Wideband Channel Estimation for THz Massive MIMO

Terahertz(THz)communication is considered to be a promising technology for future 6G network.To overcome the severe attenuation and relieve the high power consumption,massive multipleinput multiple-output(MIMO)with hybrid precoding has been widely considered for THz communication.However,accurate wideband channel estimation,which is essential for hybrid precoding,is challenging in THz massive MIMO systems.The existing wideband channel estimation schemes based on the ideal assumption of common sparse channel support will suffer from a severe performance loss due to the beam split effect.In this paper,we propose a beam split pattern detection based channel estimation scheme to realize reliable wideband channel estimation in THz massive MIMO systems.Specifically,a comprehensive analysis on the angle-domain sparse structure of the wideband channel is provided by considering the beam split effect.Based on the analysis,we define a series of index sets called as beam split patterns,which are proved to have a one-to-one match to different physical channel directions.Inspired by this one-to-one match,we propose to estimate the physical channel direction by exploiting beam split patterns at first.Then,the sparse channel supports at different subcarriers can be obtained by utilizing a support detection window.This support detection window is generated by expanding the beam split pattern which is determined by the obtained physical channel direction.The above estimation procedure will be repeated path by path until all path components are estimated.Finally,the wideband channel can be recovered by calculating the elements on the total sparse channel support at all subcarriers.The proposed scheme exploits the wideband channel property implied by the beam split effect,i.e.,beam split pattern,which can significantly improve the channel estimation accuracy.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to achieve higher accuracy than existing schemes.

Deterministic and Stochastic Simulators for Non-Isotropic V2V-MIMO Wideband Channels

In this paper, we consider a novel two-dimensional(2D) geometry-based stochastic model(GBSM) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) wideband fading channels. The proposed model employs the combination of a two-ring model and a multiple confocal ellipses model, where the signal is sum of the line-of-sight(Lo S) component, single-bounced(SB) rays, and double-bounced(DB) rays. Based on the reference model, we derive some expressions of channel statistical properties, including space-time correlation function(STCF), Doppler spectral power density(DPSD), envelope level crossing rate(LCR) and average fade duration(AFD). In addition, corresponding deterministic and stochastic simulation models are developed based on the reference model. Moreover, we compare the statistical properties of the reference model and the two simulation models in different scenarios and investigate the impact of different vehicular traffic densities(VTDs) on the channel statistical properties of the proposed model. Finally, the great agreement between simulation models and the reference model demonstrates not only the utility of simulation models, but also the correctness of theoretical derivations and simulations.

Characteristics and modeling of UAV-vehicle MIMO wideband channels

A geometry-based stochastic model(GBSM) for unmanned aerial vehicle to vehicle(UAV-V) multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) wideband channel is proposed to investigate the characteristics of UAV-V channel. Based on the proposed model, a three-dimensional(3D) wideband channel matrix regarding channel numbers, time and delay is constructed. And some important channel characteristics parameters, such as power delay profile(PDP), root mean square(RMS) delay spread, RMS Doppler spread, channel gain and Doppler power spectral density(PSD) are investigated with different vehicle velocities. It is much simpler and clearer compared with the complex analytical derivations. The results are compared with validated analysis to confirm the theoretical analysis.

CHANNEL ERROR CORRECTION FOR WIDEBAND SAR-A JOINT MULTIPLE SUBPULSES PROCESSING METHOD

A novel method,referred to as joint multiple subpulses processing,is developed to calibrate the nonideal transfer function of radio frequency front-end and I/Q imbalance in quadrature modulate/demodulate systems simultaneously,which frequently occur in wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) systems.Based on the time-frequency relation of the chirp signal and the analyses of the channel errors in wideband SAR,joint multiple subpulses processing method is adopted to separate the image frequency component due to the I/Q channel error.Then,the complete description of the channel error is acquired for building the correction function,which is used to correct the radar raw echo in frequency domain.The validity and capability of this method are demonstrated by the experiments of the channel error correction on the high resolution SAR system with the effective bandwidth of 500 MHz.

