Ash removal from inferior coal via ammonium fluoride roasting and simultaneous yield of white carbon black

The quality upgrading and deashing of inferior coal by chemical method still faces great challenges.The dangers of strong acid,strong alkali,waste water and exhaust gas as well as high cost limit its industrial production.This paper systematically investigates the ash reduction and desilicification of two typical inferior coal utilizing ammonium fluoride roasting method.Under the optimal conditions,for fat coal and gas coal,the deashing rates are 69.02%and 54.13%,and the desilicification rates are 92.64%and 90.27%,respectively.The molar dosage of ammonium fluoride remains consistent for both coals;however,the gas coal,characterized by a lower ash and silica content(less than half that of the fat coal),achieves optimum deashing effect at a reduced time and temperature.The majority of silicon in coal transforms into gaseous ammonium fluorosilicate,subsequently preparing nanoscale amorphous silica with a purity of 99.90%through ammonia precipitation.Most of the fluorine in deashed coal are assigned in inorganic minerals,suggesting the possibility of further fluorine and ash removal via flotation.This research provides a green and facile route to deash inferior coal and produce nano-scale white carbon black simultaneously.

Silver Supported on White Carbon Black Containing Rare Earths as Antibacterial Material

The antimicrobial effect of the Ag-White Carbon Black containing rare earth was investigated. Inorganic antibiotic materials consist of the antibacterial ion, the additive and the carrier. The sol-gel method was used to prepare the white carbon black carrier. Ag+ was selected to be the antibacterial ion, and cerous nitrate was selected to be the additive. They were synthesized on the white carbon black carrier. The structures and properties of antibacterial material were characterized by inductively coupled plasma, particle size measurement instrument, fourier transform infrared and enumeration tests (Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium). Results showed that the amount of antibacterial ions and bacteriostasis rate of this new material are higher than those for the general Ag-antibacterial white carbon black (without containing rare earth). Ag+ was bound to white carbon black by ion exchange process and adsorption process. Bacteriostasis rate is over 99%, and the particle size can be extended down to 7 μm with a narrow size distribution. Other advantages of this material are good thermal and light stability. Furthermore, from the antibacterial experiment in rubber and the coating surface of metal, this new material showed promising results. The possible antibacterial mechanism was also proposed through all the experimental data in this study.

INFLUENCES OF MODIFIERS ON SURFACE PROPERTIES OF WHITE CARBON BLACK AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICONE RUBBER

Various of modifiers were used to modify the surface activity of white carbon black. The oil absorption, viscosity, hydrophobic rate and burning loss of white carbon black and the mechanical propertiess of silicone rubber were measured. The influences of the modifiers on the properties of white carbon black and the mechanical properties of silicone rubber were discussed.

WCB/HNBR/NBR耐热密封复合材料的制备与性能研究

通过直接共混法制备了白炭黑/氢化丁腈橡胶/丁腈橡胶(WCB/HNBR/NBR)耐热密封复合材料,研究了不同HNBR/NBR共混比、不同硫化体系对复合材料力学性能、压缩永久变形、耐油性能、耐热性能的影响。结果表明,当WCB/HNBR/NBR为30/25/75,在过氧化物/硫磺的共硫化体系下,复合材料综合性能最好,硬度、拉伸强度、压缩永久变形、150℃热空气老化后拉伸强度、浸油后体积变化率分别为58(邵A)、20.97MPa、12%、6.92MPa、11%;随着HNBR用量的增加,复合材料的耐热性能提高,而耐油性和压缩永久变形变化不大;在过氧化物/硫磺的共硫化体系下,复合材料的耐热性、耐油性、压缩永久变形、力学性能都较优异。

圆珠笔笔芯脂的设计开发与性能评价

随着我国圆珠笔产能的不断提升,我国已逐渐成为世界公认的制笔大国。在国家有关部门及相关政策的大力扶持下,圆珠笔墨水和配件加工技术等阻碍我国圆珠笔行业自主化发展的技术壁垒逐步被打破,然而现阶段国内关于笔芯脂的研究仍处于起步阶段,中高端笔芯脂产品仍主要依赖于国外进口。为此,采用无机稠化剂和硅油基础油为原料,并辅以一定的改性剂增强其稳定性,研制出一款高性能笔芯脂产品,相较于国外某高端笔芯脂产品具有更好的高低温性、抗挥发性、黏温性和储存稳定性,通过装笔测试对其使用性能进行全面评价,研制的笔芯脂表现出良好的高低温稳定性、耐冲击性和书写随动性,能够全面满足圆珠笔的使用要求.

