Anomaly-Resistant Decentralized State Estimation Under Minimum Error Entropy With Fiducial Points for Wide-Area Power Systems

This paper investigates the anomaly-resistant decentralized state estimation(SE) problem for a class of wide-area power systems which are divided into several non-overlapping areas connected through transmission lines. Two classes of measurements(i.e., local measurements and edge measurements) are obtained, respectively, from the individual area and the transmission lines. A decentralized state estimator, whose performance is resistant against measurement with anomalies, is designed based on the minimum error entropy with fiducial points(MEEF) criterion. Specifically, 1) An augmented model, which incorporates the local prediction and local measurement, is developed by resorting to the unscented transformation approach and the statistical linearization approach;2) Using the augmented model, an MEEF-based cost function is designed that reflects the local prediction errors of the state and the measurement;and 3) The local estimate is first obtained by minimizing the MEEF-based cost function through a fixed-point iteration and then updated by using the edge measuring information. Finally, simulation experiments with three scenarios are carried out on the IEEE 14-bus system to illustrate the validity of the proposed anomaly-resistant decentralized SE scheme.

Power supply arm protection scheme of high-speed railway based on wide-area current differential

When fault occurs on cross-coupling autotransformer(AT)power supply traction network,the up-line and down-line feeder circuit breakers in the traction substation trip at the same time without selectivity,which leads to an extended power failure.Based on equivalent circuit and Kirchhoff’s current law,the feeder current characteristic in the substation,AT station and sectioning post when T-R fault,F-R fault,and T-F fault occur are analyzed and their expressions are obtained.When the traction power supply system is equipped with wide-area protection measurement and control system,the feeder protection device in each station collects the feeder currents in other two stations through the wide-area protection channel and a wide-area current differential protection scheme based on the feeder current characteristic is proposed.When a short-circuit fault occurs in the power supply arm,all the feeder protection devices in each station receive the feeder currents with time stamp in other two stations.After data synchronous processing and logic judgment,the fault line of the power supply arm can be identified and isolated quickly.The simulation result based on MATLAB/Simulink shows that the power supply arm protection scheme based on wide-area current differential has good fault discrimination ability under different fault positions,transition resistances,and fault types.The verification of measured data shows that the novel protection scheme will not be affected by the special working conditions of the electrical multiple unit(EMU),and reliability,selectivity,and rapidity of relay protection are all improved.

MEC-Empowered Non-Terrestrial Network for 6G Wide-Area Time-Sensitive Internet of Things

In the upcoming sixth-generation(6G)era,the demand for constructing a wide-area time-sensitive Internet of Things(IoT)continues to increase.As conventional cellular technologies are difficult to directly use for wide-area time-sensitive IoT,it is beneficial to use non-terrestrial infrastructures,including satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Thus,we can build a non-terrestrial network(NTN)using a cell-free architecture.Driven by the time-sensitive requirements and uneven distribution of IoT devices,the NTN must be empowered using mobile edge computing(MEC)while providing oasisoriented on-demand coverage for devices.Nevertheless,communication and MEC systems are coupled with each other under the influence of a complex propagation environment in the MEC-empowered NTN,which makes it difficult to coordinate the resources.In this study,we propose a process-oriented framework to design communication and MEC systems in a time-division manner.In this framework,large-scale channel state information(CSI)is used to characterize the complex propagation environment at an affordable cost,where a nonconvex latency minimization problem is formulated.Subsequently,the approximated problem is provided,and it can be decomposed into sub-problems.These sub-problems are then solved iteratively.The simulation results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed process-oriented scheme over other algorithms,implied that the payload deployments of UAVs should be appropriately predesigned to improve the efficiency of using resources,and confirmed that it is advantageous to integrate NTN with MEC for wide-area time-sensitive IoT.