Experimental Study of On-Body Radio Channel Performance of a Compact Ultra Wideband Antenna

In this paper, on-body radio channel performance of a compact ultra wideband (UWB) antenna is investigated for body-centric wireless communications. Measurement campaigns were first done in the chamber and then repeated in an indoor environment for comparison. The path loss parameter for eight different on-body radio channels has been characterized and analyzed. In addition, the path loss was modeled as a function of distance for 34 different receiver locations for propagation along the front part of the body. Results and analysis show that, compared with anechoic chamber, a reduction of 16.34% path loss exponent is noticed in indoor environment. The antenna shows very good on-body radio channel performance and will be a suitable candidate for future efficient and reliable body-centric wireless communications.

Spatial channel characteristics in the outdoor hotspot environment based on wideband MIMO measurements

Wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel measurements were performed at5.25GHz in the hotspot environment in Beijing.The propagation mechanism was line-of-sight and ob-structed-line-of-sight (LOS/OLOS) in the outdoor scenario.Using a large amount of estimated angle ofdeparture (AoD) and angle of arrival (AoA) results,the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of di-rectional spread (DS) are extracted,which illustrate that the spatial dispersion is quite significant at bothends due to the low antenna height of base station and rich scatterers.The average power azimuth spec-trum (PAS) is found to be well fitted with a Laplacian function.In addition,the non-isotropic property ofspatial correlation is investigated,and the average envelop correlation over arbitrary antenna spacing pro-vides the correlation distance to facilitate the MIMO optimization and deployment in the outdoor hotspotenvironment.

基于树小波压缩与最大似然的超宽带信道融合估计方法

为实现无人集群智能化巡检,针对脉冲超宽带技术在山区、森林等复杂地区的应用劣势,提出应对复杂环境下多径效应影响的信道估计方法。通过理论分析与实验研究,提出一种基于树小波压缩与最大似然法融合的信道估计方法(TS-SC)。该方法在贝叶斯压缩感知(CS)模型基础上,通过小波基的稀疏矩阵与马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛抽样,建立层次贝叶斯模型,以实现低速采样下原始信号的恢复。采用最大似然估计方法(SC)对多径数量和增益进行准确估计。实验结果表明:噪声SNR为10dB时,借助低频采样数据,检测精度能达到0.5592,满足复杂环境中信道估计的需求。研究成果突破了传统信道估计方法的局限,为复杂环境下的无人机集群通信提供了有效解决方案。

面向子带分解的非均匀抽取均衡算法

宽带数字阵列雷达通道失配严重的情况下,带宽分割法相比逆傅里叶变换法均衡效果更好,但其在不完全分解时重建误差较大且占用硬件资源过多;针对上述问题,提出一种延长带宽非均匀抽取均衡算法;该方法设定需要划分的子带数目,根据阻带截止频率的位置合并不参与均衡的子带;依据待均衡子带的频率特性对其非均匀抽取,并进行子带内均衡;均衡后各子带经过插值和合并操作,完成整个均衡过程;实验结果表明,在均衡子带个数和重建误差相等的情况下,相比带宽分割法,提出方法的幅度改善因子和相位改善因子分别提高5.39 dB和7.48 dB,降低了运算复杂度和硬件资源占用率。

Wideband Signal Detection Based on MWC Discrete Compressed Sampling Structure

In order to solve the cross-channel signal problem caused by the uniform channelized wideband digital receiver when processing wideband signal and the problem that the sensitivity of the system greatly decreases when the bandwidth of wideband digital receiver increases,which both decrease the wideband radar signal detection performance,a new wideband digital receiver based on the modulated wideband converter(MWC)discrete compressed sampling structure and an energy detection method based on the new receiver are proposed.Firstly,the proposed receiver utilizes periodic pseudo-random sequences to mix wideband signals with baseband and other sub-bands.Then the mixed signals are low-pass filtered and downsampled to obtain the baseband compressed sampling data,which can increase the sensitivity of the system.Meanwhile,the cross-channel signal will all appear in any subbands,so the cross-channel signal problem can be solved easily by processing the baseband compressed sampling data.Secondly,we establish the signal detection model and formulate the criterion of the energy detection method.And we directly utilize the baseband compressed sampling data to carry out signal detection without signal reconstruction,which decreases the complexity of the algorithm and reduces the computational burden.Finally,simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed receiver and show that the proposed signal detection method is effective in low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)compared with the conventional energy detection and the probability of detection increases significantly when SNR increases.

