Study on Removal of Naphthenic Acids from White Oil by[BMIM]Br-AlCl_3

The removal of acid compounds （naphthenates） from acidic oil with ionic liquids was systematically investigated. [BMIM]Br-AlCl3 was used to investigate the effect on deacidification of oil. Experimental results showed that at a temperature of 323K with a molar ratio of AlCl3 to [BM1M]Br-AlCl3 of 0.2, and a mass ratio of IL to white oil of 4%, the deacidification rate could reach 75.9%. And a reaction time of 4 h was sufficient to achieve the goal. The study on reproducibility of catalytic performance of [BMIM]Br-AlCl3 showed the possibility of using the ionic liquid in the continuous catalytic reaction.

Manufacture of High-Quality Bright Stock and Ultra-Viscous White Oil from Xinjiang Heavy Naphthenic Crude Oil

Using a three-stage hydrogenation process, high-quality 150 bright stock (150BS) was produced from light DAO (LDAO, light deasphalted oil), which was obtained from vacuum residue of heavy naphthenic crude oil of Zone No.9 in Xinjiang. The 150BS product, whose viscosity index is greater than 90, is colorless and has good viscosity-temperature characteristics. This product turns out to be an excellent blending component of high-grade engine oil. And with the 150BS as a feed, very high-viscosity white oil was also produced by a further hydrofining step to substantially reduce the amount of polyaromatics contained in the feed.

Commercial Application of CPP for Producing Ethylene and Propylene from Heavy Oil Feed

A new process named CPP (Catalytic Pyrolysis Process) for producing ethylene andpropylene from heavy oil feedstock has been developed. The catalyst CEP was specially designedfor this process, which has bi-functional catalytic activities for both carbonium ion reaction andfree radical reaction, so as to maximize the yields of ethylene and propylene. The commercial trialshowed that the yield of ethylene and propylene was 20.37% and 18.23% respectively inmaximum ethylene operation with Daqing AR as feedstock, and the yield of ethylene and propylenewas 9.77% and 24.60% respectively in maximum propylene operation by using the same feedstock.Compared with steam cracker, the feed cost of CPP is much lower for producing ethylene andpropylene.

Comparison and application of different empirical correlations for estimating the hydrate safety margin of oil-based drilling fluids containing ethylene glycol

As the oil and gas industries continue to increase their activity in deep water, gas hydrate hazards will become more serious and challenging, both at present and in the future. Accurate predictions of the hydrate-free zone and the suitable addition of salts and/or alcohols in preparing drilling fluids are particularly important both in preventing hydrate problems and decreasing the cost of drilling operations. In this paper, we compared several empirical correlations commonly used to estimate the hydrate inhibition effect of aqueous organic and electrolyte solutions using experiments with ethylene glycol （EG） as a hydrate inhibitor. The results show that the Najibi et al. correlation （for single and mixed thermodynamic inhibitors） and the Ostergaard et al. empirical correlation （for single thermodynamic inhibitors） are suitable for estimating the hydrate safety margin of oil-based drilling fluids （OBDFs） in the presence of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors. According to the two correlations, the OBDF, composed of 1.6 L vaporizing oil, 2% emulsifying agent, 1% organobentonite, 0.5% SP-1, 1% LP-1, 10% water and 40% EG, can be safely used at a water depth of up to 1900 m. However, for more accurate predictions for drilling fluids, the effects of the solid phase, especially bentonite, on hydrate inhibition need to be considered and included in the application of these two empirical correlations.

Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose From Oil Palm Shoot Juices and Coconut Juice/Poly(ethylene glycol) Biocomposite

A new biocomposite was preformed between bacterial cellulose(BC)pellicle and polyethylene glycol(PEG)at different concentrations(0%,5,10%,15%and 20%)and different molecular weight(600,1000 and 2000).The structure and mechanical properties of BC/PEG biocomposite were investigated.The results indicated that the properties of the BC were improved by the addition of PEG.The morphology of the BC and BC/PEG blend was examined by a scanning electron microscope(SEM).These showed that PEG was coated with a large pore size fibril on the BC and the BC/PEG was dense with an even and smooth surface.All the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)thermograms of BC/PEG showed the same functional groups as typical BC and PEG.The DSC result showed that the thermal stability improved which might be associated with a weak interaction between BC and PEG,and may be useful for applications.