Positioning with Wide-Area GNSS Networks: Concept and Application

The use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for positioning has revolutionized the way location data is be- ing collected. The NAVigation System with Time And Ranging Global Positioning System (GPS), which is a principal component of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS);is a satellite-based radio navigation system that provides positions of points of interest and time information to users. GPS positional accuracy can be improved by using differential corrections obtained through a technique called Differential GPS (DGPS), which is known to provide the most accurate positioning results. Differential correction can be applied in real time at the data collection phase or in the of- fice, at the post-processing phase. DGPS is generally used for positioning purposes through static or kinematics GPS surveys. In static GPS surveys, one receiver is placed at a point whose coordinates are known and the other receiver is placed over a point whose coordinates are desired. In kinematic surveys, one receiver remains at one point (base station) normally with known coordinates, and the other receiver (rover) moves from point to point in the project area. Kinematic surveys in which points positions are computed on-the-fly (OTF) are known as real-time kinematic (RTK). RTK surveys provide real-time locations of points of interest needed in many applications. Positioning with wide-area GNSS networks is basically based on the DGPS and RTK concepts. Observables from a network of a finite number of GPS receivers over an area are processed by a server at a central location (network server) and made available to the users of the network later or in real-time through radio-based, satellite, or wireless communications. This article provides a review of the concept and application of positioning with wide-area GNSS networks.

Smart Grid Wide-Area Transmission System Visualization

The installation of vast quantities of additional new sensing and communication equipment, in conjunction with building the computing infrastructure to store and manage data gathered by this equipment, has been the fi rst step in the creation of what is generically referred to as the "smart grid" for the electric transmission system. With this enormous capital investment in equipment having been made, attention is now focused on developing methods to analyze and visualize this large data set. The most direct use of this large set of new data will be in data visualization. This paper presents a survey of some visualization techniques that have been deployed by the electric power industry for visualizing data over the past several years. These techniques include pie charts, animation, contouring, time-varying graphs, geographic-based displays, image blending, and data aggregation techniques. The paper then emphasizes a newer concept of using word-sized graphics called sparklines as an extremely eff ective method of showing large amounts of timevarying data.

Delay-dependent Wide-area Damping Controller Synthesis Approach Using Jensen’s Inequality and Evolution Algorithm

A time-delay-dependent wide-area damping controller synthesis approach,based on Jensen’s integral inequality and evolution algorithm,is developed to suppress the adverse effect of time delay on the supplemental control of high-voltage direct current(DC)transmission systems.Initially,the state-space model of hybrid AC/DC systems with time delay is derived and the delay-dependent criteria for the stability of the closed-loop system are provided based on Jensen’s integral inequality.Subsequently,initial solutions are randomly generated to overcome the difficulty of solving the nonlinear matrix inequality.Finally,the time-delay stability upper bound of the controller is optimized using the differential evolution algorithm.In comparison to popular time-delay stable controller design methods,such as the free-weighting-matrix approach,the proposed method based on output feedback realization requires fewer decision variables and is more suitable for large-scale hybrid AC/DC systems.Three examples are introduced to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Dynamic user-centric multi-dimensional resource allocation for a wide-area coverage signaling cell based on DQN

The rapid development of communications industry has spawned more new services and applications.The sixth-generation wireless communication system(6G)network is faced with more stringent and diverse requirements.While ensuring performance requirements,such as high data rate and low latency,the problem of high energy consumption in the fifth-generation wireless communication system(5G)network has also become one of the problems to be solved in 6G.The wide-area coverage signaling cell technology conforms to the future development trend of radio access networks,and has the advantages of reducing network energy consumption and improving resource utilization.In wide-area coverage signaling cells,on-demand multi-dimensional resource allocation is an important technical means to ensure the ultimate performance requirements of users,and its effect will affect the efficiency of network resource utilization.This paper constructs a user-centric dynamic allocation model of wireless resources,and proposes a deep Q-network based dynamic resource allocation algorithm.The algorithm can realize dynamic and flexible admission control and multi-dimensional resource allocation in wide-area coverage signaling cells according to the data rate and latency demands of users.According to the simulation results,the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the average user experience on a long time scale,and ensure network users a high data rate and low energy consumption.

