EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FRETTING WEAR OF TITANIUM ALLOY BEFORE AND AFTER LASER BEAM QUENCHING

The effects of amplitudes, normal loads and laser beam quenching on the fretting wear of titanium alloy (TC11) were experimentally investigated on SRV fretting wear test machine in air, at room temperature and without lubrication conditions. The purpose of this study is to learn the rules of fretting wear in a disk blades dovetail joint of an aircraft turbine so the test parameters are determined based on the relative movement and load in the joint. The wear depths are measured by a profilometer, the worn areas are observed and measured by an optical microscopy, and the microtopography of the worn scar is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) .The tests and observations state clearly that fretting wear rate (FWR) is heavily influenced by sliding amplitude(SA) and load. In this experiment, if SA is greater than 60 μm at Hertz contact stress 105 MPa, the FWR is much higher, and the SEM makes it known that the wear mechanism is the combination of adhesive and contact fatigue in the above test conditions. In contrast, if SA smaller, the FWR lower too, and the SEM suggests that the major wear mechanism is contact fatigue. The experiments also reveal that the laser beam quenching greatly improve the fretting wear resistance of titanium alloy, especially at heavy load and large amplitude.

Finite Differential Method Simulation on Temperature Field in Process of Laser Quenching

Laser Quenching is one of main contents in laser heat treatment. At present, computer simulation on cooling course of laser quenching is the main research field and the foundation of calculating inner thermal stresses in object. It also provides theoretical basis for optimizing and controlling the course of laser quenching technology. In this paper, the difference between finite element method and finite differential method, which are two methods to calculate the laser quenching temperature field and calculation precision are studied. The unstable temperature field is solved and the configure and time are discretizcd simultaneously. About time discrete, two kinds of differential pattern are discussed. Compared the calculation results with measurement values, it shows that the differential method adopting in the paper is feasible and the calculation precision and calculation velocity can be increased to use variable step-size about time. Also, the result testifies that different calculation methods can be employed in case of variable application situation and calculation precision.

Computer Prediction on Stress Distribution During Laser Quenching

In practice of industry, the problems coupled by thermal and stress can be usually met. Laser quenching process is one of them, in which the phase transformation must be considered. Setting up a system of proper mathematical models and numerical analysis is important to discuss the course quantitatively. In our research, based on laser quenching temperature control equation, applying thermal elastoplastic constitute equation coupled with phase transformation, the stress distribution of laser quenching has been calculated. Using the material parameters, which are varied with temperature, the transient stresses and residual stresses of laser quenching of 45" steel semi-infinite plate has been predicted, the data coincide the experimental.

Laser Quenching and Ion Sulphidizing Complex Surface Treat Technology for Diesel Engine Cylinder

In order to solve the problem of wear-out-failure of diesel engine cylinder, the laser-quenching and low temperature ion sulfurizing complex surface treatment technology was operated on the surface of 42MnCr52 steel. And the tribological properties of the complex layer were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the complex layer was composed of soft surface sulphide layer and sub-surface laser- quenching harden layer, and showed excellent friction-reduction and wear-resistance performance at high temperature. The synergistic effect of the complex layer resulted in 20% increase in hardness, 10% reduction in friction coefficient and 50% reduction in wear weight loss, respectively, compared with those of the standard samples. The bench-test further demonstrated that this technology can improve the lubricating condition between cylinder and piston ring, and reduce both abnormity wear when the lubricating oil is deficiency at the time of start-up and sticking wear at high temperature during the operating period, and then prolong the service life of engine.

Superplastic solid state welding of steel and copper alloy based on laser quenching of steel surface

Based on the feasibility of isothermal superplastic solid state welding of steel and copper alloy, the welded surface of steel surface was ultra-fined through laser quenching, and then the welding process tests between different base metals of 40Cr and QCr0.5 were made under the condition of non vacuum and non shield gas. The experimental results show that, with the sample surface of steel after laser quenching and that of copper alloy carefully cleaned, and under the pre-pressed stress of 56.684.9 MPa, at the welding temperature of 750800 ℃ and at initial strain rate of （2.57.5）×10-4 s-1, the solid state welding can be finished in 120180 s so that the strength of the joint is up to that of QCr0.5 base metal and the expansion rate of the joint does not exceed 6%. The plastic deformation of the joint was further analysed. The superplastic deformation of the copper alloy occurs in welding process and the deformation of steel are little.

