Development of Tea Whitener Using Concentrated Whey and Milk Solids

Whey and toned milk was effectively used for the development of tea whitener. Cheese whey was concentrated to 12% solids in a vacuum evaporator, pasteurized at 72℃±2℃ for 15 s, diluted back to 11.5% solids and was cold blended with toned milk of 11.5% solids in three ratios viz. 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 and selected blends were homogenized at 1200-1500 psi. Tea was prepared by adding 80 mL whitener to 100 mL decoction and addition of sugar at 8% (w/v). The tea whitener was selected based on the sensory attributes of tea beverages. The colour of the beverages, tea whiteners and decoction were analyzed by reflectance meter and computer vision image analysis technique. The viscosity of the beverage was tested using a Brookfield viscometer. Coffee stability test was done to assess the stability of tea whitener under acidic conditions. Standard plate count, Coliform count and Presumptive Coliform test were done to assess the microbiological quality of the whitener. Homogenization had a positive impact on the viscosity and colour. The reflectance value of tea prepared from 25% homogenised whey milk blend and toned milk were in the range of 43-46 and 45-49, respectively. The viscosity of tea was found to increase with homogenization and whey levels. The sedimentation values of 25% whey blends and toned milk were 1.25 mL and 1 mL respectively. The shelf life of the blends was 2 days under refrigerated conditions. It can be concluded that a satisfactory tea whitener can be prepared by blending whey with toned milk in 25:75 proportion followed by homogenization.

The Research Progress and Prospect Analysis of Germ-Remaining Rice Whitener

In this paper, the backdrop and significance of the research of germ-remaining rice whitener firstly were expatiated. Then, the study progress in China and overseas was summarized. Lastly, the research prospect of this kind of whitener in China was analyzed. It is hoped that it can coach the design of germ-remaining rice whitener.

Extraction and Refining Process of Polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake and Verification of Its Whitening Effect

[Objectives]The paper was to determine the extraction and refining process of polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake,and to verify its whitening effect.[Methods]With T.matsutake as the research object,the effects of eluent concentration,loading amount and diameter-to-height ratio on the refining process of T.matsutake polysaccharide were explored by orthogonal test,to optimize the dynamic elution conditions of T.matsutake polysaccharide.The survival rate of mouse melanoma cells(B16),inhibition of melanin synthesis and inhibition of tyrosinase activity of crude extract A1 and refined extracts A2-A4 were tested to verify the whitening effect of T.matsutake.[Results]The best extraction and refining process for T.matsutake polysaccharide was:eluent 40%ethanol(volume fraction),loading amount 30 mg/g(polysaccharide-resin),diameter-to-height ratio 1∶8.Under this condition,the extraction rate of T.matsutake can reach up to 33%(A3).The whitening efficacy test showed that crude extract A1 and refined extracts A2-A4 had good whitening effects,and the whitening effects were A3≥A4>A1>A2.[Conclusions]The study provides a reference for the application of T.matsutake polysaccharide in cosmetics.

Adaptive Recurrent Iterative Updating Stereo Matching Network

When training a stereo matching network with a single training dataset, the network may overly rely on the learned features of the single training dataset due to differences in the training dataset scenes, resulting in poor performance on all datasets. Therefore, feature consistency between matched pixels is a key factor in solving the network’s generalization ability. To address this issue, this paper proposed a more widely applicable stereo matching network that introduced whitening loss into the feature extraction module of stereo matching, and significantly improved the applicability of the network model by constraining the variation between salient feature pixels. In addition, this paper used a GRU iterative update module in the disparity update calculation stage, which expanded the model’s receptive field at multiple resolutions, allowing for precise disparity estimation not only in rich texture areas but also in low texture areas. The model was trained only on the Scene Flow large-scale dataset, and the disparity estimation was conducted on mainstream datasets such as Middlebury, KITTI 2015, and ETH3D. Compared with earlier stereo matching algorithms, this method not only achieves more accurate disparity estimation but also has wider applicability and stronger robustness.