Practical Implementation and Operational Experience of Dynamic Mode Decomposition in Wide-area Monitoring Systems of Italian Power System

This study presents the assumptions and strategies for the practical implementation of the dynamic mode decomposition approach in the wide-area monitoring system of the Italian transmission system operator,Terna.The procedure setup aims to detect poorly damped interarea oscillations of power systems.Dynamic mode decomposition is a data-driven technique that has gained increasing attention in different fields;the proposed implementation can both characterize the oscillatory modes and identify the most influenced areas.This study presents the results of its practical implementation and operational experience in power system monitoring.It focuses on the main characteristics and solutions identified to reliably monitor the interarea electromechanical modes of the interconnected European power system.Moreover,conditions to issue an appropriate alarm in case of critical operating conditions are described.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by its application in three case studies:a critical oscillatory event and a short-circuit event that occurred in the Italian power system in the previous years,and a 15-min time interval of normal grid operation recorded in March 2021.

Sequential design and global optimization of local power system stabilizer and wide-area HVDC stabilizing controller

A sequential design and global optimization method is proposed to coordinately design local and widearea controllers to enhance the overall stability of largescale power system.The sequential design is used to assign the distributed local power system stabilizer (LPSS) and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) wide-area stabilizing controller (HVDC-WASC) to the concerned damping modes.The global optimization is used to simultaneously optimize all the overall control gains of LPSSs and HVDCWASC.Moreover,the optimization model,which has an adaptive ability of searching and updating dominant oscillation modes,is established.Both the linear analysis and nonlinear simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed design method in enhancing the stability of large-scale power systems.

基于广域信息分析的智能配电网故障自愈技术研究

针对传统电网接地故障检测和自愈方法存在识别速度慢且精确度较低的问题,文中结合信号广域信息提出了一种配电网故障自愈方法。该方法构建了单相接地故障模型,并将零序电流作为分析的对象。将零序电流信号分解为时域、频域以及小波域分量来作为广域特征向量,并采用随机森林算法对其权重进行分类,利用LightGBM算法对分类后的广域特征向量加以训练,进而得到故障预测结果。在仿真测试中,所提算法能够抵抗过渡电阻与初始相位角变化对预测结果的影响,且其故障分析准确率的平均值为98.9%,在对比算法中为最优,表明该算法可为配电网故障自愈提供有效的技术支撑。

基于广域信息处理的配电网故障隔离技术研究

针对分布式电源并入配电网后,传统算法进行故障检测时存在定位准确度偏低、反应速度较慢的问题,文中基于广域信息处理技术提出了一种配电网故障隔离方法。该方法采用模态分解算法将故障复杂信号分解为多种类基础小信号,使用支持向量机对这些小信号进行数据分类。但由于传统支持向量机的收敛速度较慢,因此通过引入粒子群算法对其参数加以优化,从而提升模型的运算速度。实验结果表明,在加入分布式电源的电网中,所提算法的故障定位准确率为96.7%,平均运行时间则为43.9 s,且这两项参数在对比算法中均为最优。由此证明,该算法可应用于实际工程中,为配电网故障隔离提供技术支撑。

面向智能电网广域通信的可靠路由算法研究

无线传感器网络是智能电网广域通信中的基础组成单元,传统的无线传感器网络分簇路由协议虽能在一定程度上简化网络拓扑,但仍存在簇首选择不合理且系统能耗较高的问题。针对此,文中基于粒子群优化算法提出了一种改进的分簇路由协议。该协议利用粒子群算法的参数寻优特性对簇首搜寻方案加以改进,使得新方案考虑了距离、剩余能量、数据传输精度等多种因素。同时还使用粒子群自适应函数对该方案进行优化,从而提高了原算法的可靠性。在能耗实验测试中,所提算法迭代1 300次后的剩余能耗为31.2 J,在对比算法中为最优。而对路由路径的测试中,改进算法的平均运行时延为1.79 ms,平均误码率为0.212 5,在所有算法中均为最低,证明了该算法具有良好的实时性和可靠性。

