Ash removal from inferior coal via ammonium fluoride roasting and simultaneous yield of white carbon black

The quality upgrading and deashing of inferior coal by chemical method still faces great challenges.The dangers of strong acid,strong alkali,waste water and exhaust gas as well as high cost limit its industrial production.This paper systematically investigates the ash reduction and desilicification of two typical inferior coal utilizing ammonium fluoride roasting method.Under the optimal conditions,for fat coal and gas coal,the deashing rates are 69.02%and 54.13%,and the desilicification rates are 92.64%and 90.27%,respectively.The molar dosage of ammonium fluoride remains consistent for both coals;however,the gas coal,characterized by a lower ash and silica content(less than half that of the fat coal),achieves optimum deashing effect at a reduced time and temperature.The majority of silicon in coal transforms into gaseous ammonium fluorosilicate,subsequently preparing nanoscale amorphous silica with a purity of 99.90%through ammonia precipitation.Most of the fluorine in deashed coal are assigned in inorganic minerals,suggesting the possibility of further fluorine and ash removal via flotation.This research provides a green and facile route to deash inferior coal and produce nano-scale white carbon black simultaneously.

Silver Supported on White Carbon Black Containing Rare Earths as Antibacterial Material

The antimicrobial effect of the Ag-White Carbon Black containing rare earth was investigated. Inorganic antibiotic materials consist of the antibacterial ion, the additive and the carrier. The sol-gel method was used to prepare the white carbon black carrier. Ag+ was selected to be the antibacterial ion, and cerous nitrate was selected to be the additive. They were synthesized on the white carbon black carrier. The structures and properties of antibacterial material were characterized by inductively coupled plasma, particle size measurement instrument, fourier transform infrared and enumeration tests (Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium). Results showed that the amount of antibacterial ions and bacteriostasis rate of this new material are higher than those for the general Ag-antibacterial white carbon black (without containing rare earth). Ag+ was bound to white carbon black by ion exchange process and adsorption process. Bacteriostasis rate is over 99%, and the particle size can be extended down to 7 μm with a narrow size distribution. Other advantages of this material are good thermal and light stability. Furthermore, from the antibacterial experiment in rubber and the coating surface of metal, this new material showed promising results. The possible antibacterial mechanism was also proposed through all the experimental data in this study.

INFLUENCES OF MODIFIERS ON SURFACE PROPERTIES OF WHITE CARBON BLACK AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICONE RUBBER

Various of modifiers were used to modify the surface activity of white carbon black. The oil absorption, viscosity, hydrophobic rate and burning loss of white carbon black and the mechanical propertiess of silicone rubber were measured. The influences of the modifiers on the properties of white carbon black and the mechanical properties of silicone rubber were discussed.

Mechanism of antibacterial activity of silver and praseodymium-loaded white carbon black

This paper investigated the antibacterial mechanism of the Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black.The sol-gel method was used to prepare the carrier:white carbon black.Silver ion was selected to be the antibacterial ion,and praseodymium nitrate was selected to be the additive.The structure and antibacterial mechanism of this new inorganic antibacterial material were characterized by laser particle size analyzer,scanning electron microscope(SEM) techniques,energy dispersive spectrum(EDS) analysis,and antibacterial activity test(Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium).Results showed that the particle size of Ag-Pr-antibacterial White carbon black was less than 30 μm with a narrow size distribution.Ag+ is combined into the white carbon black by both the mode of ion exchange and the mode of adsorption process.The bacteriostasis rate of the Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black was higher than that of the general Ag-antibacterial white carbon black.The antibacterial activity of Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black was caused by the combination of contact and stripping antibacterial mechanism.The result also indicated that this new inorganic antibacterial material had good thermal and light stability.

Study of Viscoelastic Properties of White Carbon Black Reinforced Synthetic Polyisoprene

The viscoelastic properties of synthetic polyisoprenes （PI） reinforced by white carbon black （WCB） have been investigated and compared with WCB reinforced natural rubber （NR）, including cure characteristics, physio-mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Compared with NR, PI loaded with the same amount of WCB （PI/WCB） exhibited shorter scorch time and optimal cure time, indicating that WCB fillers are comparatively easier to conjugate with PI. The tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with WCB filling in both PI and NR vulcanizates. The hardness of the rubber vulcanizates increased with the WCB filling in the rubber matrix. PI/WCB blends exhibited smaller hardness data, lower tensile strength, as well as lower elongation at break and tensile stress. Increasing the amount of WCB in rubber matrix induced the Payne effect. However, the Payne effect is much more obvious for the PI/WCB system, and PI/WCB also displayed higher storage modulus whereas lower loss modulus and loss tangent than NR/WCB, which could all be attributed to the poor dispersibilities of WCB in the PI matrix.

