The Smart Grid has three main characteristics, which are to some degree antagonistic. These characteristics are: provision of good power quality, energy cost reduction and improvement in the reliability of the grid. T...The Smart Grid has three main characteristics, which are to some degree antagonistic. These characteristics are: provision of good power quality, energy cost reduction and improvement in the reliability of the grid. The need to ensure that they can be accomplished together demands a much richer ICT monitoring and control network than the current system. In this paper we particularly investigate the design and deployment of the ICT system in the urban environment, specifically in a university campus that is embedded in a city, thus it represents the Neighbourhood Area Network (NAN) level of the Smart Grid. In order to design an ICT infrastructure, we have introduced two related architectures: namely communications network architecture and a software architecture. Having access to the characteristics of a real NAN guides us to choose appropriate communication technologies and identify the actual requirements of the system. To implement these architectures at this level we need to gather and process information from environmental sensors (monitoring e.g. temperature, movement of people and vehicles) that can provide useful information about changes in the loading of the NAN, with information from instrumentation of the Power Grid itself. Energy constraints are one of the major limitations of the communication network in the Smart Grid, especially where wireless networking is proposed. Thus we analyse the most energy efficient method of collecting and sending data. The main contribution of this research is that we propose and implement an energy efficient ICT network and describe our software architecture at the NAN level, currently very underdeveloped. We also discuss our experimental results. To our knowledge, no such architectures have yet been implemented for collecting data which can provide the basis of Decision Support Tools (DSTs).展开更多
Integration of renewable energy sources(RES)with a conventional power system has a detrimental effect on interarea oscillation.Most popular RESs are solar photovoltaic(PV)and wind energy conversion systems(WECS).Both ...Integration of renewable energy sources(RES)with a conventional power system has a detrimental effect on interarea oscillation.Most popular RESs are solar photovoltaic(PV)and wind energy conversion systems(WECS).Both solar PV power generation and WECS are integrated with power systems using a power electronic converter.Increasing the amount of RES generation lead towards reduction of system damping,which leads towards inter-area oscillation.Also,the intermittent behavior of a RES reduces the effectiveness of damping controllers.A dynamic controller based wide area damping controller(WADC)is proposed in this paper to increase small signal stability of a RES integrated power system.The WADC is designed for contemplating delay in a communication channel,communication failure and saturation.An anti-windup compensator is developed to overcome the effect of actuator saturation.However,the gain of the anti-windup compensator is calculated using LyapunovKrasovskii functional(LKF)in terms of linear matrix inequality(LMI).The actuator considered in this paper is a unified power flow controller(UPFC).Efficacy of PV and wind power integration on power system is also observed.The efficacy of the developed dynamic controller is verified using IEEE 39 bus and 68 bus power system.展开更多
The rising number of electronic control units （ECUs） in vehicles and the decreasing time to market have led to the need for advanced methods of calibration. A multi-ECU calibration system was developed based on the ...The rising number of electronic control units （ECUs） in vehicles and the decreasing time to market have led to the need for advanced methods of calibration. A multi-ECU calibration system was developed based on the explicit calibration protocol （XCP） and J1939 communication protocol to satisfy the need of calibrating multiple ECUs simultaneously. The messages in the controller area network （CAN） are defined in the J1939 protocol. Each CAN node can get its own calibration messages and information from other ECUs, and block other messages by qualifying the CAN messages with priority, source or destination address. The data field of the calibration message is designed with the XCP, with CAN acting as the transport layer. The calibration sessions are setup with the event-triggered XCP driver in the master node and the responding XCP driver in the slave nodes. Mirroring calibration variables from ROM to RAM enables the user to calibrate ECUs online. The application example shows that the multi-ECU calibration system can calibrate multiple ECUs simultaneously, and the main program can also accomplish its calculation and send commands to the actuators in time. By the multi-ECU calibration system, the calibration effort and time can be reduced and the variables in ECU can get a better match with the variables of other ECUs.展开更多
In order to ensure that a mobile launch platform is able to transport a launch vehicle which is assembled vertically on a complex orbit,a communication network for the drive control system was designed.Based on the ch...In order to ensure that a mobile launch platform is able to transport a launch vehicle which is assembled vertically on a complex orbit,a communication network for the drive control system was designed.Based on the char-acteristics of equipment of the drive control system and its position,Industrial Ethernet and Profibus were selected.To meet the requirements for reliability and maintainability of aerospace products,the communication network featured a hot redundant to avoid single point failure risk,so that if any point in the system fails,the control strategy of standby switches using heartbeat detection and parity check would ensure the normal communication and failure diagnostics,which could enable the transport mission of the launch vehicle to be completed smoothly.展开更多
