Combined Recycling of White Rice Husk Ash as Cement Replacement and Metal Furnace Slag as Coarse-Aggregate Replacement to Produce Self-Consolidating Concrete

According to empirical evidence,high levels of energy and considerable amounts of natural resources are used in the production of concrete.Given the context,this study explores self-consolidating concrete(SCC)that includes rice husk ash(RHA)and metal furnace slag(MFS)as an alternative to cement and the natural aggregates in standard SCC mixes.In this study,mixture designs are investigated with 20 wt.%of RHA,10–30 wt.%of MFS and water-to-powder material ratios of 0.30 and 0.40.Based on the findings regarding the fresh-state,hardened-state,and durability properties of the resulting SCC mixes,it is evident that the use of RHA and MFS can significantly improve the properties of concrete.The highest compressive strength was achieved for SCC with 20 wt.%RHA and 10 wt.%MFS.This outcome should be used as a basis for further investigations into the production of concrete materials that are both high-performance and sustainable.

Glycemic Responses of Food Formulations Based on White Rice and White Bean

The management of diabetes mellitus is based on lifestyle and dietary measures suggesting the consumption of foods with a low glycemic index. The present study was conducted in order to propose food formulas based on white rice and white beans resulting in a lower glycemic response. For this, food formulations based on these foods were first made, in particular the formulation [75% white rice + 25% white beans] and the formulation [50% rice + 50% white beans]. Then, the biochemical composition of white rice, white bean and these two formulations was determined by the usual methods. Finally, their glycemic responses over 120 minutes were studied by the FAO/ WHO 1998 method. The results showed that white rice [100% white rice] had the highest carbohydrate content (54.61%) followed respectively by the formulation [75% white rice + 25% white bean] (45.69%), the white bean [100% white bean] (29.1%) and the formulation [50% white rice + 50% white bean] (26.16%). In terms of glycemic responses, the formulation [50% white rice + 50% white beans] presented the best evolution with a lower peak (6.041 mmol/L) observed at T45min and a lower postprandial glycemia (4.872 mmol/ L) at T120min. An increase in the proportion of beans is therefore recommended as it may suggest a beneficial metabolic effect.

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of Novel White Striped Leaf Mutant Gene in Rice

A new white striped leaf mutant wsll was discovered from Nipponbare mutated by ethyl methanesulfonate. The mutant showed white striped leaves at the seedling stage and the leaves gradually turned green after the tillering stage. The chlorophyll content of wsll was significantly lower than that of wild-type during the fourth leaf stage, tillering stage and booting stage. The numbers of chloroplast, grana and grana lamella were reduced and the thylakoids were degenerated in wsll compared with wild type. Genetic analysis showed that the wsll was controlled by a single recessive gene. Molecular mapping of the wsll was performed using an F2 population derived from wsll/Nanjing 11. The wsll was finally mapped on the telomere region of chromosome 9 and positioned between simple sequence repeat markers RM23742 and RM23759 which are separated by approximately 486.5 kb. The results may facilitate map-based cloning of wsll and understanding of the molecular mechanism of the regulation of leaf-color by WSL1 in rice.

Analysis of Variations in White-Belly and White-Core Rice Kernels Within a Panicle and the Effect of Panicle Type

This study aims to investigate the variation in occurrence of white-belly rice kernel（WBRK） and white-core rice kernel（WCRK） among different positions within a panicle. Twenty-four M4 mutants involved in four panicle types, namely the compact, intermediate, loose, and chicken foot panicle were used. They derived from a japonica rice cultivar Wuyujing 3. Considerable differences in morphological characters existed among the four types of panicle, especially in panicle length, the secondary branch number and ratio of grain number to total branch length. Marked differences were found in WBRK and WCRK among different positions within a panicle for all types of panicle. In general, grains located on the primary rachis and top rachis branches had higher WBRK and WCRK percentage than those on the secondary rachis and bottom rachis branches. WCRK exhibited larger variation among grain positions than WBRK did. Moreover, there was a significant difference in WCRK/WBRK among grain positions within a panicle, with primary rachis and top rachis branches having higher values than the secondary and bottom rachis. In addition, panicle type showed no significant effect on the pattern of WBRK and WCRK occurrence within a panicle. The results indicated the difference in mechanism of WBRK and WCRK formation in grain position within a panicle, and are valuable for breeding and agronomic practices aimed at lowering chalky grain rate.