Application of Bayesian Compressive Sensing in IR-UWB Channel Estimation

Due to the sparse nature of the impulse radio ultra-wideband(IR-UWB)communication channel in the time domain,compressive sensing(CS)theory is very suitable for the sparse channel estimation. Besides the sparse nature,the IR-UWB channel has shown more features which can be taken into account in the channel estimation process,such as the clustering structures. In this paper,by taking advantage of the clustering features of the channel,a novel IR-UWB channel estimation scheme based on the Bayesian compressive sensing(BCS)framework is proposed,in which the sparse degree of the channel impulse response is not required. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation scheme has obvious advantages over the traditional scheme,and the final demodulation performance,in terms of Bit Error Rate(BER),is therefore greatly improved.

Complex Domain Wavelet-Based Denoising of Measured UHF Wireless Channel Power Delay Profiles

This work extends the use of wavelet-based denoising as an alternative processing scheme to improve measured mobile-radio channel power delay profiles. It has already been reported that, when applied on real domain data (amplitude only), denoising provides mainly a qualitative improvement. Here, phase content was also considered, leading to significant qualitative and quantitative improvement of the processed profiles. Signal-to-noise ratios and dynamic ranges improvements as high as 50 dB have been observed.

EFFECT OF MULTIPATH CHANNEL MODELS TO THE RECOVERY ALGORITHMS ON COMPRESSED SENSING IN UWB CHANNEL ESTIMATION

Multipath arrivals in an Ultra-WideBand (UWB) channel have a long time intervals between clusters and rays where the signal takes on zero or negligible values. It is precisely the signal sparsity of the impulse response of the UWB channel that is exploited in this work aiming at UWB channel estimation based on Compressed Sensing (CS). However, these multipath arrivals mainly depend on the channel environments that generate different sparse levels (low-sparse or high-sparse) of the UWB channels. According to this basis, we have analyzed the two most basic recovery algorithms, one based on linear programming Basis Pursuit (BP), another using greedy method Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), and chosen the best recovery algorithm which are suitable to the sparse level for each type of channel environment. Besides, the results of this work is an open topic for further research aimed at creating a optimal algorithm specially for application of CS based UWB systems.

一种基于MMF-FRM的低复杂度信道化接收机结构

为实现时域重叠信号的全概率接收和跨信道信号重构,降低窄过渡带信道化结构的复杂度,提出一种基于调制屏蔽滤波器频率响应屏蔽(Modulation Masking Filter Frequency Response Masking,MMF-FRM)技术的信道化接收机结构.通过对原型屏蔽滤波器进行调制得到两个分支屏蔽滤波器,给出了基于MMF-FRM的窄过渡带滤波器设计方法.推导出一种基于MMF-FRM的低复杂度信道化接收机结构,该信道化结构解决了多相分解受FRM(Frequency Response Masking)滤波器组限制的问题,并分析了该结构的有限字长性质和纹波系数.用Xilinx System Generator进行了硬件实现与仿真,在采样速率为1 GHz,信道数为8的条件下,提出的信道化接收机结构比多相信道化结构节省74.1%的乘法器资源,比FRM信道化结构节省13.5%的乘法器资源.

基于GaAs PHEMT工艺的超宽带多通道开关滤波器组MMIC

基于0.25μm GaAs赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(PHEMT)工艺,研制了一款超宽带7路开关滤波器组单片微波集成电路(MMIC)芯片。芯片内集成了开关、驱动电路和带通滤波器,实现了开关滤波功能。开关采用反射式串-并联混合结构;译码器和驱动电路控制某一支路开关的导通或关断;带通滤波器由集总电感和电容组成。该开关滤波器组芯片通带频率覆盖0.8~18 GHz。探针测试结果表明,开关滤波器组芯片各个支路的中心插入损耗均小于8.5 dB,通带内回波损耗小于10 dB,典型带外衰减大于40 dB。为后续研发尺寸更小、性能更优的开关滤波器组提供了参考。