乙烯基非交联电缆屏蔽料性能与分散剂含量关系研究

非交联绝缘材料具有优异的电气机械性能,同时生产能耗少、可回收利用,成为目前电缆绝缘料的研究热点,但与之匹配的非交联半导电屏蔽料的研究还鲜有报道。导电炭黑的分散性对屏蔽料的性能影响重大。文中选用线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)为基体树脂,白油为分散剂,采用熔融共混法制备了非交联电缆屏蔽料。研究了白油含量对屏蔽料中炭黑分散、结晶性能、体积电阻率和机械性能的影响。结果表明添加白油会促进炭黑的分散,但白油含量过大会降低屏蔽料的结晶度,增加其体积电阻率并降低拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。当白油含量为2 wt%时,屏蔽料体积电阻率最小,力学性能最佳。该研究为非交联半导电屏蔽料在乙烯基非交联电缆的应用研究提供了参考。

不同填料对天然橡胶/再生胶复合材料性能的影响

探讨了炭黑N330、白炭黑、大理石粉、方解石4种填料对天然橡胶(NR)/再生胶复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,添加炭黑N330和白炭黑制备的NR/再生胶复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和硬度最高。添加白炭黑制备的复合材料压缩永久变形最低;添加炭黑N330制备的复合材料耐磨性最好,300%定伸应力最高。添加方解石制备的复合材料耐老化性能最好。

填料改性低黏度耐高温硅橡胶胶粘剂的制备与性能研究

针对硅橡胶胶粘剂高温烧蚀环境的使用性能和工艺性需求,合成了低黏度的苯基硅橡胶基础胶,并表征基础胶分子量分布、苯基含量和黏度。所制备的基础胶苯基含量22.5%~23.8%,黏度6530~11500mPa·s,挥发分0.30%~0.37%,说明基础胶的黏度和挥发分均处于较低水平,具有良好的工艺性。然后采用苯基硅橡胶基础胶与白炭黑、铁红、短切碳纤维混炼,制备室温硫化硅橡胶胶粘剂。采用三因素三水平正交试验考察了无机填料对硅橡胶胶粘剂黏度、拉剪强度、耐温性能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)从黏度和拉剪强度的极差分析可以看出,对黏度影响最大的为白炭黑,其次为短切碳纤维。添加白炭黑,会使拉剪强度与黏度同时增加,因此在黏度许可的范围内,提高白炭黑用量,可以提高拉剪强度。(2)对残碳率进行极差分析,铁红对于残碳率的影响远大于白炭黑、短切碳纤维。铁红能够显著提高硅橡胶胶粘剂的热稳定性,当铁红添加量为10份时,加温过程中的鼓胀和排气被明显抑制。

Mechanism of antibacterial activity of silver and praseodymium-loaded white carbon black

This paper investigated the antibacterial mechanism of the Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black.The sol-gel method was used to prepare the carrier:white carbon black.Silver ion was selected to be the antibacterial ion,and praseodymium nitrate was selected to be the additive.The structure and antibacterial mechanism of this new inorganic antibacterial material were characterized by laser particle size analyzer,scanning electron microscope(SEM) techniques,energy dispersive spectrum(EDS) analysis,and antibacterial activity test(Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium).Results showed that the particle size of Ag-Pr-antibacterial White carbon black was less than 30 μm with a narrow size distribution.Ag+ is combined into the white carbon black by both the mode of ion exchange and the mode of adsorption process.The bacteriostasis rate of the Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black was higher than that of the general Ag-antibacterial white carbon black.The antibacterial activity of Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black was caused by the combination of contact and stripping antibacterial mechanism.The result also indicated that this new inorganic antibacterial material had good thermal and light stability.

Study of Viscoelastic Properties of White Carbon Black Reinforced Synthetic Polyisoprene

The viscoelastic properties of synthetic polyisoprenes （PI） reinforced by white carbon black （WCB） have been investigated and compared with WCB reinforced natural rubber （NR）, including cure characteristics, physio-mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Compared with NR, PI loaded with the same amount of WCB （PI/WCB） exhibited shorter scorch time and optimal cure time, indicating that WCB fillers are comparatively easier to conjugate with PI. The tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with WCB filling in both PI and NR vulcanizates. The hardness of the rubber vulcanizates increased with the WCB filling in the rubber matrix. PI/WCB blends exhibited smaller hardness data, lower tensile strength, as well as lower elongation at break and tensile stress. Increasing the amount of WCB in rubber matrix induced the Payne effect. However, the Payne effect is much more obvious for the PI/WCB system, and PI/WCB also displayed higher storage modulus whereas lower loss modulus and loss tangent than NR/WCB, which could all be attributed to the poor dispersibilities of WCB in the PI matrix.

白炭黑制备及表面改性研究进展

随着白炭黑的广泛应用,制备白炭黑的工艺不断完善,但生产出的大部分白炭黑带有表面羟基,以致其分散性能差、易吸附水呈亲水性,应用性能也受到影响。因此使用前通常会对其进行表面改性处理,经改性后的白炭黑有许多优越性能。本文综述了近几年来常用的几种白炭黑制备工艺及改性方法,简单介绍了改性后的白炭黑在轮胎、涂料工业以及粉体物质中的应用。

