Wideband dual-polarized slot-coupled microstrip array for synthetic aperture radar application

An 8 × 1-element wideband dual-polarized slot-coupled microstrip antenna array with high isolation and low crosspolarization in X-band is presented. The array antenna offers an impedance bandwidth （VSWR≤2） of 23% and 21% for dual polarization ports, respectively. The measured isolation between two polarization ports is better than 35 dB and the measured cross-polarization level below -25 dB in the main beam over the operation frequency band of 9.35 GHz to 9.75 GHz. This array is well suitable for X-band SAR （synthetic aperture radar） antenna apphcation.

Wideband spectrum sensing using step-sampling based on the multipath nyquist folding receiver

Wideband spectrum sensing with a high-speed analog-digital converter(ADC) presents a challenge for practical systems.The Nyquist folding receiver(NYFR) is a promising scheme for achieving cost-effective real-time spectrum sensing,which is subject to the complexity of processing the modulated outputs.In this case,a multipath NYFR architecture with a step-sampling rate for the different paths is proposed.The different numbers of digital channels for each path are designed based on the Chinese remainder theorem(CRT).Then,the detectable frequency range is divided into multiple frequency grids,and the Nyquist zone(NZ) of the input can be obtained by sensing these grids.Thus,high-precision parameter estimation is performed by utilizing the NYFR characteristics.Compared with the existing methods,the scheme proposed in this paper overcomes the challenge of NZ estimation,information damage,many computations,low accuracy,and high false alarm probability.Comparative simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in this paper.

Dual-Polarized Slot-Coupled Microstrip Antenna with Very High Isolation

A wideband dual-polarized slot-coupled stacked microstrip antenna with very high isolation and low cross-polarization is presented. To improve isolation between two poiarization ports, the stacked patches are excited by an open-ended and a T-shaped microstrip lines both via two H-shaped slots placed in a ＂T＂ configuration. The measured isolation is better than 40.5 dB over the bandwidth from 8.8 to 9.8 GHz with cross-polarization level less than - 28.5 dB. The measured VSWR ≤ 2 bandwidths reach 20.7 96 and 19.196 at the verrical and horizontal polarization ports, respectively. This antenna is suitable to be used as array elements in spacebome synthetic aperture radars （SAR） and active phased array radars.

Broadband printed antennas and dual-polarized microstrip and waveguide slot antenna arrays

In order to meet the urgent needs in wireless communications, microwave image synthetic aperture radars （SAR）, and electronic warfare systems, this dissertation studies several types of broadband dual-polarized planar antenna elements and arrays, and proposes a few of novel designs with experimental verification. The main accomplishments reported in the dissertation are as follows.

Over-the-Air Testing for Dual-Polarized MIMO Devices: Setup Design and Validation

Over-the-air(OTA)testing is considered as the only feasible solution to evaluate radio performances of the fifth-generation(5G)wireless devices which feature two important technologies,i.e.,massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)and millimeter-wave(mmWave).The multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC)based OTA setup is able to emulate realistic multipath propagation conditions in a controlled manner.This paper investigates an MPAC OTA setup which is capable of evaluating the performances of 5G base stations as the devices-under-test(DUTs)which are equipped with dual-polarized antennas.Both end-to-end setup and probe configuration for the considered MPAC setup will be elaborated.Furthermore,since building a practical MPAC setup is expensive,time-consuming,and error-prone,an endto-end software testbed is established for validation purpose to avoid technical risks before finalizing an MPAC setup.The architecture of the testbed is presented,which can emulate both the channel profiles perceived by the DUT and the physical-layer behaviors of the considered link conforming to 5G new radio(NR)specifications.Results show that the performances under the emulated channel agree well with those under the target channel,validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the MPAC method.

Diversity–Multiplexing Tradeoff and Outage Performance for 2×2 Dual-Polarized Uncorrelated Rice MIMO Channels

In this paper, diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) curve for 2×2 Dual-Polarized uncorrelated Rice MIMO channels is studied. Exact expressions for statistic information of mutual information exponent are derived. Impacts of channel parameters such as signal to noise ratio (SNR), k-factor and cross polarization discrimination (XPD) on mutual information exponent are analyzed. Compared to conventional single-polarized (SP) Rice MIMO systems, a qualitatively different behavior is observed for DP Rice systems. The work in this paper, allows identifying quantitatively for which channels (k-factor) and SNR levels the use of dual polarization becomes beneficial. Gamma or lognormal distribution are used to describe mutual information component, and a theoretical formulation for finite-SNR DMT curve in 2×2 DP uncorrelated Rice channels is presented for the first time, which is valid in low and medium SNRs when multiplexing gain is larger than 0.75.

Electromagnetic Band Gap Loaded Square Waveguide Band-Pass Filter for Dual-Polarized Application

An Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) loaded square waveguide Band-Pass Filter (BPF) is proposed in this paper. It’s simply composed by symmetrically loading periodical metal diaphragms on each wall of a square waveguide. The influences of insert sizes and loading periods on the overall BPF performances are analyzed. Experimental results agree well with those predicted. 6 GHz pass-band with insert loss less than 1 dB, 2.5 GHz stop-band and larger than 25 dB polarization isolation can be obtained. The BPF can be applied in dual-polarized waveguide-based antenna-feed systems.

