We present numerical modeling of SH-wave propagation for the recently proposed whole Moon model and try to improve our understanding of lunar seismic wave propagation. We use a hybrid PSM/FDM method on staggered grids...We present numerical modeling of SH-wave propagation for the recently proposed whole Moon model and try to improve our understanding of lunar seismic wave propagation. We use a hybrid PSM/FDM method on staggered grids to solve the wave equations and implement the calculation on a parallel PC cluster to improve the computing efficiency. Features of global SH-wave propagation are firstly discussed for a 100-km shallow and900-km deep moonquakes, respectively. Effects of frequency range and lateral variation of crust thickness are then investigated with various models. Our synthetic waveforms are finally compared with observed Apollo data to show the features of wave propagation that were produced by our model and those not reproduced by our models. Our numerical modeling show that the low-velocity upper crust plays significant role in the development of reverberating wave trains. Increasing frequency enhances the strength and duration of the reverberations.Surface multiples dominate wavefields for shallow event.Core–mantle reflections can be clearly identified for deep event at low frequency. The layered whole Moon model and the low-velocity upper crust produce the reverberating wave trains following each phases consistent with observation. However, more realistic Moon model should be considered in order to explain the strong and slow decay scattering between various phases shown on observation data.展开更多
应用生命周期评价法(LCA)对条斑紫菜养殖加工行业进行了全周期的碳足迹分析,明确了各环节中碳排放源的种类和数量。结果表明,100亩条斑紫菜养殖加工过程中碳排放总量为1.25×10^(5)~2.47×10^(5) kg CO_(2),远高于条斑紫菜100...应用生命周期评价法(LCA)对条斑紫菜养殖加工行业进行了全周期的碳足迹分析,明确了各环节中碳排放源的种类和数量。结果表明,100亩条斑紫菜养殖加工过程中碳排放总量为1.25×10^(5)~2.47×10^(5) kg CO_(2),远高于条斑紫菜100亩养殖形成的可移出碳汇量(9.43×10^(3) kg CO_(2))。基于全产业链的分析,条斑紫菜产业尚不是一个碳汇产业。养殖阶段碳排放量最大,排放源主要来自石油化工材料的大量使用。二次加工阶段碳排放量仅次于养殖阶段,排放源主要来自纸壳包装和塑料包装的大量使用。在一次加工阶段,热源的使用是影响该阶段碳排放的主要影响因素,生物质燃料是碳排放量最低的热源形式。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 41374046 and41174034)
文摘We present numerical modeling of SH-wave propagation for the recently proposed whole Moon model and try to improve our understanding of lunar seismic wave propagation. We use a hybrid PSM/FDM method on staggered grids to solve the wave equations and implement the calculation on a parallel PC cluster to improve the computing efficiency. Features of global SH-wave propagation are firstly discussed for a 100-km shallow and900-km deep moonquakes, respectively. Effects of frequency range and lateral variation of crust thickness are then investigated with various models. Our synthetic waveforms are finally compared with observed Apollo data to show the features of wave propagation that were produced by our model and those not reproduced by our models. Our numerical modeling show that the low-velocity upper crust plays significant role in the development of reverberating wave trains. Increasing frequency enhances the strength and duration of the reverberations.Surface multiples dominate wavefields for shallow event.Core–mantle reflections can be clearly identified for deep event at low frequency. The layered whole Moon model and the low-velocity upper crust produce the reverberating wave trains following each phases consistent with observation. However, more realistic Moon model should be considered in order to explain the strong and slow decay scattering between various phases shown on observation data.
文摘应用生命周期评价法(LCA)对条斑紫菜养殖加工行业进行了全周期的碳足迹分析,明确了各环节中碳排放源的种类和数量。结果表明,100亩条斑紫菜养殖加工过程中碳排放总量为1.25×10^(5)~2.47×10^(5) kg CO_(2),远高于条斑紫菜100亩养殖形成的可移出碳汇量(9.43×10^(3) kg CO_(2))。基于全产业链的分析,条斑紫菜产业尚不是一个碳汇产业。养殖阶段碳排放量最大,排放源主要来自石油化工材料的大量使用。二次加工阶段碳排放量仅次于养殖阶段,排放源主要来自纸壳包装和塑料包装的大量使用。在一次加工阶段,热源的使用是影响该阶段碳排放的主要影响因素,生物质燃料是碳排放量最低的热源形式。