针对广域测量系统中的测量数据受到攻击时,快速频率响应(fast frequency response,FFR)控制系统被欺骗而生成错误控制命令进而危害电网安全的问题,该文提出一种面向虚假数据注入攻击的新型FFR网络安全防御控制策略。该策略首先利用连续...针对广域测量系统中的测量数据受到攻击时,快速频率响应(fast frequency response,FFR)控制系统被欺骗而生成错误控制命令进而危害电网安全的问题,该文提出一种面向虚假数据注入攻击的新型FFR网络安全防御控制策略。该策略首先利用连续小波变换对被攻击数据进行时频分析,再提出一种攻击重组卷积神经网络用于虚假数据检测。针对被判别为被攻击的测量值,基于提出的新型网络攻击防御控制,以迅速恢复FFR的误响应量,减少FFR误动作造成的影响;若测量数据正常,则结合FFR快速响应恢复控制策略以恢复FFR响应速率,保持FFR的快速响应特性。基于实测频率数据与PSCAD环境的仿真实验表明,所提出的策略可以迅速检测网络攻击,并实时调节FFR输出,提高系统在网络攻击下的运行稳定性。展开更多
文摘The Smart Grid has three main characteristics, which are to some degree antagonistic. These characteristics are: provision of good power quality, energy cost reduction and improvement in the reliability of the grid. The need to ensure that they can be accomplished together demands a much richer ICT monitoring and control network than the current system. In this paper we particularly investigate the design and deployment of the ICT system in the urban environment, specifically in a university campus that is embedded in a city, thus it represents the Neighbourhood Area Network (NAN) level of the Smart Grid. In order to design an ICT infrastructure, we have introduced two related architectures: namely communications network architecture and a software architecture. Having access to the characteristics of a real NAN guides us to choose appropriate communication technologies and identify the actual requirements of the system. To implement these architectures at this level we need to gather and process information from environmental sensors (monitoring e.g. temperature, movement of people and vehicles) that can provide useful information about changes in the loading of the NAN, with information from instrumentation of the Power Grid itself. Energy constraints are one of the major limitations of the communication network in the Smart Grid, especially where wireless networking is proposed. Thus we analyse the most energy efficient method of collecting and sending data. The main contribution of this research is that we propose and implement an energy efficient ICT network and describe our software architecture at the NAN level, currently very underdeveloped. We also discuss our experimental results. To our knowledge, no such architectures have yet been implemented for collecting data which can provide the basis of Decision Support Tools (DSTs).
文摘Integration of renewable energy sources(RES)with a conventional power system has a detrimental effect on interarea oscillation.Most popular RESs are solar photovoltaic(PV)and wind energy conversion systems(WECS).Both solar PV power generation and WECS are integrated with power systems using a power electronic converter.Increasing the amount of RES generation lead towards reduction of system damping,which leads towards inter-area oscillation.Also,the intermittent behavior of a RES reduces the effectiveness of damping controllers.A dynamic controller based wide area damping controller(WADC)is proposed in this paper to increase small signal stability of a RES integrated power system.The WADC is designed for contemplating delay in a communication channel,communication failure and saturation.An anti-windup compensator is developed to overcome the effect of actuator saturation.However,the gain of the anti-windup compensator is calculated using LyapunovKrasovskii functional(LKF)in terms of linear matrix inequality(LMI).The actuator considered in this paper is a unified power flow controller(UPFC).Efficacy of PV and wind power integration on power system is also observed.The efficacy of the developed dynamic controller is verified using IEEE 39 bus and 68 bus power system.
文摘The rising number of electronic control units （ECUs） in vehicles and the decreasing time to market have led to the need for advanced methods of calibration. A multi-ECU calibration system was developed based on the explicit calibration protocol （XCP） and J1939 communication protocol to satisfy the need of calibrating multiple ECUs simultaneously. The messages in the controller area network （CAN） are defined in the J1939 protocol. Each CAN node can get its own calibration messages and information from other ECUs, and block other messages by qualifying the CAN messages with priority, source or destination address. The data field of the calibration message is designed with the XCP, with CAN acting as the transport layer. The calibration sessions are setup with the event-triggered XCP driver in the master node and the responding XCP driver in the slave nodes. Mirroring calibration variables from ROM to RAM enables the user to calibrate ECUs online. The application example shows that the multi-ECU calibration system can calibrate multiple ECUs simultaneously, and the main program can also accomplish its calculation and send commands to the actuators in time. By the multi-ECU calibration system, the calibration effort and time can be reduced and the variables in ECU can get a better match with the variables of other ECUs.
文摘In order to ensure that a mobile launch platform is able to transport a launch vehicle which is assembled vertically on a complex orbit,a communication network for the drive control system was designed.Based on the char-acteristics of equipment of the drive control system and its position,Industrial Ethernet and Profibus were selected.To meet the requirements for reliability and maintainability of aerospace products,the communication network featured a hot redundant to avoid single point failure risk,so that if any point in the system fails,the control strategy of standby switches using heartbeat detection and parity check would ensure the normal communication and failure diagnostics,which could enable the transport mission of the launch vehicle to be completed smoothly.
文摘针对广域测量系统中的测量数据受到攻击时,快速频率响应(fast frequency response,FFR)控制系统被欺骗而生成错误控制命令进而危害电网安全的问题,该文提出一种面向虚假数据注入攻击的新型FFR网络安全防御控制策略。该策略首先利用连续小波变换对被攻击数据进行时频分析,再提出一种攻击重组卷积神经网络用于虚假数据检测。针对被判别为被攻击的测量值,基于提出的新型网络攻击防御控制,以迅速恢复FFR的误响应量,减少FFR误动作造成的影响;若测量数据正常,则结合FFR快速响应恢复控制策略以恢复FFR响应速率,保持FFR的快速响应特性。基于实测频率数据与PSCAD环境的仿真实验表明,所提出的策略可以迅速检测网络攻击,并实时调节FFR输出,提高系统在网络攻击下的运行稳定性。