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of a Thermo-sensitive White Stripe-Leaf Mutant at Seedling Stage in Rice(Oryza sativa)

A thermo-sensitive white stripe-leaf mutant （tws） was selected from the M2 progeny of a japonica variety, Jiahua 1, treated by ^60 Co γ-radiation. In comparison with the wild type parent, the mutant displayed a phenotype of white stripe on the 3rd and 4th leaves, but began to turn normal green on the 5th leaf when grown at low temperatures （20℃ and 24℃）. Furthermore, the content of total chlorophyll showed an obvious decrease in the leaves with white stripe. These results suggest that the expression of the mutant trait was thermo-sensitive and correlated with the leaf age of seedlings. The genetic analysis indicated that the mutant trait was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, designated as tws. In addition, by using SSR markers and an F2 segregating population derived from the cross between the tws mutant and 9311, tws was mapped between the markers MM3907 and MM3928 with a physical distance of 86 kb on dce chromosome 4.

Damage Associated with Lepidoptera Rice Stem Borers in an Integrated Cropping System in Bama, Western Burkina Faso

Lepidoptera stem borers cause significant damage in irrigated rice in Burkina Faso. This study was conducted to monitor the damage associated with these insect pests in an integrated cropping system over two consecutive years, 2020 and 2021. We used a randomized split-plot design in a latice design. Two rice varieties (FKR64 and Orylux6) were factors and four types of crop management before rice were used. Mineral fertilization (F0, F1, F2, F3) was distributed in secondary plots as the third factor. Weekly entomological assessments were conducted. Dead hearts and white heads were randomly sampled during the vegetative and the reproductive phases of the rice plant, respectively. Pre-immature populations of stem borers were recorded after laboratory dissection of rice tillers showing symptoms of damage. Chilo spp. was the most represented stem borer, irrespective of rice variety and type of treatment. Lepidoptera damage was higher in plots with higher NPK and legume than previous crops at 42 days after transplanting. The highest average rate of pre-immature stem borer populations was recorded on the Orylux6 variety. Parasitoids associated with stem borers belonged to four families of the order Hymenoptera. The highest yields were recorded in plots with the FKR 64 * F1 combination.

Development and Characterization of Extruded Broken Rice and Lupine (<i>Lupinus albus</i>)

Mixtures of cereals and legumes result in products with higher content of high biological value proteins. The thermoplastic extrusion promotes the transformation of chemical, physical and nutritional characteristics of the food such as starch gelatinization and promotes the inactivation of anti-nutritional compounds and enzymes. This study aimed to develop products extruded using broken rice and lupine and to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of those products. The expansion index (EI), water solubility (WSI), water absorption (WAI), texture and color were determined for the extruded rice, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the extruded rice was also performed. As the rice concentration in the mixture increased, the EI, WSI and WAI values as well as the a* color parameter were increased too, and the brightness was reduced. An increase in the levels of essential amino acids with the addition of lupine grain to the extrudates was observed. SEM analysis identified intact loose starch granules or pellets in the raw materials, and the extruded samples showed a compact and amorphous shape without apparent starch granules. Due to the structural changes and reduced expansion rate of the extruded mixture prepared with lupine and rice grits, use of the extruded mixtures as snacks would not be suitable. However, these mixtures could be used in pre-gelatinized flour to formulate various products to increase the protein level.