Effect of Y_2O_3 Content on Microstructure of Gradient Bioceramic Composite Coating Produced by Wide-Band Laser Cladding

To eliminate thermal stress and cracks in the process of laser cladding, a kind of bioceramic coating with gradient compositional design was prepared on the surface of Ti alloy by using wide-band laser cladding. And effect of Y2O3 content on gradient bioceramic composite coating was studied. The experimental results indicate that adding rare earth can refine grain. Different rare earth contents affect formation of HA and β-TCP in bioceramic coating. When the content of rare earth ranges from 0.4% to 0.6%, the active extent of rare earth in synthesizing HA and β-TCP is the best, which indicates that “monosodium glutamate” effect of rare earth plays a dominant role. However, when rare earth content is up to 0.8%, the amount of synthesizing HA and β-TCP in coating conversely goes down, which demonstrates that rare earth gradually losts its catalysis in manufacturing HA and β-TCP.

Dynamics of Gradient Bioceramic Composite Coating on Surface of Titanium Alloy by Wide-Band Laser Cladding

The gradient bioceramic coating was prepared on the surface of titanium alloy using wide-band laser cladding.The dynamics of gradient bioceramic composite coating containing hydroxyapatite(HA)prepared with mixture of CaHPO4·2H2O and CaCO3 under the condition of wide-band laser was studied theoretically.The corresponding mathematical model and its numerical solution were presented.The examination experiment showed that HA bioceramic composite coatings can be obtained by appropriately choosing wide-band laser cladding parameters.The microstructure and surface morphology of HA bioceramic coating were observed by SEM and X-ray diffraction.The experimental results showed that the bioceramic coating is composed of HA,β-TCP,CaO,CaTiO3 and TiO2.The surface of bioceramic coating takes coral-shaped structure or short-rod piled structure,which helps osteoblast grow into bioceramic and improves the biocompatibility.

Laser Beam Welding of 600 MPa Quenched and Tempered High-Strength Steel

Conventional fusion arc welding of high-strength quenched and tempered steel can be improved through the use of non-conventional laser beam welding. This article presents the investigations of autogenous bead on plate and butt CO2 Laser Welding (LW) of 7 mm thick high-strength quenched and tempered low alloy SM570 (JIS) steel plates. The influence of laser welding parameters, mainly welding speed, defocusing distance and shielding gas flow rate on the weld profile, i.e., weld zone penetration depth and width, microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints was determined. All welded joints showed smooth and uniform weld beads free from superficial porosity and undercuts. The selected best welding conditions were a laser power of 5.0 kW, welding speed of 500 mm/min, argon gas shielding flow rate of 30 L/min and a defocusing distance of -0.5 mm. It was observed that these conditions gave complete penetration and minimized the width of the weld bead. The microstructure of the welded joints was evaluated by light optical microscopy. The weld metal (WM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) near weld metal achieved maximum hardness (355 HV). The tensile fractured samples showed the ductile mode of failure and ultimate tensile strength of 580 MPa.

激光硬化与渗氮复合处理H13钢组织与性能

通过激光淬火/离子渗氮复合方法对H13钢进行表面改性处理,从而提高其表面的性能.利用X射线衍射技术、光学显微观察、扫描电子显微观察、能谱分析技术、显微硬度和纳米测试系统以及高频往复磨损试验,分别研究了离子渗氮、激光淬火、以及激光淬火与离子渗氮复合处理对H13钢改性层组织结构、力学性能、摩擦磨损性能的影响过程和影响机理.结果表明:复合处理工艺可以显著改善改性层的综合性能.和单一渗氮处理相比,复合处理改性层硬度和有效硬化层深度分别从1180 HV和80μm提高至1360 HV和550μm,摩擦系数和磨损率分别从0.68和5.78×10^(-8)mm^(3)·N^(-1)·m^(-1)降低至0.59和1.35×10^(-8)mm^(3)·N^(-1)·m^(-1).试样的硬度和耐磨性显著增加,平均摩擦系数明显降低.