Regulation of Microstructure of Calcium Carbonate Crystals by Egg White Protein

Crystal growth of calcium carbonate in biological simulation was investigated via egg white protein with different volume fractions,during which calcium carbonate was synthesized by calcium chloride and sodium carbonate.The morphology,thermal properties and microstructure of the calcium carbonate micro-to-nanoscale crystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）,thermogravimetric analysis（TG） and X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis.The results show that the volume fraction of egg white protein has great influence on the shape,size and morphology of calcium carbonate crystals.The calcium carbonate crystals were the mixtures of calcite-vaterite-like crystals including spherical and rough surface,which are different from that formed in pure water.With the increase of egg white protein concentration,the diameter of calcium carbonate crystals changed,the amount of formed spherical calcium carbonate particles decreased and that of vaterite increased.These results indicate that the coordination and electrostatic interaction between egg white protein and Ca2＋ significantly affect the calcium carbonate crystalization.

The Sterilization Results of Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide on Liquid Egg White and the Effect on Physicochemical and Functionial Properties

[Objective]The aim was to investigate the sterilization effect of dense phase carbon dioxide（ DPCD） on liquid egg white（ LEW） and the effect on functionial properties and physicochemical properties. [Method]The prepared liquid egg white was subjected to DPCD treatment at 10 MPa,20 MPa and 30 MPa respectively at 30 ℃,the microorganism amount,pH value,dissolubility and surface sulfhydryl were detected after adjusted to 4 ℃. [Result]The results showed that the longer the sterilization time,the more obvious of the sterilization effect at 10 MPa. There was no aerobe was detected at the rest conditions. [Conclusion]The functionial properties and physicochemical properties of liquid egg white were effected by DPCD treatment.

Phase Transformation of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate to Single-Crystalline Aragonite with Macroscopic Layered Structure in the Presence of Egg White Protein and Zinc Ion

Highly oriented calcium carbonate lamellas are exquisite structure produced by biomineralization. Strategies mimicking nature have been developed to synthesize inorganic materials with excellent structures and optimal properties. In our strategy, egg white protein and zinc ion were employed in the solution to induce the crystallization of calcium carbonate, resulting in the macroscopic aragonite laminate with an average length of 1.5 mm, which was comprised of single-crystalline tablets. During the crystallization at initial stage, it was found that the particles displayed the characteristics of amorphous calcium carbonate, which was then transformed into the sophisticated structured aragonite through a multistage assembly process. The rebuilt nacre structure in vitro was achieved owing to the synergistic effects of egg white protein and zinc ion.

Measurement of the neutron total cross section of carbon at the Back-n white neutron beam of CSNS

To verify the performance of the neutron total cross-sectional spectrometer, the neutron total cross section of carbon is initially measured in the energy range of 1 eV to 20 MeV using the time-of-flight method. The measurement is performed at the Back-n white neutron source with a 76-m time-of-flight path using the China Spallation Neutron Source. A multilayer fast fission chamber with 235U and 238U is employed as the neutron detector. The diameter and thickness of the natural graphite sample are 70 mm and 40 mm, respectively. Signal waveforms are collected using a data acquisition system. Off-line data processing was used to obtain the neutron time-of-flight spectra and transmissions. The uncertainty of the counting statistics is generally approximately 3% for each bin in the energy range of 1–20 MeV. It is determined that the results for the neutron total cross section of carbon obtained using ^235U cells are in good agreement with the results obtained using 238U cells within limits of statistical uncertainty. Moreover, the measured total cross sections show good agreement with the broadening evaluated data.