封端巯基硅烷偶联剂的合成与应用进展

自21世纪初封端巯基硅烷偶联剂首次报道以来,一直受到国外知名橡胶助剂和轮胎生产企业等领域的重视,这得益于封端巯基硅烷偶联剂双官能基团结构,使其具有能将有机聚合物与无机填料牢固地黏合在一起的应用效果。经过数十年的发展,研究者不断改进并开发了许多新型封端巯基硅烷偶联剂的制备路线,使其应用领域更加广泛。对此,主要以NXT为例总结了新型封端巯基硅烷偶联剂的合成工艺及应用领域,为进一步拓展新型硅烷偶联剂制备高性能绿色轮胎奠定一定基础,同时展望了以HXT、PXT、EXS和OXS为代表的新型封端巯基硅烷偶联剂的研究技术与发展。

改性自流平硅酮密封胶材在戈壁机场跑道灌缝中的应用

为有效提高混凝土道面接缝的寿命、弹性、耐候性,本试验在不同黏度复配聚硅氧烷基础上,制备一种自流平硅酮密封胶材料,并探究白炭黑添加量、甲基三丁酮肟基硅烷交联剂添加量对硅酮密封胶体系性能的影响,以及该密封胶材料在机场跑道砼灌缝修补的应用。结果表明,当白炭黑添加量为5%、交联剂添加量为6%时,自流平硅酮密封胶拥有良好的自流平性能和力学性能,此时自流平厚度为3.59 mm,自流平时间为116 s,拉伸强度为0.54 MPa,拉伸断裂伸长率为238%。所制备的自流平硅酮密封胶材料具有良好的性能,可用于戈壁机场跑道砼灌缝修补。

加成型液体硅橡胶用白炭黑改性研究进展

气相法白炭黑作为一种性能优异的补强填料,在硅橡胶领域有着广泛的应用,但白炭黑在基体中的分散性不佳会影响其补强效果,一定程度上限制了其应用。介绍了白炭黑的补强机理及改性方法,并对未来白炭黑的研究方向进行了展望。

白炭黑和炭黑含量对导电硅橡胶拉敏特性影响的研究

分别研究了炭黑和白炭黑填充剂对导电硅橡胶拉敏特性的影响，通过对两者实验结果的比较，发现白炭黑可使导电硅橡胶的电阻弛豫时间明显减少，并确定了最佳的炭黑和白炭黑填充量。同时对其电阻值的弛豫过程及其电阻随拉力的变化关系等实验结果作出比较合理的理论模型解释。

由稻壳灰制备活性炭的工艺及应用研究

对利用稻壳灰与碱反应制备活性炭、水玻璃及白炭黑的工艺条件进行了研究 ,通过单因素实验和正交实验 ,筛选出了反应的最佳工艺条件 :稻壳灰与KOH配比为 1∶0 .2 2 ,反应时间 4h ,反应压力 0 .6MPa。在此条件下二氧化硅的溶出率为 95 % ,硅酸钾的模数为 2 .8～ 3.2 ,白炭黑的白度在 90 %以上。提出了提高产品质量的有效方法 ,对产品的应用性能也作了分析。实验结果表明采用炭化稻壳为原料生产的活性炭、白炭黑及水玻璃质量完全达到了相应的国家标准 。

皖西霞石正长岩合成沸石分子筛及提钾的实验研究

合成沸石因具有优异的吸附及离子交换性能而备受关注。本实验以皖西地区霞石正长岩为主要原料 ,成功地合成了 13 X型沸石分子筛 ,母液经蒸发、分离 ,制得了白炭黑及碳酸钾 ,表明霞石正长岩具有巨大的潜在综合利用价值。合成沸石、白炭黑和碳酸钾的成分、结构及性能分析表明 ,3种产品均达到了国家或化工行业标准。基于此 。

乙炔炭黑填充导电硅橡胶的研究

对乙炔炭黑填充硅橡胶的导电性能进行研究。实验结果表明:在甲基乙烯基硅橡胶中,随着乙炔炭黑用量增加,试样的体积电阻率呈降低趋势;白炭黑对硅橡胶导电性能有较大不良影响;经过热处理后,硅橡胶的导电性能有明显改善。

稻壳制备白炭黑新方法研究

介绍了以稻壳为原料,不经过生成水玻璃的中间环节而直接制备白炭黑的新方法,通过在稀盐酸中煮沸、干燥后,在一定温度下煅烧,可制得优质白炭黑。对新方法制备白炭黑的工艺条件进行了研究,确定了反应的最佳工艺条件:盐酸质量分数为3%,煮沸时间为4h,煅烧温度为550℃。此条件下制得的产品白度在93%以上,二氧化硅质量分数在98%以上。BET法研究表明了产品的比表面积为235m2/g;经X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)分析表明制备的白炭黑为非晶态结构。实验结果表明:新方法生产的白炭黑质量优于国家标准,与传统方法相比,工艺条件更为简单,成本更为低廉。

多孔二氧化硅材料的应用进展

多孔二氧化硅具有绝缘(电、热、声)、耐氧化稳定性、难燃、耐腐蚀、生理惰性等特性,被许多行业应用与熟知,俗称"工业味精"。本文全面介绍了多孔二氧化硅的分类、性能特征、生产方法,综述了在石化、环保、航天等领域的最新应用研究,探讨了高级多孔二氧化硅的发展瓶颈与应用前景。