FV520B钢表面熔化极气体保护焊堆焊层及其激光淬火后的组织与性能

采用熔化极气体保护焊在FV520B钢板上进行单层单道、二层多道以及三层多道同质堆焊试验,并对单层单道堆焊层进行激光淬火处理,研究了不同堆焊层和激光淬火后堆焊层的显微组织、硬度和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:堆焊层由板条状马氏体、少量δ铁素体和一些碳化物组成,显微硬度为350 HV,与母材相比提高了14.7%,层间和道间交界处的组织中δ铁素体减少,最高硬度分别为380.3,373.5 HV,相对于堆焊层提高了8.0%,6.7%左右;堆焊层的腐蚀速率低于母材,且随着堆焊层数的增加,腐蚀速率不变。激光淬火后堆焊层的马氏体组织更加细小,淬火区和热影响区的厚度分别为194.3,186.3μm,堆焊层的最高硬度提高至390.4 HV;随着距淬火表面距离的增大,硬度先升高后降低;激光淬火后堆焊层的腐蚀速率比未进行激光淬火的堆焊层低。

激光表面淬火对车轮多边形萌生及发展影响试验研究

车轮多边形磨损是影响列车服役可靠性的常见异常磨损形式,而激光淬火是提高金属材料耐磨性能的新型技术,但目前关于激光淬火对车轮多边形的影响尚未深入研究.因此,本文中将研究激光淬火对车轮多边形萌生与发展的影响规律,探讨利用激光淬火技术抑制车轮多边形的可行性.首先利用激光器对车轮试样进行点状淬火和全表面淬火,利用MMS-2A微机控制摩擦磨损试验机进行轮轨滚动磨损试验,分析轮轨系统振动频率、车轮试样磨损表面宏观形貌、廓形、多边形阶数以及材料损伤等,探明激光淬火对车轮多边形形成的影响.结果表明:在车轮试样表面沿圆周方向均匀地进行12个和16个点状淬火时,滚动磨损试验中车轮试样分别萌生出12阶和16阶多边形,并激发出严重的轮轨系统振动,最终在15万转时产生较大波深的车轮多边形.对车轮表面进行全表面淬火处理时,滚动磨损试验过程中始终无车轮多边形产生.在此基础之上,本文作者对未淬火车轮试样进行6万转滚动磨损试验以形成多边形磨损,然后对多边形车轮试样进行点状淬火(波谷处淬火)和全表面淬火,继而进行轮轨滚动磨损试验.研究表明:对多边形车轮试样波谷区进行淬火强化后,多边形发展表现出先放缓后加快的现象,波谷逐渐转变为波峰;对多边形车轮试样进行全表面淬火强化后,多边形继续发展,运行15万转后多边形波深呈轻微下降趋势.研究结果对车轮多边形磨损控制技术研究具有理论指导意义.

42CrMo钢激光-电磁感应复合淬火过程应力与变形研究

目的提高激光强化风电机组轴承的尺寸稳定性,对激光-电磁感应复合淬火过程中的应力演化过程进行分析,并研究工艺参数对淬火变形的影响规律。方法通过考虑淬火相关的工艺过程、材料参数、热源输入及边界条件,使用COMSOL软件建立42CrMo钢激光-电磁感应复合淬火数学温度-组织-应力场多物理场耦合模型,研究淬火过程中的温度、组织和应力变化过程,并进行复合淬火实验验证。通过改进边界条件,建立轴承试件的淬火模型,通过改变相关工艺参数包括激光功率、感应功率和扫描速度,研究工艺对轴承淬火变形的影响规律,并与实际轴承实验结果进行对比。结果经实验测试结果和模型结果对比,感应和激光的温度相对误差分别为5.48%和9.69%,淬硬层深度的相对误差为5.66%,工件中心点应力相对误差为7.14%。结合温度变化和组织变化,将应力变化过程分为感应加热阶段、激光加热阶段、自然冷却阶段和强制水冷阶段。改进后的大轴承表面变形量的模拟值与实验值相对平均误差为0.58%。结论在复合淬火过程中,应力同时受到热应力和组织相变应力的影响,热应力和组织相变应力在每个阶段起作用的主体不同。随着激光功率和感应功率的减小,以及扫描速度的增大,轴承内圈外滚道表面法向位移变小,尺寸稳定性越好。