Influence of Moisture Content,Variety and Parboiling on Milling Quality of Rice Grains

The effects of moisture content （8%, 10%and 12%）, variety （Tarom and Fajr） and parboiling on milling quality of rice as a function of milling recovery （MR）, head rice yield （HRY）, degree of milling （DOM） and whiteness were investigated. The parboiled grains was prepared with three soaking temperatures of 25 oC, 50 oC and 75 oC and three steaming times of 10, 15 and 20 min. As a result of parboiling, the increasing rates of MR and HRY values were 7.8%and 14.3%for Tarom and 9.8%and 10.0%for Fajr, respectively, and the decreasing rates for DOM and whiteness were 6.6%and 10.8%for Tarom and 6.8% and 10.5% for Fajr, respectively. Moreover, decreasing moisture content to 8%maximized MR （75.8% for Tarom and 74.3% for Fajr） and HRY （65.8% for Tarom and 57.0% for Fajr） while increasing that to 12%revealed maximum values of DOM （6.1%for Tarom and 6.2%for Fajr） and whiteness （24.8%for Tarom and 28.2%for Fajr）.

Ecological Fitness of Non-vector Planthopper Sogatella furcifera on Rice Plants Infected with Rice Black Streaked Dwarf Virus

We evaluated the effects of rice black streak dwarf virus （RBSDV）-infested rice plants on the ecological parameters and its relevant defensive and detoxification enzymes of white-backed planthopper （WBPH） in laboratory for exploring the relationship between RBSDV and the non-vector planthopper. The results showed that nymph survival rate, female adult weight and fecundity, and egg hatchability of WBPH fed on RBSDV-infested rice plants did not markedly differ from those on healthy plants, whereas the female adult longevity and egg duration significantly shortened on diseased plants. Furthermore, significantly higher activities of defensive enzymes （dismutase, catalase and peroxidase） and detoxification enzymes （acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase） were found in WBPH adults fed on infected plants. Results implied that infestation by RBSDV increased the ecological fitness of non-vector planthopper population.

Resistance of Major Rice Cultivars in Hangzhou Area of China against Southern Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus

Resistance of 17 major rice cultivars in Hangzhou region of China against southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus was tested in the paper. The results showed that the incidence rate of southern rice black-streWed dwarf virus had certain positive correlation with quantity of white-backed planthopper （Sogatellafurci-fera） and resistance among various cultivars was significant. Two varieties, Yueyou 9113 and Tianyouhuazhan, were most susceptible ; Yongyou 8, Jiayou 2 and Xi-ushui 134 had best resistance and could be used as disease-resistant varieties to prevent the disease.

2种SDHI类杀菌剂对水稻恶苗病及干尖线虫病防治效果研究

恶苗病和干尖线虫病是严重危害水稻生长的重要种传病害。为明确琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(SDHI)类杀菌剂对水稻恶苗病和干尖线虫病的防治效果,开展了室内毒力测定和田间小区试验。室内毒力测定结果表明,氟唑菌酰羟胺对咪鲜胺敏感和抗性恶苗病菌菌株的EC_(50)分别为0.7285、0.7736mg/L。田间试验结果表明,200g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺SC1000~4000倍液处理对水稻恶苗病的防效为84.18%~100%,但对水稻干尖线虫病无效;41.7%氟吡菌酰胺SC500~2000倍液处理对水稻恶苗病的防效为92.11%~96.75%,对水稻干尖线虫病的防效为82.49%~88.93%。

稻米加工副产品营养指标的近红外预测模型的建立

为实现对稻米加工副产品营养物质的快速检测,按需进行饲料加工和加工副产品分级,研究选用302份稻米加工副产品样品(碎米107份、腹白米77份及异色粒118份),经过标准方法理化数据检测、样品前处理、近红外光谱采集、光谱数据预处理、筛选特征波长和建立模型等步骤,最终建立了针对碎米、腹白米及异色粒3种稻米加工副产品总体的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪以及粗纤维营养指标的总定量预测模型。结果显示:所建立的模型决定系数R^(2)均大于0.85,相对分析误差(RPD)均大于2.5,具有较好的准确性、稳定性。研究表明,此检测方法快速、高效、准确,提高了稻米加工副产品的综合利用率。