In Vivo Study of a Natural Whitening Agent

A natural whitening agent to replace synthetic bioactives was developed.Xin Qi Bai(XQB)was composed of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and the whitening efficacy was tested in vivo.Qualified volunteers were selected and used cream with or without XQB for 8 weeks continuously.The individual type angle(ITA°),melanin index(MI)and the stain area(%)were tested after 0,2,4 and 8 weeks.XQB can increase ITA°value,decrease MI value and the stain area of skin.Results showed that XQB has good whitening efficacy in vivo,and is a natural whitening agent.

Study on The Whitening Effect of a Composite Plant Extract

By compounding the cranberry extract,lavender flower extract,Kakadu plum extract,edelweiss flower/leaf extract and aloe vera extract into a composite plant extract(BIRC-Rosée WT100),the whitening effects of this composite plant extract in antioxidation,anti-inflammation,skin barrier maintenance,and inhibition of melanin production and transport were evaluated.By comparing the inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity between the composite plant extract andα-arbutin,and then analyzing the decline of apparent chromaticity,apparent brightness and melanin content through 3D melanin skin model platform,the comprehensive whitening effect was evaluated and compared with that of kojic acid.The results showed that,the composite plant extract(BIRC-Rosée WT100)had a tyrosinase inhibition rate of 98.99%at the original concentration,which was much higher than that ofα-arbutin.In 3D melanin skin model,the apparent chromaticity and brightness could be effectively improved,and moreover,the total amount of melanin in the skin could be reduced,showing remarkable whitening effect.

二维点模式图像的仿射变换配准

提出了一种图像特征点配准算法·该算法为二维点模式图像仿射配准建立了新的求解模型,此模型对参考图像的特征点集和浮动图像的特征点集分别进行Whitening变换,将点集间的一般仿射变换问题转换为刚性变换问题;在对刚性变换求解时,采用平滑性好、局部极值较少的新的目标函数;并引入了形变程度分量,使该算法更能符合实际应用·结合文中提出的新的仿射不变量,目标函数只需在平分法的基础上加入随机因素便能快速求解·实验结果证明,该算法在处理特征点仿射配准问题上具有速度快、精度高的特点·

基于PCA和Whitening算法的水稻病害图像预处理研究

水稻病害图像预处理在使用机器视觉技术对水稻病害智能诊断识别中至关重要。预处理效果直接影响水稻病害识别准确率。提出一种新的基于PCA和Whitening融合算法的水稻病害图像预处理方法。实验获取了水稻病害彩色图像和灰度图像的训练样本和测试样本,对获取的样本应用PCA降维,然后对降维后的样本随机取样,应用Whitening算法得到了相应的训练特征和测试特征。实验表明,该融合算法增强了预处理后的水稻病害图像样本对光照及亮度的鲁棒性,可有效提高病害识别准确率。

Potential risks of spectrum whitening deconvolution——compared with well-driven deconvolution

Deconvolution is widely used to increase the resolution of seismic data. To compare the resolution ability of conventional spectrum whitening deconvolution to thin layers with that of welldriven deconvolution, a complex sedimentary geological model was designed, and then the simulated seismic data were processed respectively by each of the two methods. The amplitude spectrum of seismic data was almost white after spectrum whitening, but the wavelet resolution was low. The amplitude spectrum after well-driven deconvolution deviated from white spectrum, but the wavelet resolution was high. Further analysis showed that if an actual reflectivity series could not well satisfy the hypothesis of white spectrum, spectrum whitening deconvolution had a potential risk of wavelet distortion, which might lead to a pitfall in high resolution seismic data interpretation. On the other hand, the wavelet after well- driven deconvolution had higher resolution both in the time and frequency domains. It is favorable for high resolution seismic interpretation and reservoir prediction.

Data processing of small samples based on grey distance information approach

Data processing of small samples is an important and valuable research problem in the electronic equipment test. Because it is difficult and complex to determine the probability distribution of small samples, it is difficult to use the traditional probability theory to process the samples and assess the degree of uncertainty. Using the grey relational theory and the norm theory, the grey distance information approach, which is based on the grey distance information quantity of a sample and the average grey distance information quantity of the samples, is proposed in this article. The definitions of the grey distance information quantity of a sample and the average grey distance information quantity of the samples, with their characteristics and algorithms, are introduced. The correlative problems, including the algorithm of estimated value, the standard deviation, and the acceptance and rejection criteria of the samples and estimated results, are also proposed. Moreover, the information whitening ratio is introduced to select the weight algorithm and to compare the different samples. Several examples are given to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach. The examples show that the proposed approach, which has no demand for the probability distribution of small samples, is feasible and effective.