Enhanced oil recovery by nonionic surfactants considering micellization, surface, and foaming properties

Surfactants for enhanced oil recovery are important to study due to their special characteristics like foam generation,lowering interfacial tension between oleic and aqueous phases,and wettability alteration of reservoir rock surfaces.Foam is a good mobility control agent in enhanced oil recovery for improving the mobility ratio.In the present work,the foaming behavior of three nonionic ethoxylated surfactants,namely Tergitol 15-S-7,Tergitol 15-S-9,and Tergitol 15-S-12,was studied experimentally.Among the surfactants,Tergitol 15-S-12 shows the highest foamability.The effect of Na Cl concentration and synthetic seawater on foaming behavior of the surfactants was investigated by the test-tube shaking method.The critical micelle concentrations of aqueous solutions of the different nonionic surfactants were measured at 300 K.It was found that the critical micelle concentrations of all surfactants also increased with increasing ethylene oxide number.Dynamic light scattering experiments were performed to investigate the micelle sizes of the surfactants at their respective critical micelle concentrations.Core flooding experiments were carried out in sand packs using the surfactant solutions.It was found tha t22% additional oil was recovered in the case of all the surfactants over secondary water flooding.Tergitol 15-S-12exhibited the maximum additional oil recovery which is more than 26%after water injection.

Fabrication and characterization of electrospun nanofibrous mats of polycaprolactone/gelatin containing ZnO nanoparticles and cumin essential oil and their anti-staphylococcal potency in white cheese

Different concentrations of cumin essential oil(CEO)and zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)were incorporated in polycaprolactone-gelatin(PCL/Gel)to fabricate five nanofiber mats for anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity purposes in cheese.GC-MS analysis of the CEO revealed nineteen constituents.The cuminaldehyde was the most abundant(35.21%)component.FESEM analyses showed the fiber diameters in a range between 179±88 and 277±165 nm.The band intensities of ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the proper incorporation and encapsulation of ZnO NPs and/or CEO in the PCL/Gel blend.EDS analyses indicated the characteristic peaks of the nanoparticles,and elemental mapping proved the proper distribution of ZnO NPs in nanofibers.Based on TGA and DTG results,increasing ZnO NPs and/or CEO to 3%improved the thermal stability of mats.Water contact angles(WCAs)of the mats increased by adding ZnO NPs and/or CEO concentrations after 0,1,3,and 5 s.Incorporating CEO/ZnO NPs,particularly at the concentration of 3%,led to significant improvement of tensile strength,elongation at break,and Young’s modulus of the mat.According to the MTT cell viability assay,the mats had no detrimental influence on Human Dermal Fibroblasts.The CEO/ZnO NPs-loaded mats could markedly decrease or slow the bacterial growth during 12 days of cold storage of cheese samples.The sensory attributes of cheese samples treated with the CEO/ZnO NPs-loaded mat were improved during the storage period.This investigation suggested that the PCL/Gel/CEO/ZnO electrospun fibrous mats were efficient in gaining anti-staphylococcal properties and were promising for food packaging.

Comparative Studies on Biodegradative Abilities of <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>and <i>P. pulmonarius</i>in Soils Contaminated with Crude and Used Engine Oils

Crude and used engine oil degrading ability of two white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and P. pulmonarius were investigated for six months. One hundred grams of sterilized soil moistened with 75% distilled water (w/v) were weighed into 9 × 9 × 4 cm (350 cm3) jam bottles and mixed thoroughly with bonny light crude oil and used engine oil at different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25% and 30%), separately. Each bottle was then inoculated with two agar plugs of a vigorously grown mycelium of P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius using a sterile cork borer. The bottles were incubated at room temperature for 6 months. The mycelia-ramified waste was separated from soils and analysed for physicochemical parameters such as organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH and total hydrocarbon content, (THC) after drying. The organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in contaminated and inoculated soils were increased after six months. However, decrease in potassium, pH and THC occurred in these soils after the period of investigation. P. ostreatus reduced the initial THC to 8% and 9% in soils contaminated with 20% of crude and engine oils, respectively, which was lower than that of P. pulmonarius. The two white rot fungi could be exploited in bioremediation of soils contaminated with bonny light crude and used engine oils.