云南山区旱地稻田蛴螬组成结构及空间分布特征

【目的】明确云南省山区旱地稻田蛴螬种类组成、种群空间分布型及抽样方法,为云南山区旱地稻田蛴螬类害虫的预测预报及综合防控提供参考依据。【方法】选择云南省普洱市澜沧县竹塘乡蒿枝坝村、哈果马村和诺国村3个主要旱地稻种植区为试验地点,于2022和2023年采用五点取样法对旱地稻田中的蛴螬种类进行系统调查及鉴定;通过聚集度指标法、Iwao回归分析、Taylor幂函数法及种群聚集均数分析不同试验点旱地稻田蛴螬空间分布型和聚集原因,并基于空间分布结果,拟合建立理论抽样和序贯抽样模型。【结果】云南省普洱市澜沧县3个试验地点的旱地稻田共发现9种蛴螬,隶属于3科6属,其中黑阿鳃金龟(Apogonia cupreoviridis)和东方绢金龟(Maladera orientalis)是主要的优势种,相对丰度分别为30.91%和24.18%。聚集度指标法、Iwao回归分析及Taylor幂法结果显示,2022和2023年蒿枝坝村、哈国马村和诺国村的蛴螬空间分布型均表现为聚集分布(α<0,β>1);聚集均数λ值均大于2,表明昆虫本身的生活习性和环境气候、土壤湿度、植株生长状况等因素是影响旱地稻田蛴螬个体聚集的主要因素。通过建立理论抽样和序贯抽样模型可知,当允许误差D为0.3,蒿枝坝村、哈国马村和诺国村的虫口密度均为2头/m^(2)时,2022年所需的理论抽样数分别为353、393和155 m^(2),2023年所需抽样数为76、44和49 m^(2)。【结论】云南省普洱市澜沧县竹塘乡3个村的旱地稻种植田蛴螬共有9种,主要优势种为黑阿鳃金龟和东方绢金龟。蛴螬种群在田间呈聚集分布,引起聚集的原因是昆虫本身的生活习性和环境气候、土壤湿度、植株生长状况等因素。

技术史视角下20世纪我国现代日用陶瓷装饰设计创新动力机制研究——以景德镇青花玲珑瓷为例

20世纪我国日用陶瓷的设计创新是在现代瓷业系统的内、外部动力的共同作用下形成,且很大程度上依赖于技术推动机制。目的为探究我国现代日用陶瓷装饰设计创新的驱动力,及其各要素相互依存和制约的机制。方法以景德镇青花玲珑瓷为个案,从技术史视角切入,对其生成基础、宏观结构、微观事件和内在观念四个动力要素予以阐述。结论青花玲珑瓷在设计雏形生成、设计标准确定、行业典范树立和设计“传统”发明的作用机制下确立景德镇“四大传统名瓷”之一的身份,并以兼具民族性和现代性的装饰设计特点成为20世纪我国现代日用陶瓷创新中的典范。

不同色泽大米中5种金属元素检测及膳食风险分析

目的建立湿法消解和火焰原子吸收光谱法检测3种大米中Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn等5种金属元素含量的方法,并评估其膳食风险。方法以云南省红河县紫米、红米和白米为实验对象,湿法消解处理大米样品,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法分别检测分析3种大米中5种金属元素含量,结合单一元素可耐受最高摄入量及靶标危害商值(target hazard quotient,THQ)进行大米膳食风险分析。结果3种大米中均检测出Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn元素;紫米和白米中各元素回收率分别在97.96%~101.45%和97.27%~102.97%之间,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSDs)值分别在1.52%~2.31%和0.42%~2.41%之间,方法可靠。结论湿法消解和火焰原子吸收法精密度好、准确度高,适用于测定3种大米中Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn元素含量,所测元素的THQ均小于1,食用3种大米均不会产生非致癌健康风险。