Construction mechanism of whitenization weight function and its application in grey clustering evaluation

The clustering evaluation can be used to scientifically classify the objects to be evaluated according to the information aggregation of various evaluation rules. In grey weighted clustering evaluation, the index clustering rule relies on the construction of the whitenization weight function, while the existing construction method of the linear function lacks the construction mechanism analysis and validity explanation. A normative construction principle is put forward by analyzing the construction mechanism of the function. Through proving the normative principle of the function,the basic modal function(BMF) is proposed and characterized by different function forms. Then, a new type of the whitenization weight function and its grey clustering evaluation model algorithm are given by studying the mechanism and nature of the construction of different forms of the function. Finally, the comparative study for self-innovation capability of defense science and technology industry(DSTI) is taken as an example. The results show that the different construction ways of the function have an effect on the clustering result. The proposed construction mechanism can better explain the index clustering rules and evaluation effectiveness,which will perfect the theoretical system of grey clustering evaluation and be applied to practice effectively.

Polarimetric whitening filter for POLSAR image based on subspace decomposition

Speckle filtering is an indispensable pre-processing step for applications of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar （POLSAR）, such as terrain classification, target detection, etc. As one of the most typical methods, the polarimetric whitening filter （PWF） can be used to produce a minimum-speckle image by combining the complex elements of the scattering matrix, but polarimetric information is lost after the filtering process. A polarimetric filter based on subspaze decomposition which was proposed by Cu et al specializes in retrieving principle scattering characteristics, but the corresponding mean value of an image after filtering is not kept well. A new filter is proposed for improving the disadvantage based on subspace decomposition. Under the constraint that a weighted combination of the polarimetric SAR images equals to the output of the PWF, the Euclidean distance between an unfiltered parameter vector and a signal space vector is minimized so that noises can be reduced. It is also shown that the proposed method is equivalent to the subspace filter in the case of no constraint. Experimental results with the NASA/JPL airborne polarimetric SAR data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

纸巾纸荧光增白剂可迁移性的快速预判

讨论用荧光白度预判纸巾纸荧光迁移性的方法,当荧光白度大于1.0%时,可以预判为有荧光增白剂迁移;但当荧光白度小于1.0%时,判定需谨慎,需用GB/T 27741的方法来判定其迁移性。

Testa of Rhynchosia nulubilis down-regulates melanin synthesis in UVB-induced guinea pigs epidermal skin tissue

OBJECTIVE Synthetic compounds that are used in the clinic to regulate skin hyperpigmentation,such as arbutin,and kojic acid,are only moderately effective.But their use is limited by side effects.As part of an effort to overcome the limitations,there is a pressing need for developing effective natural product for whitening.Each of black soybean has been reported to produce anti-melanogenic effects.Especially,antioxidant and anti-aging compounds are richer in testa than the rest part of black soybean.Therefore,we hypothesized that testa of Rhynchosia nulubilis(TR)would show more anti-melanogenic effects than whole black soybean.METHODS Anti-melanogenic effect of TR was done by using mouse B16F10 melanoma.The depigmenting efficacy was then observed following topical application of the TR to UVB-stimulated hyperpigmented dorsal skin of guinea pigs.RESULTS Treatment with TR extract resulted a 27.67% decrease in melanogenesis while whole black soybean showed 5.3% decrease at mouse melanoma cell line.Colorimetric analysis showed a significantly lower depigmenting value by day 14 following treatment with TR in UVB-irradiated guinea pigs the dorsal skin,indicating that TR produced a depigmentation effect.By staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin staing and Fontana-Masson stain,we found that the TR-treated group had more effect histopathologically in epidermal melanin production than resveratrol or rice alone-treated group.TR was associated with reduction in the levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF),and downregulation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein(TRP-1)expression,leading to inhibit epidermal melanin production by Western blotting analysis.CONCLUSION This study suggests that the testa of R.nulubilis may be a promising candidate in regulating skin pigmentation with UVB exposure.