油脂改性环氧聚合物在“白改黑”路面改造铺装中的应用研究

为实现原有的混凝土刚性路面朝着黏结力高且韧性好的弹性聚合物路面的改造(“白改黑”),本研究开发了新型的油脂改性环氧聚合物体系,可用于 “白改黑”路面改造项目中的薄层路面铺装,并详细研究了常温条件下固化时间对材料力学性能的影响,研究结果表明24?h后材料的力学强度可达到使用要求,材料的耐水性和耐酸碱性优异,所制备材料完全符合道路快速修复路面“白改黑”项目中的使用。

圆珠笔笔芯脂的设计开发与性能评价

随着我国圆珠笔产能的不断提升,我国已逐渐成为世界公认的制笔大国。在国家有关部门及相关政策的大力扶持下,圆珠笔墨水和配件加工技术等阻碍我国圆珠笔行业自主化发展的技术壁垒逐步被打破,然而现阶段国内关于笔芯脂的研究仍处于起步阶段,中高端笔芯脂产品仍主要依赖于国外进口。为此,采用无机稠化剂和硅油基础油为原料,并辅以一定的改性剂增强其稳定性,研制出一款高性能笔芯脂产品,相较于国外某高端笔芯脂产品具有更好的高低温性、抗挥发性、黏温性和储存稳定性,通过装笔测试对其使用性能进行全面评价,研制的笔芯脂表现出良好的高低温稳定性、耐冲击性和书写随动性,能够全面满足圆珠笔的使用要求.

柴油烃组成结构对蒸汽裂解性能的影响

为了拓宽化工原料及实现柴油的优化利用,开展了不同工艺、不同组成柴油的蒸汽裂解性能评价,采用SPYRO模拟软件对6种柴油进行了模拟计算并对其裂解产物收率进行了对比分析。结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱和核磁共振技术,从柴油裂解产物收率、组成结构及混合裂解性能等方面分析了造成柴油裂解产物分布和收率的差异原因。结果表明:烷烃含量高、馏程窄、碳链短、芳环取代度较高,烷链支化度较低的柴油比较适合作乙烯裂解原料,同时通过与尾油混合裂解,可以进一步优化柴油的裂解性能,为化工行业提供更多元化的原料选择。

锂离子电池湿法PE隔膜生产工艺用白油变色原因

白油是锂离子电池湿法聚乙烯(PE)隔膜生产中的造孔剂。针对白油循环使用过程中油品外观发黄、黄色物质未定性等问题,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术研究了模拟生产工艺条件下白油、PE、抗氧化剂1010(I1010)的结构变化与耐黄变性能的关系,以及质量比不同的3种物料混合物的结构变化、耐黄变性能与质量比的关系;采用高效液相色谱和高分辨质谱技术对回收油中黄色物质进行了定性分析。结果表明,白油、PE和I1010在工艺过程中均发生氧化反应,变黄物质的产生是三者协同作用的结果,其中PE和I1010为主要诱因;黄色物质为芳香酯类化合物和I1010。本研究为白油循环使用工艺的改进提供参考。

能源转型下炼化行业发展趋势与企业竞争力分析

交通运输一直是世界石油需求的主要领域。由于能源转型加速、燃油效率提升,世界交通运输燃料需求将达峰值,石化原料需求将成为石油需求增长的主要动力。随着减油增化、新建乙烯等项目的推进实施,我国乙烯规模将继续高速增长,大宗基础化学品和通用合成材料规模也将大幅提升,结构性过剩压力日益增加。实施炼化结构调整,选择有竞争力的工艺流程、产品结构和工艺技术,采取节能降耗措施、加大降碳技术应用、提高低碳石化原料比例等手段已成为炼化企业高质量发展的必由之路。

煤制油沥青改性制备包覆沥青及其表征分析

以煤制油沥青(coal to oil asphalt,CTOA)为原料,加入乙烯焦油沥青(ethylene tar pitch,ETP)进行改性,采用热聚合法制备出高品质的包覆沥青。在最佳热聚合工艺条件下制备出200^(#)包覆沥青;利用元素分析仪、红外光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪等对包覆沥青的微观形貌、结构和组成进行分析。结果表明,相较于空气氧化法和催化交联聚合法,改性和热聚合所制备的200^(#)包覆沥青的QI和灰分质量分数显著降低,产品性能优异;微观结构和组成分析表明,包覆沥青分子具有较高的碳质量分数和芳香缩合度,分子中类石墨结构增多,碳微晶排列规整,热重分析结果进一步证实其热稳定性显著增强,可用作锂电负极包覆材料。

国内特种油产业发展现状及趋势展望

在“双碳”目标的驱动下,国内低碳产业正在快速成长,石油石化行业转型发展势在必行。特种油产品作为“油转特”的一部分,包括润滑油脂、橡胶增塑剂、白油、轻质白油等四大类,涉及应用领域极广,不仅是国民经济与工业体系自主化发展的重要保障,也是石油石化企业长期盈利的突破点和后备军。文章从市场发展的角度剖析国内特种油品需求走势,阐明“双碳”新形势下特种油品的产业定位,并为石油石化企业进一步发展特种油业务提供建议。

