that 96.90%of the total orthologous genes were matched.The phylogenetic tree representing H.analis and 14 other bony fish species indicated that the H.analis genome contained 364 expanded gene families related to olfactory receptor activity,compared with the common ancestor of H.analis and Sciaenidae.Comparative genomic analysis further identified 3584 contracted gene families.Branch-site modeling identified 277 genes experiencing positive selection,which may facilitate the adaptation to rocky reef environments.The genome reported here is helpful for ecological and evolutionary studies of H.analis.

Optimization of Fixture Number in Large Thin-Walled Parts Assembly Based on IPSO

There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to determine the number of fixtures is ignored.In most cases,the number of fixtures located on large thin-walled parts is determined based on engineering experience,which leads to huge fixture number and extra waste.Therefore,this paper constructs an optimization model to minimize the number of fixtures.The constraints are set in the optimization model to ensure that the part deformation is within the surface profile tolerance.In addition,the assembly gap between two parts is also controlled.To conduct the optimization,this paper develops an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm by integrating the shrinkage factor and adaptive inertia weight.In the algorithm,particles are encoded according to the fixture position.Each dimension of the particle is assigned to a sub-region by constraining the optional position range of each fixture to improve the optimization efficiency.Finally,a case study on ship curved panel assembly is provided to prove that our method can optimize the number of fixtures while meeting the assembly quality requirements.This research proposes a method to optimize the number of fixtures,which can reduce the number of fixtures and achieve deformation control at the same time.