Method of Predicting Water Content in Crude Oil Based on Measuring Range Automatic Switching

Water content in output crude oil is hard to measure precisely because of wide range of dielectric coefficient of crude oil caused by injected dehydrating and demulsifying agents.The method to reduce measurement error of water content in crude oil proposed in this paper is based on switching measuring ranges of on-line water content analyzer automatically.Measuring precision on data collected from oil field and analyzed by in-field operators can be impressively improved by using back propogation （BP） neural network to predict water content in output crude oil.Application results show that the difficulty in accurately measuring water-oil content ratio can be solved effectively through this combination of on-line measuring range automatic switching and real time prediction,as this method has been tested repeatedly on-site in oil fields with satisfactory prediction results.

A novel wide-range precision instrument for measuring three-dimensional surface topography

We developed a measuring instrument that had wide range, high precision, small measuring touch force. The instrument for three-dimensional (3D) surface topography measurement was composed of a high precision displacement sensor based on the Michelson interference principle, a 3D platform based on vertical scanning, a measuring and control circuit, and an industrial control computer. It was a closed loop control system, which changed the traditional moving stylus scanning style into a moving platform scanning style. When the workpiece was measured, the lever of the displacement sensor returned to the balanced position in every sample interval according to the zero offset of the displacement sensor. The non-linear error caused by the rotation of the lever was, therefore, very small even if the measuring range was wide. The instrument can measure the roughness and the profile size of a curved surface.

STUDY ON THE SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE WITH WIDE MEASURING RANGE

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Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

Recent Development of Dielectric Elastomer Transducers and Potential Applications

Power generation using dielectric elastomer transducers is cheap, light, stackable, easy to install, and highly efficient. Also, since the dielectric elastomer transducer is an actuator developed into an artificial muscle, if the DE motor is further developed, it might be possibly be able to drive a vehicle. Efficient robot driving, various industrial machines and the use of dielectric elastomer sensors to optimize the driving may also help solve the above problems from the perspective of eco-driving. This paper describes the latest level of development of dielectric elastomers, their main problems and solutions to these problems, and their potential applications. The possibilities and concrete plans for building local global smart cities (including local generation power for local consumption), efficient transportation, and environmental monitoring systems utilizing dielectric elastomers are also discussed.

化学发光法超高值样本自动稀释检测的质量风险分析与防控策略

目的探讨化学发光法检测系统中超高值样本自动稀释检测的质量风险,并提出相应的防控策略,以期为临床实验室的质量改进提供科学依据。方法本研究以1例β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-human chorionic gonadotropin,β-hCG)超高值样本化学发光法检测结果假性降低为例,通过事件调查、结果分析和实验验证等方法,分析导致检测结果假性降低的原因,识别出超高值样本自动稀释检测的质量风险,并提出相应的防控策略。结果经调查,检测系统更换新批号试剂后,共有34份超高值样本的β-hCG检测结果出现假性降低,与试剂校准生成的工作曲线异常有关。重新校准后,超高值样本复测结果显著升高(t=6.465,P<0.001),与临床反馈相符,且校准后未自动稀释时复测结果的相对发光单位(RLUs)值与第一次检测时的RLUs值差异无统计学意义(t=0.577,P=0.566),验证了原工作曲线异常是导致检测结果假性降低的主要原因。此外,在室内质控在控、试剂间新鲜患者样本比对通过的情况下,仍发生了该不良事件,表明临床实验室现有质量控制程序在监测超高值样本检测稳定性方面存在不足。结论临床实验室应加强对超高值样本自动稀释检测的质量控制,通过优化校准流程、自制超高值质控品、加强仪器间和试剂批号间比对等措施,提高检测结果的准确性和可靠性,降低患者安全风险。

高速铁路牵引变电所智能化建设方案研究

智能牵引变电所是智能牵引供电系统的核心,由智能化一次系统、广域保护测控系统和智能辅助系统构成。为提高目前在建高铁牵引供电系统智能化水平,探讨并提出了针对其牵引变电所的智能化改造方案。

650 MW混流式水轮机转轮应力测试研究

频繁启停、低负荷运行等不利工况给混流式水轮机的安全稳定运行带来了直接的威胁,由此长期积累的疲劳损害和裂纹影响了转轮寿命。本文介绍了应力测试的基本原理,讨论了应力现场测试在测点和设备布置方面的关键点,并在一台650 MW混流式水轮机上开展了转轮叶片的应力测试及研究。测试结果表明,叶片在开机过程中承受了很大的动应力,极易导致裂纹的产生。在不同负荷范围内,水轮机的水力稳定性与叶片应力水平及特征密切相关,是制约混流式水轮机安全运行范围的重要因素之一。为保证水轮机的安全运行和长期服役,需优化现有的开机过程,并尽量使水轮机在当前水头对应的最优负荷区运行,降低转轮应力以保证运行安全。