激光工艺参数对H13钢表面淬火层组织及性能影响

为了探究不同激光工艺参数组合对H13钢激光淬火改性层的影响,文章设置了7组对照实验,对改性层的截面宏观形貌、物相组成、微观组织结构、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能进行了分析,并具体对比了过烧熔凝与淬火后的组织及性能区别。结果表明,增大激光功率或减小扫描速度均能有效提高淬火区的深度和宽度,但当参数组合达到一定的界限时,会产生过烧熔凝现象,影响工件表面平整度。随着激光功率的增长或扫描速度的降低,改性层组织由不完全相变组织转变为完全相变组织;当达到一定的界限时析出的部分碳化物呈结节状特征;过烧熔凝会产生铸态枝晶组织。截面硬度随着激光功率的增加或扫描速度的降低呈现出递增的趋势,最高硬度出现在次表层区域;铸态枝晶组织相较于淬火组织使硬度显著增加。随着磨损时间的增加,激光淬火试样的磨损失重递增范围减小,磨损方式主要表现为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。

激光编程技术在汽车模具淬火过程中的参数优化与控制研究

针对汽车模具淬火过程中的关键问题和挑战,提出了激光编程技术在该领域的应用研究。引入了激光编程技术的基本原理和特点,激光编程技术在汽车模具淬火过程中的控制研究。基于激光编程技术的参数优化方法和控制效果,对淬火过程的优化和改进进行评估,以提高淬火过程的效率和质量。

低合金钢激光淬火表面强化处理层与渗碳处理层的性能比较

[目的]高压电气机构产品的传动类零部件广泛使用20Cr Mn Mo低合金钢制造。为使该材料达到产品使用性能要求,需要进行气体渗碳、淬火、回火及驱氢处理,存在工序繁多、生产周期长、效率低,有害气体排放量高等问题。[方法]以42CrMo低合金钢为基体,进行激光淬火表面强化处理。对比了42CrMo淬硬层与20Cr MnMo渗碳层的有效深度、显微硬度、组织结构、耐磨性和冲击功。[结果]经过激光淬火表面强化处理的42CrMo钢具有略优于渗碳20CrMnMo钢的综合性能。[结论]激光淬火表面强化处理技术有望替代20CrMnMo的传统处理工艺。

38CrMoAl钢表面渗氮与激光淬火复合改性层的组织和性能及厚度预测

对38CrMoAl钢进行460℃渗氮8,16h与激光淬火处理,研究了复合改性层的组织和性能;利用Matlab软件与Abaqus有限元软件对复合改性层的氮浓度分布场和激光淬火温度场进行数值模拟,预测不同工艺下复合改性层的厚度,并进行试验验证。结果表明:复合改性层表面组织为含过饱和氮的马氏体,次表面为淬火马氏体,同时复合改性层中还存在铁的氧化物(Fe_(3)O_(4),FeO,Fe_(2)O_(3))和铁的氮化物(ε-Fe_(2-3)N、γ'-Fe_(4)N)组成,且16h渗氮+激光淬火得到氮化物的含量更多。不同工艺处理后复合改性层截面硬度分布曲线中存在平台区,16h渗氮+激光淬火后复合改性层平台区的硬度为720HV,比8h渗氮+激光淬火的复合改性层高约100HV;8,16h渗氮+激光淬火后复合改性层的厚度分别为530,590μm。与8h渗氮+激光淬火相比,16h渗氮+激光淬火后复合改性层的稳定摩擦因数和磨损体积均较低,分别为0.293,1.012mm^(3),耐磨性能较优。预测得到8,16h渗氮+激光淬火后复合改性层的厚度分别为531,583μm,相对误差小于3%,验证了预测方法的有效性。