Robust dual-channel correlation algorithm for complex weak target detection with wideband radar

In the scene of wideband radar,due to the spread of target scattering points,the attitude and angle of view of the target constantly change in the process of moving.It is difficult to predict,and the actual echo of multiple scattered points is not fully matched with the transmitted signal.Therefore,it is challenging for the traditional matching filter method to achieve a complete matching effect in wideband echo detection.In addition,the energy dispersion of complex target echoes is still a problem in radar target detection under broadband conditions.Therefore,this paper proposes a wideband target detection method based on dualchannel correlation processing of range-extended targets.This method fully uses the spatial distribution characteristics of target scattering points of echo signal and the matching characteristics of the dual-channel point extension function itself.The radial accumulation of wideband target echo signal in the complex domain is realized through the adaptive correlation processing of a dual-channel echo signal.The accu-mulation effect of high matching degree is achieved to improve the detection probability and the performance of wideband detection.Finally,electromagnetic simulation experiments and measured data verify that the proposed method has the advan-tages of high signal to noise ratio(SNR)gain and high detection probability under low SNR conditions.

5G Wideband Bandpass Filtering Power Amplifiers Based on a Bandwidth-Extended Bandpass Matching Network

In this paper,a 5G wideband power amplifier(PA)with bandpass filtering response is synthesized using a bandwidth-extended bandpass filter as the matching network(MN).In this structure,the bandwidth(θ_(C))is defined as a variable in the closedform equations provided by the microstrip bandpass filter.It can be extended over a wide range only by changing the characteristic impedances of the structure.Different from the other wideband MNs,the extension of bandwidth does not increase the complexity of the structure(order n is fixed).In addition,based on the bandwidth-extended structure,the wideband design of bandpass filtering PA is not limited to the fixed bandwidth of the specific filter structure.The theoretical analysis of the MN and the design flow of the PA are provided in this design.The fabricated bandpass filtering PA can support almost one-octave bandwidth(2-3.8 GHz),covering the two 5G bands(n41 and n78).The drain efficiency of 47%-60%and output power higher than 40 dBm are measured.Good frequency selectivity in S-parameter measurements can be observed.

A True-Time-Delay Array Architecture for Wideband Multi-Beam Tracking

The true-time delay(TTD)units are critical for solving beam squint and frequency selective fading inWideband Large-Scale Antenna Systems(LSASs).In this work,we propose a TTD array architecture for wideband multi-beam tracking that eliminates the beam squint phenomenon and filters out interference signals by applying a spatial filter and time delay estimations(TDEs).The paper presents a novel approach to spatial filter design by introducing a transformation matrix that can optimize the beam response in a specific direction and at a specific frequency.Using the variable fractional delay(VFD)filters,we propose a TDE algorithm with a Newton-Raphson iteration update process that corrects the arrival time delay difference between sensors.Simulations and examples have demonstrated that the proposed architecture can achieve beam tracking within 10 ms at the low signalto-noise ratio(SNR)and demodulation loss is less than 0.5 dB in wideband multi-beam scenarios.

基极触发的雪崩晶体管导通机理

为研究基极触发的雪崩晶体管导通机理,建立了雪崩晶体管(n+⁃p⁃n⁃n+掺杂结构)的准三维器件模型和实验测试电路。研究了雪崩晶体管的温度分布特征,导通结束后器件最高温度约为417 K,位于电流通道内n⁃n+边界处。当集电极电压为300 V、基极触发电压为2.4 V时,仿真和实验获得的脉冲上升时间分别为2.4 ns、2.5 ns,半高宽(FWHM)分别为6.2 ns、5.8 ns,仿真和实验结果基本一致。研究结果表明:高触发脉冲电压幅值会加速晶体管内部电场的重建过程,从而缩短延迟时间,提高晶体管响应速度;负载阻抗会影响器件导通通道尺寸,负载阻抗减小时,电流密度提升,器件通过缩窄通道来提高通道内电流密度,宏观导通电阻降低。

基于石墨烯的多功能超表面设计

为实现机载天线罩吸波/透射波/反射波功能一体化,设计了一种基于石墨烯和光电二极管(PIN)的宽带吸波/反射波/透射波多功能超表面。当PIN正向导通时,超表面对入射电磁波的透过率接近于0,反射率可以通过改变石墨烯的费米能级进行调节;当石墨烯的费米能级为0.3 eV时,超表面在1.55~5.51 GHz范围内的吸收率超过了90%;当石墨烯能级为0 eV时,超表面在1.55~5.51 GHz范围内的反射系数高达45%。当PIN反向截止时,超表面在4.76 GHz处出现了一个透射峰,石墨烯费米能级为0.3 eV和0 eV时的透射系数分别为61%和71%。设计的超表面具有结构简单、宽带吸波/反射波/透射波多功能等优点,在通信和雷达等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