基于广域测量的汽轮发电机励磁反步控制方法

由于汽轮发电机励磁反步控制过程中没有实时获取发电机的运行数据,致使电机励磁反步控制效果较差,为此提出基于广域测量的汽轮发电机励磁反步控制方法。通过广域测量系统的同步相量测量单元,实时采集汽轮发电机功角与电流等运行数据,将采集的运行数据变更成标幺值形式,根据该形式建立汽轮发电机励磁控制的数学模型,获取励磁反步控制变量,并结合反步法,设计汽轮发电机励磁反步控制器,通过径向基函数神经网络估计控制器内的扰动,完成控制器扰动补偿。实验结果表明:该方法可精准采集汽轮发电机运行参数,有效反步控制汽轮发电机励磁,令汽轮发电机功角与转子角速度等迅速恢复至稳定状态,具备较优的反步控制效果;应用该方法后,可确保电网运行稳定性,降低故障后电网切机量。

广域网环境中舰船通信网络信息安全传输方法

为满足舰船在广域网环境的安全通信需求,提出广域网环境中舰船通信网络信息安全传输方法。基于云计算技术构建具备信息调度的舰船通信网络信息安全传输模型,并针对舰船通信广域网环境存在的来自不同方向的通信干扰源、信号衰减和噪声干扰,结合噪声消除算法进行舰船通信网络信息传输抗干扰设计,降低外界干扰影响;针对舰船通信广域网环境中实时信息在传输过程中面临的攻击、窃听、截取等多种安全威胁,采用双混沌互反馈加密方法完成舰船通信网络传输信息加密,保障信息在广域网环境下安全传输。实验结果表明,该方法可显著提升舰船通信速率,在不同干扰类型下均表现出良好的抗干扰性能;加密后信息可成功掩盖原始数据分布特征,保障传输信息安全性。

基于边缘计算的智慧物联网农业病虫识别系统设计与实现

【目的】传统云计算存在实时性不够、带宽不足、能耗较大、不利于数据安全与隐私等问题,应用边缘计算能有效解决上述问题。【方法】通过基于边缘计算的智慧物联网农业病虫识别系统的开发与应用,测试目标应用的数字化、集成化、信息化、可视化和智能化,减少云计算的计算压力。【结果】智慧物联网农业病虫识别系统能实现节点或网关离线后自动重新登录的功能、系统数据采集与上报功能、服务器数据显示功能,从而减轻云计算中心的计算负担。【结论】研究结果将为使用边缘计算的系统提供有力的支撑,能保证整个系统的智能性、可靠性、安全性和经济性,并提高了计算能力和社会生产效率,为大规模推广边缘计算奠定了基础。

Unified Residue Method for Design of Compact Wide-area Damping Controller Based on Power System Stabilizer

A wide-area damping controller(WADC)is effective in damping inter-area low-frequency oscillation(LFO),if the time delay in a wide-area control loop can be properly handled.In order to simplify the WADC design and enlarge the delay adaptation range,the classic power system stabilizer(PSS)is adopted,and a new unified residue(UR)method is proposed for compact WADC design.The strategy of control loop selection is also improved by modifying the relative residue index based on a few dominant oscillation modes.The designed PSSbased compact WADC is as simple as classic PSS with no more than two lead-lag phase compensation units.Case studies are carried out on an IEEE 16-machine 68-bus power system.Simulation results demonstrate that the control loop selection before the WADC design is necessary and that the proposed selection strategy can easily pick out the suitable candidate control loops.In addition,it is feasible for the UR method to design WADCs with different time delays in the selected control loops.All the designed WADCs are effective in damping inter-area LFO and robust to time delay variations under operation conditions.Comparisons among five design methods for PSS-based WADC show that the proposed UR method is superior in delay adaptation,the conciseness of WADC structure and computation speed of parameters.