乙烯基非交联电缆屏蔽料性能与分散剂含量关系研究

非交联绝缘材料具有优异的电气机械性能,同时生产能耗少、可回收利用,成为目前电缆绝缘料的研究热点,但与之匹配的非交联半导电屏蔽料的研究还鲜有报道。导电炭黑的分散性对屏蔽料的性能影响重大。文中选用线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)为基体树脂,白油为分散剂,采用熔融共混法制备了非交联电缆屏蔽料。研究了白油含量对屏蔽料中炭黑分散、结晶性能、体积电阻率和机械性能的影响。结果表明添加白油会促进炭黑的分散,但白油含量过大会降低屏蔽料的结晶度,增加其体积电阻率并降低拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。当白油含量为2 wt%时,屏蔽料体积电阻率最小,力学性能最佳。该研究为非交联半导电屏蔽料在乙烯基非交联电缆的应用研究提供了参考。

基于修正Xu-White模型的碳酸盐岩横波速度估算方法

在许多实际地球物理资料中往往缺失横波速度信息,这给叠前地震属性分析和叠前地震反演均带来不利影响。如今针对碎屑岩地区的横波速度预测方法已日趋成熟,而针对碳酸盐岩地区的研究相对较少。本文基于经典Xu-White模型,从岩石物理角度构建出一种适用于碳酸盐岩的修正Xu-White模型;然后类比于Pick-ett、Castagna等建立的碳酸盐岩纵横波速度经验公式,建立了更适用于碳酸盐岩地区的经验公式;将该经验公式和修正Xu-White模型应用于实际碳酸盐岩地区的横波速度预测,对预测结果进行的对比分析证实,修正Xu-White模型具有更高的横波速度预测精度。

蒸发结晶对高盐有机废水性质的影响

考察了蒸发结晶、重结晶以及活性炭对高盐有机废水性质的影响。结果表明:随着原水总有机碳(TOC)质量浓度的增大,原水结晶盐含TOC量和母液TOC质量浓度升高,原水结晶盐的白度下降;随着原水结晶盐含TOC量的增大,重结晶盐含TOC量呈加速升高趋势,母液TOC质量浓度则呈先加速后减速升高的趋势;拟合计算得出,当原水结晶盐含TOC量控制在5.338 mg/g以下,可通过一次蒸发结晶使产品盐含TOC量不高于1 mg/g;与未加入活性炭相比,加入活性炭得到的重结晶盐白度可由58.1%~60.6%上升至82.7%~83.8%。

国际电工委员会《以新能源为主体的零碳电力系统》白皮书解读

构建以新能源为主体的零碳电力系统是助力全电社会转型、实现全球清洁低碳能源体系的重要手段,也是实现“双碳”目标的重要支撑。文中对国际电工委员会出版的《以新能源为主体的零碳电力系统》白皮书进行解读。首先,介绍了白皮书发布背景,阐述了零碳电力系统所需的关键技术及面临的挑战;其次,总结了零碳电力系统领域标准化框架;最后,对零碳电力系统中涌现的新技术标准方向进行了讨论。构建体系化的零碳电力系统国际标准将为电力系统安全运行提供有力支撑。

二氧化碳点阵激光联合他克莫司软膏治疗白癜风的效果

目的探讨二氧化碳点阵激光联合他克莫司软膏治疗白癜风的效果。方法选取濮阳市安阳地区医院于2020年1月至2022年10月期间收治的白癜风患者84例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=42)和观察组(n=42)。对照组予以他克莫司软膏进行治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上联合二氧化碳点阵激光进行治疗。比较两组患者疗效、白斑复色时间、心理状态及满意度。结果两组疗效相比,观察组疗效优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组白斑复色时间相比,观察组复色时间更短,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组SDS评分及SAS评分均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组SDS评分及SAS评分低于对照组,心理状态更好,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组满意度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论二氧化碳点阵激光联合他克莫司软膏治疗白癜风,可提高患者的临床疗效,缩短白斑复色时间,且能缓解患者负面情绪,提高患者满意度。

蔗渣白泥在电解二氧化锰生产中资源化利用研究进展

蔗渣白泥是甘蔗渣制浆造纸产生的固体废弃物,主要成分是碳酸钙和少量的无机盐、有机杂质等,对蔗渣白泥的综合利用是广西蔗渣造纸行业面临的难题。从蔗渣白泥的主要来源、成分及当前主要用途进行分析,并对蔗渣白泥在电解二氧化锰行业中应用的可能性及需要解决的关键问题进行综述,为蔗渣白泥在电解二氧化锰行业实现资源化利用提出了有效途径。

Diagnosis of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease Using the Highly Sensitive DNA Based Voltammetric Electrochemical Determination