30Cr3超高强度钢淬火态激光焊接接头组织及性能分析

为了分析淬火态30Cr3超高强度钢激光焊接接头的微观组织特点、力学性能及断口特征,采用碟式激光发生器和KUKA机器人进行激光自熔焊接,工艺参数为:激光功率4 200 W、焊接速度1.45 m/min、离焦量+5 mm、保护气流量25 L/min。利用光学显微镜、金相显微镜、显微硬度计和拉伸机等对焊接接头进行分析检测。结果表明,在优化的激光焊接工艺下,焊缝成形良好,无裂纹、咬边等缺陷;焊缝区组织为树枝晶状,热影响区组织为粗大的马氏体,部分相变区为回火屈氏体+回火马氏体;显微硬度测试显示焊缝熔池处硬度最高,平均值为589 HV,部分相变区硬度最低,平均值为482 HV;焊接接头的平均抗拉强度为1 727 MPa,达到母材的96.7%,平均延伸率为5.6%;断裂位置集中在热影响区,断裂方式为韧性断裂。试验证明,30Cr3超高强度钢在淬火状态下通过激光焊接可以获得接近母材性能的焊接接头,尽管存在部分相变区的软化现象,但焊接接头的整体力学性能良好,为固体火箭发动机壳体等承压件的制造提供了一种可行的焊接工艺方法。

磁场对KDCMSV特种钢摩擦磨损性能的影响研究

为了改善KDCMSV盾构滚刀特种钢表面的耐磨性,对其普通织构表面进行了激光淬火。采用金相显微镜观察显微组织,并通过维氏硬度计测显微硬度;采用高速高温摩擦磨损试验机分别在磁场环境下与普通环境下对无处理表面、普通织构表面、激光淬火化织构表面进行摩擦磨损对比试验,并用激光共聚焦显微镜观察、分析磨痕及磨损形貌。结果表明:在磁场强度为7 mT时,不同盾构滚刀特种钢表面的减摩效果不同,普通织构表面的减摩效果最佳。磁场干摩擦技术在盾构滚刀特种钢的应用,有助于改善其表面的耐磨性。

Optimization of the gain in Yb^(3+)-doped cubic laser crystals of 99.99% purity

This was an outlook on the prediction of the infrared laser potentiality from concentration dependences of the 2F5/2 experimental decay time in Yb3＋-doped solid-state crystals mainly on cubic crystals with 99.99% purity which could be extended to laser ceramics of the same composition.

MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION MICROSTRUCTURE OF 40Cr STEEL COMPLEXLY INDUCED BY LASER SHOCK

40Cr steel is laser quenched by the NEL-2500A rapidly axial flow CO2 laser. Then the martensite induced by laser quenched is shocked by Nd：YAG laser again. Through comparing and analyzing the appearance and size of martensite, the dislocation density in microstmcture between the treated zones by laser quenched and by laser quenched plus laser shock, the following results are shown： The second martensite obtained by laser compound treatment is more fmer compared with those obtained by laser quenched; In the hardened zones obtained by compound treatment, a lot of slender second twin crystal martensites are induced; A lot of more high density dislocation tangles and cellular dislocations are generated. From the transmission electron microscope （TEM） micrograph after compound treatment, there are not only long lath and short nubbly martensites arranged in cross direction, but also massive nubbly and small short nubbly martensites arranged in longitudinal direction. Some martensites look like the broken blocks of quenched martensites. These new martensites are inserted transversely in the quenched martensites with large tangle. And they make quenched martensites break into pieces. Compared with the quenched martensites, the size of fresh martensites are smaller, about 0.3-0.5 μm.