乙烯基非交联电缆屏蔽料性能与分散剂含量关系研究

非交联绝缘材料具有优异的电气机械性能,同时生产能耗少、可回收利用,成为目前电缆绝缘料的研究热点,但与之匹配的非交联半导电屏蔽料的研究还鲜有报道。导电炭黑的分散性对屏蔽料的性能影响重大。文中选用线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)为基体树脂,白油为分散剂,采用熔融共混法制备了非交联电缆屏蔽料。研究了白油含量对屏蔽料中炭黑分散、结晶性能、体积电阻率和机械性能的影响。结果表明添加白油会促进炭黑的分散,但白油含量过大会降低屏蔽料的结晶度,增加其体积电阻率并降低拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。当白油含量为2 wt%时,屏蔽料体积电阻率最小,力学性能最佳。该研究为非交联半导电屏蔽料在乙烯基非交联电缆的应用研究提供了参考。

中压加氢裂化装置生产5号工业白油的工艺改进

在中国石化洛阳分公司150万t/a蜡油中压加氢裂化装置中,分别采用减压轻蜡油、直馏柴油、催化柴油组成的混合原料(蜡油进料模式)和直馏柴油、催化柴油、渣油加氢柴油组成的混合原料(柴油进料模式)进行了5号工业白油的生产,通过工艺改进,解决了产品运动黏度不达标的问题。结果表明:在柴油进料模式下,将循环氢流量由195717 m^(3)/h提高至214780 m^(3)/h,反应系统压力由8.7 MPa提高至10.2 MPa,精制(裂化)反应器入口温度由300(321)℃升高至318(352)℃,加氢裂化尾油产品的运动黏度降低至5.008 mm^(2)/s;将分馏塔汽提介质由蒸汽改为氮气,可解决尾油带水的问题;将尾油部分外甩至催化装置或罐区,以解决易着色物质在尾油中富集的问题;在蜡油原料模式下,将航空煤油抽出量由30 t/h提高至45 t/h,柴油抽出量由63 t/h降低至55 t/h,柴油侧线产品的闪点和运动黏度分别增加至132℃,4.361 mm^(2)/s,达到白油指标要求。

2023年化工轻油市场回顾及2024年展望

2023年,全球石化行业均处于需求疲弱、利润低迷的景气周期底部,石脑油裂解价差创近5年来次低。由于我国处于化工装置投产高峰期,直接拉动化工轻油进口规模突破千万吨,国内石化行业处在原料供应严重不足及终端需求低迷的双重压力下。预计2024年,随着下游消费逐步恢复,全球石脑油需求将回归正常增长,裂解价差有所修复,但仍处于较弱水平;化工原料不足的困境略有缓解,短期内国内化工轻油缺口维持在千万吨左右。中长期化工轻油缺口将持续扩大,进口规模进一步增加,建议企业扩大全球资源采购力度,加大石脑油储罐建设,提高炼厂化工轻油自供比重。

某油冷却器换热管泄漏原因

某公司生产的油冷却器换热管在投入使用9~12个月后发生腐蚀泄漏现象。采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、扫描电镜和能谱分析、原子吸收光谱分析等方法分析了管道腐蚀泄漏的原因。结果表明:油冷却器换热管介质中的氯离子和硫离子在管内壁积垢中沉积并富集在管壁基体前沿,导致内壁产生大量点腐蚀,点腐蚀位置与未腐蚀位置形成大阴极小阳极腐蚀电池,增大了腐蚀速率,在管内介质的冲刷作用下,点腐蚀坑进一步扩大,最终导致管道泄漏。

马麝出血症组织灭活疫苗的制备及免疫保护性分析

马麝病毒性出血症(Moschus chrysogaster viral hemorrhagic disease,McVHD)是一种急性、高度致死性、出血性传染病,给马麝驯养业造成了重大的经济损失,严重威胁马麝种群的繁育以及相关产业的发展。为了提高对马麝出血症的防控能力,需研制有效预防马麝出血症的疫苗。用出血症病死马麝的肝脏毒感染家兔,取病死兔肝脏制备组织匀浆,反复冻融后离心,上清经除菌处理后用甲醛灭活,进而配制马麝出血症组织灭活疫苗,并在安全性试验的基础上进行动物试验。结果显示,未加佐剂组织灭活疫苗组的致死保护率为100%,白油佐剂组织灭活疫苗组的致死保护率为66.7%,商品疫苗组致死保护率为100%,表明疫苗有较好免疫保护效果。研究结果为有效预防马麝出血症和商品化疫苗的开发奠定了基础。