A simple and highly sensitive analysis by electrochemical voltammetry has been developed for diagnosis of the most destructive crop disease in Thailand known as sugarcane white leaf (SCWL). Determination of the corresponding DNA interaction has been obtained from the voltammetric signals of electroactive redox methylene blue (MB) by means of cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. In this study, a chitosan-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was created by self-assembly to produce electrostatic platform for effective immobilization of the DNA. Fabrication of SCWL-DNA hybridization detection system was performed by immobilizing the ssDNA probe as a specific sensor onto chitosan-modified GCE. Hybridization of complementary DNA from the real samples could then be detected by its respective MB signal. This fabricated DNA probe sensor was shown to be capable for discriminative identification among the DNAs from SCWL plants, mosaic virus infected sugarcane and healthy sugarcane plants. Relationship between the specific hybridization signal and DNA target concentration was also observed under optimal condition. The detection limit of 4.709 ng/μl with the regression coefficient (R2) of 0.998 and overall RSD of 2.44% were obtained by response curve fit analysis. The actual SCWL-ssDNA immobilization and hybridizing event were subsequently confirmed by an observation under atomic force microscope. Thus these experiments demonstrate the first successful and effective DNA based voltammetric electrochemical determination for a verification of the specific pathogenic infection within plants from the real epidemic field.

锂渣理化特性及其资源化利用研究进展

在“双碳”目标背景下,我国新能源汽车销量呈爆发式增长,市场对锂电池的需求愈来愈旺盛。在对锂资源开发利用的同时会产生大量锂渣,为解决锂渣堆存造成的占用土地、污染环境、浪费资源等问题,开展锂渣资源化利用研究具有重要的现实意义。锂渣主要成分有方石、长石、石膏以及少量石英,具有疏松多孔的微观结构,表现出了潜在的火山灰活性。基于锂渣的理化特性,对其在建材、化工等领域的资源化利用研究现状进行了综述,并对其未来的利用方向进行了展望。

碱焙烧条件对油页岩灰制备白炭黑的影响研究

采用碱焙烧法处理油页岩灰,并盐酸酸洗以达到除去灰中其他杂质从而制得高纯度白炭黑产品的目的。设计四因素三水平正交实验,研究了焙烧时间、焙烧温度、碱与油页岩灰质量比以及氢氧化钠与碳酸钠质量比四个因素对制得的白炭黑纯度的影响。通过对试验结果进行极差分析以及方差分析可得,影响白炭黑纯度的主次因素为:m(NaOH)/m(Na_(2)CO_(3))>焙烧温度>m(NaOH)/m(Na_(2)CO_(3))×焙烧温度>m(NaOH)/m(油页岩灰)>焙烧时间。最佳工艺条件为:以Na OH为活化剂,Na OH与油页岩灰质量比为1.5∶1,焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间60 min。在此条件下制备的白炭黑二氧化硅质量分数高达98.54%。通过对添加碱混合焙烧后的油页岩灰进行表征,分析可得800℃下,碱可与油页岩灰充分反应,生成易与盐酸反应的硅酸钠等物质。这使得在酸洗过程中包裹于硅铝相中的杂质可以与盐酸充分接触,溶解于液相中,易与固态的硅酸分离,达到提纯的目的。

溶剂对硅包覆碳量子点发光的影响研究

以柠檬酸、硫脲和3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为原料,水和乙醇为混合溶剂,通过热解反应合成了一种发光性能优异的固态碳点复合材料。通过调节混合溶剂中水和乙醇的体积比,发现所制备复合材料的形貌和结构大相径庭,这从根本上决定了材料的发光性能。当水和乙醇体积比为3∶7时,固态复合物发光性能最佳,发射出541nm绿光和51%的荧光量子产率。将该固态发光材料用于构建白光发光二极管,获得了CIE坐标(0.34,0.33)、显色指数94和色温5039K的优异光度学指标参数,为该材料应用于照明领域奠定了坚实的基础。

点击化学法制备羟基改性1,2-聚丁二烯及其对橡胶性能的影响

巯基-烯点击化学具有反应效率高、反应条件温和等特点。1,2-聚丁二烯(1,2-PB)含有侧乙烯基双键,较其他以主链双键为主的聚合物点击活性更高,且有利于制备高羟基官能化的改性PB产物。分别采用过氧化二苯甲酰、偶氮二异丁腈和过氧化十二酰为引发剂,2-巯基乙醇为改性剂,利用FTIR、DSC、元素分析等方法研究了引发剂种类和反应条件对1,2-PB点击改性产物结构的影响。实验结果表明,羟基与1,2-双键的反应程度大于50%,玻璃化转变温度提高10.71~13.84℃。同时还研究了羟基改性1,2-PB对白炭黑填充1,2-PB硫化胶性能的影响。