小型无人机载横滚-俯仰结构光电载荷前向对地扫描技术研究

针对小型无人机平台光电载荷的挂载方式以及应用需求,提出了基于横滚-俯仰结构光电载荷实现前向对地宽区域扫描的技术方案。构建了扫描状态数学模型,提出了光电载荷依据平台参数实现扫描幅宽最大化的控制参数寻优方法,通过算例数据分析了寻优方法的合理性,并测试了寻优方法的实时性特点;采用仿真方法和挂飞方法测试了光电载荷前向对地宽区域扫描的技术状态。测试结果表明:扫描控制参数寻优方法得到的参数是最优的,在目标嵌入式平台上运行耗时少于40 ms,具备在线实时优化能力;所提扫描方法在一定平台扰动下仍可以较好地实现前向对地连续覆盖,扫描中视场重叠率是动态变化的,越靠近扫描边缘区域相邻视场的重叠范围越小;扫描范围应选取横向两端扫描控制点间所夹区域,避免扫描边缘区域因重叠率过小而产生漏扫现象。

多断面多通道互联电网广域失步解列控制系统设计及实施

总结分析了多断面多通道区域互联电网失步振荡时可能存在的多断面失步存在选择性、同一断面不同通道失步不同时以及同一断面上部分通道失步特性不明显等特性,针对现有就地失步解列方案不适应上述特性的问题,采用基于就地装置动作允许命令,利用远方通信构建的广域失步解列系统方法,根据考虑解决现有就地失步解列方案问题、与现有就地失步解列功能的配合、系统防误设计以及异常情况下控制策略处理逻辑等主要设计原则,设计并实施了南方电网广域失步解列控制系统。RTDS仿真试验结果表明,该系统能够正确响应,有选择、快速、可靠地采取既定措施同时解列相关断面,有效解决现有就地失步解列方案的局限性,满足实际系统运行需要。

基于自适应时间窗的数据-模型融合驱动暂态频率预测

新能源大规模并网使得新型电力系统的暂态频率响应特征更加复杂,现有频率在线预测方法难以兼顾准确性和及时性。基于此,提出基于自适应时间窗的数据-模型融合驱动暂态频率预测方法。首先,基于长短期记忆网络,离线训练多个具有不同长度时序数据输入的频率曲线循环预测模型;其次,利用参数辨识方法离线建立各发电集群的通用等值频率响应模型,在此基础上构建系统有功-频率物理机理快速分析模型;最后,串行融合前述频率曲线循环预测模型与有功-频率物理机理快速分析模型,并提出“可信度量化评估指标”,实时分析在线预测过程中不同评估时刻下预测结果的精度,自适应调整输入时序数据长度,直至预测结果满足要求并输出。含风电的IEEE39节点系统的仿真结果表明,所提方法在不同风电渗透率或不同扰动下均能快速、准确地预测暂态频率响应曲线,相较于其他在线预测方法具有更优的评估性能。

基于振动-电流广域特征与软共享机制的断路器多故障诊断

万能式断路器机械结构复杂,其产生的故障具有多源性,对多源故障进行失效溯源分析是十分必要的。然而,传统的多任务诊断方法不能很好地处理任务间存在的干扰问题,导致故障识别率降低。针对此问题,提出一种基于振动-电流广域特征与软共享机制的多故障诊断方法。首先利用TKEO与DTM,实现分合闸振动信号片段的精准分割,在此基础上分别融合触头动作关联振动信号和附件电流信号的广域特征信息合成彩色图像样本以丰富故障表征信息。然后基于多任务学习的软共享机制构建多故障诊断模型,并通过自适应加权方法来自动的调整两个任务损失函数的权重比例,消除了任务间的相互干扰,进而提高了故障诊断的性能。最后分别从合闸和分闸两个过程进行实例分析,结果表明本文所提方法在两个任务的分类准确率分别达到了99.78%和99.85%,可以有效地实现万能式断路器多故障诊断。