UWB Channel Modeling Improvement in Indoor Line-of-Sight (LOS) Environments

Channel measurement and modeling is an important issue when designing ultra wideband (UWB) communication systems. A Precise model of the channel response is inevitable for designing an ultra wideband telecommunication system. In this article signal propagation in indoor environment and LOS condition is evaluated and the appropriate model of this scenario is presented. Parameters such as the power delay profile, mean excess delay, delay spread, “NP10dB” are analyzed and simulated. Based on analysis results, the proposed model is presented. This model is based on Two-cluster approach but its average power delay profile is described with power function and cluster time of arrival is modeled by the modified exponential distribution. Finally UWB channel parameters of proposed model, Saleh and Valenzuela (S-V) and Two-cluster models are compared. Measurement and simulation results show that considerable improvement for mean excess delay, delay spread and “NP10dB” of proposed model comparing with S-V and Two-cluster model, this means the channel is better described, which mean the channel is described more precisely.

V2V三维宽带信道建模与统计特性分析

针对5G车对车(vehicle to vehicle,V2V)无线通信系统,基于几何随机建模方法,提出一种改进的三维宽带多输入多输出(multiple-input and multiple-outpit,MIMO)信道模型。引入多共焦半椭球体模型用于研究不同传播延迟下的V2V信道统计特性,结合时变的路径长度、信号角度和莱斯因子表征V2V信道的非平稳特性。推导了空-时相关函数、多普勒功率谱密度等关键信道统计特性的数学表达式。分析了城市和高速场景下信道相关特性的差别,并研究了车流密度、运动方向、天线角度、传播延迟等因素对信道统计特性的影响。结果表明,城市场景下的时间相关性和空间相关性明显低于高速场景;不同传播延迟下的V2V信道统计特性有明显差异;信道相关性同天线阵列角度、收发车运动方向和时间变化密切相关。模型仿真结果为车载通信提供了一些有价值的结论,可以作为未来V2V通信系统设计、优化和评估的有效指导。仿真结果与实测数据较好地吻合,证明模型能正确表征V2V无线信道的相关特性。

非均匀子带划分的宽带数字阵通道均衡算法

针对通道严重失配情况下,(加权)最小二乘法的频域均衡性能恶化和均匀子带分解的频域均衡占用过多硬件资源的问题,提出一种根据均衡滤波器的幅频特性非均匀划分频带实现均衡的方法。首先,根据幅度改善因子的大小来调整幅度划分的区间;然后,合并频点数小于滤波器阶数的相邻幅度区间,并求出对应的频带;最后,在非均匀划分的频带上实现信号的滤波补偿、合成。仿真结果表明,在通道严重失配情况下,相比均匀子带划分频域均衡方法,所提方法在幅度和相位改善因子上分别提高了8.68 dB和8.58 dB,在滤波器组数和阶数上分别降低了6组和8阶,可以提高子带频域均衡算法的硬件可实现性,改善宽带数字阵列雷达中脉冲压缩和数字波束形成的性能,增强雷达探测能力。

基于信道化架构的宽带I/Q不平衡校准技术

零中频接收机凭借其架构简单、易于集成等特点已被广泛应用于通信系统和雷达系统,为未来雷达通信一体化技术发展奠定了基础。然而,零中频接收机存在I/Q不平衡问题,这不仅会造成通信星座图的偏移,还会引入雷达虚假目标。现有宽带I/Q补偿方法的精度不高,且都集中于后处理,无法做到实时。因此,本文首先建立了宽带I/Q不平衡模型,并提出了一种融合信道化架构和盲估计补偿算法的宽带I/Q失衡校准技术。该技术利用信道化架构将宽带信号划分为窄带信号,并利用盲估计算法对带有镜像信号的子信道进行在线补偿。实验表明,该方法在获得高精度补偿参数的同时,完成了对宽带I/Q失衡的实时补偿。镜像抑制比达到55 dB。

基于UWB的矿井无线信道测量与建模

通过研究UWB技术的特点,分析UWB信道的传输特性,可以确定信号的发射和接收脉冲信号。文中从信道路径损耗和多径损耗方向进行公式推导和分析,明确了路径损耗和多径损耗在UWB信道中的传播特点,接着分析了Δ-k信道模型和修正后的Δ-k信道模型,并对S-V信道模型和修正后的S-V模型进行了分析,再针对传播特点建立了适合矿井巷道的经过修正的S-V信道模型,并对其进行了仿真实验。