冰醋酸预处理制备白色稻壳灰及其结构特性分析

为探究冰醋酸预处理制备白色稻壳灰的可行性,对原状稻壳进行冰醋酸浸泡预处理,并在不同的温度和时间条件下进行煅烧。采用X射线荧光光谱分析、X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜等多种手段表征煅烧产物的结构特性。结果表明:冰醋酸预处理原状稻壳在600℃煅烧1.5 h,可以高效制备颜色白皙、杂质元素含量低、无定形二氧化硅纯度高的活性稻壳灰。研究为稻壳灰的预处理提供了新的方案,有利于提高稻壳的资源价值。

大米饮料制备工艺研究

利用糙米和精米经烘炒、生物酶解、过滤、罐装、包装等工序制造色泽清亮、香气宜人、保留糙米和精米原有成分的甘甜可口的大米饮料。对烘烤时间及水解条件等关键工序作了较为系统的研究,大米最佳烘烤条件:白米190℃、20min效果较好,糙米180℃、20min。最佳水解条件为蛋白水解酶2%,葡萄糖化酶125U/g,温度50℃,时间7h。

不同色稻精米与米糠中黄酮含量的差异分析

选用3种种皮颜色类型的62个水稻推广品种和种质资源.对不同色稻黄酮含量及其差异进行分析研究,研 究结果表明:①在黑、红和白3种色稻样品中,精米中黄酮含量依次为(0.093±0.052)g·hg-1、(0.025± 0.027)g·hg-1和(0.007±0.014)g·hg-1,米糠中黄酮含量依次为(3.898±0.940)g·hg-1、(0.706± 0.349)g·hg-1和(0.124±0.053)g·hg-1;②黑米精米和米糠中黄酮含量显著高于白米和红米,分别为红米的3.72 倍和5.52倍,为白米的13.29倍和31.44倍;红米显著高于白米,精米和米糠中的黄酮含量分别为白米的3.57倍和 5.69倍。③在3种色稻中,米糠中的黄酮含量均大幅度高于精米的黄酮含量,黑、红、白3种色稻米糠中黄酮含量 分别为精米中的41.91倍、28.24倍和17.71倍。

结合流通环境对大米真空包装技术的研究

文中主要讨论大米真空保鲜包装技术所存在的问题及解决方法。目前我国大米销售包装常采用抽真空作为保鲜技术,虽然真空包装在对大米的贮藏和销售过程中有一定的保鲜作用,但在流通过程中破袋率较高。文中从大米真空包装的真空度出发,结合流通环境来研究大米真空包装最佳真空度。

黑米皮对高脂诱导的家兔动脉粥样硬化形成的影响

目的 : 研究膳食黑米皮对高脂诱导的家兔动脉粥样硬化形成的抑制作用。方法 : 雄性新西兰大耳白家兔 3 2只 ,体重 2 .1 6± 0 .1 2 kg。按体重随机分为四组 ,分别饲以正常基础饲料、高脂饲料 (含 96 %基础饲料、0 .5 %胆固醇、3 .5 %猪油 )、白米皮饲料 (含 91 %基础饲料、0 .5 %胆固醇、3 .5 %猪油、5 %白米皮 )、黑米皮饲料 (含 91 %基础饲料、0 .5 %胆固醇、3 .5 %猪油、5 %黑米皮 ) ,另外 ,用酪蛋白及蔗糖将各组饲料的蛋白质含量和总能量分别调至平衡。喂饲 6 0 d后 ,处死家兔 ,用图像分析法测定各组家兔主动脉脂质斑块面积。结果 : 黑米皮组的实验家兔主动脉壁斑块面积较高脂组低 6 6 % (P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,较白米皮组低 75 % (P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;白米皮组和高脂组之间主动脉壁斑块面积无显著性差异。结论 : 膳食黑米皮可以抑制高脂诱导的家兔动脉粥样硬化形成 。