宽基线立体视觉远距离目标位姿测量

立体视觉测量作为被动探测技术的一种,广泛应用于位姿测量领域。针对传统立体视觉在远距离环境下目标位姿测量受限的问题,提出一种宽基线立体视觉远距离目标位姿测量方法。基于三点定面测量原理,构建位姿测量数学模型,采用相机参数解耦策略,对测量系统所需参数进行标定。设计远距离场景下易于识别的合作目标,利用两台相机对目标进行成像,通过计算合作目标中心点的三维空间坐标,完成远距离环境下目标位姿的解算。实验结果表明,在75~85 m距离下,该方法对目标间相对位姿测量精度优于0.5%,X和Y方向均方根误差优于7.3 mm,Z方向均方根误差优于22.6 mm,可有效适用于远距离下的目标位姿测量应用。

用于智能量测开关的超宽输入DC-DC模块研究

为了解决智能量测开关内部自取电电流互感器输出电压变化大的问题,需要在后级级联具有超宽输入电压范围的DC-DC模块来产生稳定的系统供电电压。研究了一种基于恒定开通时间控制和断续模式非同步Buck电路的超宽输入DC-DC模块。根据输入电压和输出电压的差距大小,采用变频和准定频分段控制方式。实现大压差功率变换的同时,该DC-DC模块还具有极快的动态响应。利用PSIM软件对DC-DC模块电路的特性进行仿真分析和验证。研制了一台功率为5 W的硬件样机进行测试,给出了部分关键实验波形。实验结果表明,该DC-DC模块具有输入范围超宽、动态响应极快和稳定性高的特点。

量程自适应高精度桥丝电阻测试仪的设计

为了实现武器系统综合测试过程中火工品桥丝电阻测量和绝缘情况检查的高精度测量、量程自适应和自动化测试等目的,通过对火工品桥丝电阻测试仪测量应用场景、总体架构和硬件软件设计需求进行了研究,量程自适应高精度桥丝电阻测试仪采用多选一开关矩阵实现不同测量通道切换的技术和在恒压源和恒流源接入测量电路前进行自动检测的安全性保障技术,实现了一种兼容2线制与4线制电阻测量的量程自适应的创新,经过实验测试桥丝电阻测试仪可实现小电阻测量误差绝对值小于0.5%,大电阻测量误差绝对值小于1%,可实现对火工品桥丝电阻测量的量程自适应和自动化测试,经实际应用量程自适应高精度桥丝电阻测试仪满足火工品桥丝电阻测量和绝缘情况检查的测试需求。

Wide measurement range and high sensitivity spongy MWCNT/polydimethylsiloxane pressure sensor based on a single-electrode enhanced triboelectric nanogenerator

Flexible pressure sensors have broad application prospects,such as human motion monitoring and personalized recognition.However,their applicability is limited by complex structures,low output performance,low sensitivity,and narrow measurement range.In this study,we report a single-electrode spongy triboelectric sensor(SSTS)mainly composed of spongy composite multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane(MWCNT/PDMS)film and conductive fabric,which can simultaneously generate contact electrification and electrostatic induction coupling in a single-electrode contact-separation mode.The SSTS combines the triboelectric effect,properties of doping material,and spongy porous structure(soft sugar as a sacrificial template).An SSTS with an MWCNT content of 10 wt%and a porosity of 64%exhibits high sensitivity,a wide measurement range,and excellent linearity.It also displays two sensitivity regions(slopes):1.324 V/kPa from 1.5 to 28 kPa in the low-pressure range and 0.096 V/kPa from 28 to 316.5 kPa in the high-pressure range,with linearities of 0.980 and 0.979,respectively.Furthermore,the SSTS delivers a high-performance output and high stability,thus enhancing the monitoring of hand pressure changes,human movement,personalized spatial recognition,and other detection tasks.This new strategy for human motion monitoring shows great potential in the healthcare fields,sports rehabilitation,and human-computer interactions.

动态下红外热释电传感器的目标定位方法

为了提高热释电传感器的探测灵敏度,拓宽其传统使用范围,提出了一种动态下热释电传感器发现人体目标并测向测距的新型使用方法。该方法大大扩展了热释电传感器的探测范围,根据波形能准确判定目标的方向,利用经验值推断出人体的目标距离。该系统采用热释电红外传感器作为探测器,创新运用红外透镜代替传统用法中的菲涅耳透镜,在步进电机的匀速带动下,单片机记录测量区域的原始红外波形(在环境基本不变且没有目标进入的情况下,波形具有一定规律且基本保持不变);目标进入测量区域内时将引起原始规律变化,单片机利用帧间差分法求出变化的波形,判断目标有无及方向、距离等结果。与热释电传感器的传统使用方法相比,该方法具有反应迅速、探测灵敏、探测范围大、可测向测距等新特点,大大拓宽了热释电传感器的使用范围,进一步提升了其在安防和智能家居系统中的应用。