Chemical analysis of hydroquinone and retinoic acid contents in facial whitening creams

Hydroquinone is potentially carcinogenic and is known to be a skin and respiratory irritant.Hydroquinone is carcinogenic it has been banned in some countries because of fears of a cancer risk[1,2].Animal studies have shown that topically applied retinoic acid can be photocarcinogenic[3].The aim of this study was qualitative and quantitative determination of hydroquinone and retinoic acid contents in facial whitening creams by colour reaction tests,FT-IR after TLC separation and HPLC.

CALCULATION FOR KERNEL OF INTERVAL GREY NUMBER BASED ON BARYCENTER APPROACH

The kernel of interval grey number is most likely the real number,which can be used to represent whitenization value of interval grey number.A novel method for calculating kernel of interval grey number is constructed based on the geometric barycenter of whitenization weight function in the two-dimensional coordinate plane,and the calculation of kernel is converted to the calculation of barycenter in geometric figures.The method fully considers the effect of all information contained in whitenization weight function on the calculation result of kernel,and is the extension and perfection of the existing methods in the scope of application.

Whitening Effect for Wool Processed by Rare Earth in the Dyeing Processes

The wool which were processed by rare earth in the dyeing processes have soft and loose hair withpure-white tone and silky luster. A few papers concerned with the mechanism of wool dyeing in the presenceof rare earth~[1,2]. However, the distribution of the combining of rare earth ions with wool toward the color andluster of woollen has not been discussed yet. In this paper, the whitening effect of Inner Mongolia goatwoolprocessed by rare earth after coarse wool were pulled out was investigated by electronic spectral ana-lysis. The wool samples including normal and rare earth processed Inner Mongolia goat wool were supplied

Mechanism of Wool Whitening in the Rare Earth Assistant Dyeing Process

The keratins of wool underwent Photooxidation to form a weaker luminophor in visible blue region (λ_(max)=420nm),that reacts with cerium ion to produce an enhanced luminophor complex (λ_(max)=426 nm),it makes wool white obviously.

Natural products in cosmetics

The global cosmetics market reached US$500 billion in 2017 and is expected to exceed US$800 billion by 2023,at around a 7%annual growth rate.The cosmetics industry is emerging as one of the fastest-growing industries of the past decade.Data shows that the Chinese cosmetics market was US$60 billion in 2021.It is expected to be the world’s number one consumer cosmetics market by 2050,with a size of approximately US$450 billion.The influence of social media and the internet has raised awareness of the risks associated with the usage of many chemicals in cosmetics and the health benefits of natural products derived from plants and other natural resources.As a result,the cosmetic industry is now paying more attention to natural products.The present review focus on the possible applications of natural products from various biological sources in skin care cosmetics,including topical care products,fragrances,moisturizers,UV protective,and anti-wrinkle products.In addition,the mechanisms of targets for evaluation of active ingredients in cosmetics and the possible benefits of these bioactive compounds in rejuvenation and health,and their potential role in cosmetics are also discussed.

Entire Whitening of Apple Trees to Increase Chill Units in Regions of Warm Temperatures during the Fall-Winter Seasons

Different studies have shown that global warming and climate change have increased the planet’s temperature in different locations. For the apple-growing farmers, this may have a negative impact on the accumulations of chill units when the air temperature during the fall-winter season increases. When the entire trees are covered with a reflective material, the wood temperature may decrease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of whitening (with calcium hydroxide) the entire apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) after defoliation, on the branches and trunks’ internal temperature (under the bark), the accumulation of chill units (CU), its effects on fruit yield and quality and the relation with the use of thidiazuron (TDZ) (inducer of budbreak). The study was conducted during the fall-winter seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The results of this study showed that at the hours of the highest incidence of solar radiation, the internal temperature of the whitened trunks and leaves decreases up to 9°C and 6°C respectively. The accumulated CU during the time of the study, of the whitened branches were up to 81% higher than the ones recorded on the branches with no whitening;while the CU was lost at the hours of highest solar radiation (due to a high temperature) were up to 37.2% smaller. Entire tree whitening increased up to 26% of the yield per tree compared to the application of TDZ. No statistical difference in fruit quality was observed between whitened trees and those with no whitening but with the application of thidiazuron.