基于巨磁阻效应的高性能电流传感器及其在智能电网的量测应用

智能电网需要先进传感测量技术的支持。为此,针对智能电网中的电流测量需求,介绍了基于巨磁阻效应的高性能电流传感器,包括传感器系统结构、磁环、巨磁阻传感芯片、信号处理电路等的设计,以及对温度稳定性、电磁兼容性的设计。实验结果表明,所设计的基于巨磁阻效应的高性能电流传感器在对电网中暂态电流、直流电流、泄漏电流、电晕电流的测量中表现出良好的性能,实现了对带宽直流到10 MHz、幅值1 m A至1.6 k A的电流的精确测量。相比其他电流测量装置,基于巨磁阻效应的高性能电流传感器具有体积小、灵敏度高、成本低、测量范围大、可集成度高等综合优势,适应了智能电网的测量需求。最后,提出了后续研究方向。

国内河工模型地形测量方法研究综述

通过对国内河工模型地形测量方法的回顾,系统地介绍激光技术、超声波技术、光学技术、计算机技术以及图像处理技术等先进技术在河工模型地形测量中的应用及发展,详细介绍光电反射式地形仪、电阻式地形仪、跟踪式地形仪、超声地形仪、激光扫描仪等仪器及近景摄影测量技术的优点及存在的问题,指出结合各种测量技术的优点实现河工模型地形的大范围非接触测量将是今后的研究方向。

动液面远程自动连续测量装置实现

为实现油井动液面的自动连续测量,设计了一套液面远程自动测量装置.装置根据回声测距原理实现动液面深度测量,测量声源则是根据大气压差原理,利用电控式气爆方式产生,和传统人工测量所用声源相比,具有经济、体积小、安全可靠、测量时无需人工干预、能够自动连续测量等优点.利用SIM300DZ无线模块完成远程控制,实现了数据远程收发、监测、控制,智能化程度高,达到了油井动液面自动连续测量的目的,降低了传统人工测试所需劳动成本,具有很高的经济效益.

CCD成像型宽量程亮度计系统研究

介绍了一种新颖的亮度测量装置。采用具有电荷累积功能的面阵ＣＣＤ器件，电荷累积与数字累积相结合的方法，提出了可获得更大范围量程的ＣＣＤ成像型亮度计系统。讨论了系统的基本原理、技术指标、所采用的技术方案以及系统实现的技术途径。该系统的建立，可实现图像、测试框、亮度值、设定参数的同屏显示及宽量程测量等多种功能。

一种大量程SOI压阻式压力传感器（英文）

对传统的SOI压阻式压力传感器进行了结构优化。目的是提高灵敏度,以满足在高温环境下大量程压力测量的实际需求。通过力学性能模拟,采用浅凸台结构来提高灵敏度和测量范围。分析并模拟了凸台厚度和形状对灵敏度的影响。得到了适合高温工作的掺杂浓度,压敏电阻的尺寸,金属引线的材料和布局。电阻放置在(σl-σt)最大的区域以保持灵敏度和线性度。采用U形电阻补偿在浅凸台制作过程中的工艺偏差对灵敏度的影响。有限元分析(FEA)表明,优化后的芯片结构可以测量10 MPa范围内的压力,灵敏度高达86.6 m V/(V·MPa),非线性误差在0.1%以下。和其他文献报道的大量程压力传感器相比,浅凸台芯片结构灵敏度和过载能力优异。

基于Bang-Bang控制的宽量程电流互感器

当一次工作电流大范围变化时,电流互感器的测量误差也将发生较大变化。该文在分析造成互感器误差变化原因的基础上提出采用双级互感器的手段,通过Bang-Bang控制对互感器的误差曲线进行平滑改造。该方法利用Bang—Bang控制的快速响应特性,可以有效提高互感器的测量准确度,拓宽互感器的量程。实验证明,一次电流从额定值的2％变化到120％,该电流互感器的测量误差不超过一次电流额定值100％时准确度为0.1级的测量标准。

宽压开关电源的三电平变换器建模及控制

针对煤矿井下特殊环境对开关电源的一些要求,提出了一种基于三电平变换器的宽范围开关电源设计方案。重点阐述了三电平变换器的工作原理,基于状态空间平均法建立了变换器的交流小信号模型,推导出了相应的交流小信号传递函数,并根据该传递函数建立了闭环控制系统,设计了无源超前补偿网络,最后建立了系统仿真模型。仿真结果表明：当输入电压为95~825V,负载变化的情况下,变换器的输出电压能够较好地稳定在期望值上。