双基地宽带成像雷达时间及调频率同步方法

双基地宽带成像雷达由于不同源会产生时间同步误差和调频率同步误差。针对这一问题,面向低成本、小型化雷达接收机设计同步方法。针对时间同步问题,提出了直达波触发的收发脉宽非一致时间同步方案,通过使用直达波触发接收窗启用时刻,同时增加接收窗长度和低通匹配滤波,以完成时间同步。针对调频率同步问题,提出了采用吕氏分布对调频率误差进行估计,进而进行补偿,以完成调频率同步。该时间及调频率同步方法基本不需要增加接收机硬件成本,可以适应小型化接收雷达需求。基于小型宽带雷达搭建室内的双基宽带雷达模型,实验实现了双基雷达同步以及数据采集、成像。实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于宽窄带综合的飞机机型识别方法

针对传统单模态雷达飞机目标细粒度识别能力不足的问题,提出一种基于宽窄带综合的飞机机型识别方法.通过卷积网络挖掘宽带一维距离像的局部散射特性,递归神经网络挖掘窄带微动回波不同时刻的上下文特性,达到信息互补的目的.同时,针对两种模态在决策融合时存在强弱不平衡问题,设计了一种自适应决策融合网络,实现了对飞机目标的机型识别.利用七种飞机机型的仿真宽窄带数据进行了实验验证.仿真结果表明,本文方法平均识别准确率为76.7%,较传统方法提升6.4%以上.

子连接有源可重构智能表面辅助的宽带无蜂窝网络能效优化

面对无蜂窝网络中超密集基站部署产生的高功耗问题,提出了一种基于子连接有源可重构智能表面辅助的宽带无蜂窝网络系统。考虑有源智能超表面最大功率约束、放大因子约束和基站端最大功率约束,构建了一个联合基站和可重构智能表面波束优化的能效最大化问题。由于所形成的优化问题非凸,提出了一种交替优化方案将原问题转化为多个子问题,进而利用块坐标下降、拉格朗日对偶变换、多维复二次变换等方法将每个子问题转化为凸优化问题,通过交替求解每个子问题最终获得原问题的解。仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性。

基于超宽带反射超表面产生太赫兹轨道角动量

由于轨道角动量(orbital angular momentum,OAM)有望成为新的通信复用自由度,在拓展信道容量、提高频谱资源利用率方面有巨大潜力而受到越来越多研究人员的关注。目前的太赫兹涡旋波产生器件存在只能工作在单频点、带宽窄、转换效率低等问题,如何在太赫兹频段高效产生OAM成为关键问题之一。该文设计了一种超宽带反射超表面单元,结合几何相位原理和相位叠加原理设计了单层反射超表面。仿真结果表明:设计的超表面实现了在0.82 THz~2.09 THz(相对带宽87.3%)的宽频范围内,将圆极化太赫兹波转换为携带轨道角动量的太赫兹涡旋波,同极化反射谱的幅度大于0.97,转换效率高于94.7%,反射相位覆盖0°~360°。利用傅里叶变换分解反射场中各个OAM模式,定量分析了OAM模式纯度,在不同频率下涡旋波中均为主模式l=-2能量占比最高,进一步对设计的超表面进行优化,主模式能量占比明显提升。该文设计的超表面具有转换效率高、工作带宽大、主模式强度高等优势,为宽带太赫兹涡旋波的高效产生提供了一种参考。

宽带片式有源阵列设计

针对多功能应用需求,提出一种宽带片式有源阵列的解决方案。有源阵列包含8个有源子阵,为了实现高集成、可扩展、低剖面设计,有源子阵采用三层片式架构,天线单元、T/R组件及延时多功能模块之间采用垂直互连。天线单元层、T/R组件层以及延时多功能模块层均依托冷板进行装配,外部电源及控制通过延时多功能模块分配到T/R组件。测试结果表明:在瞬时带宽4 GHz、±45°扫描范围内,通过全时延补偿实现波束指向偏差接近1/10波束宽度。

基于超宽带定位的室外定位系统设计

随着体育竞技水平的不断提高,运动员对科学精准的训练分析方法的需求越来越高,对于人体的定位分析是其中一个基本且重要的维度。目前基于GPS的室外定位无法满足一般的小型体育场景的高精度定位,该文基于超宽带定位技术设计了一套应用于小型场景室外定位系统,该系统可以满足高精度、高刷新率要求的体育定位场景,可以应用于一般田径运动的训练分析。

基于半圆分形的柔性超宽带天线

以柔性材料聚酰亚胺(PI)作为介质基板材料,设计了一种柔性超宽带(UWB)半圆分形天线。天线辐射单元采用四阶半圆迭代嵌套分形结构,通过不同分形半圆调节电长度,增加天线的工作谐振点。通过在接地板开槽提高天线的阻抗匹配特性,实现UWB辐射。利用共面波导馈电方式提高天线的集成性。仿真与测试结果表明:所设计天线的阻抗带宽为2.98-10.61 GHz,带内全向增益达到5.58 dBi,天线最终尺寸为30 mm×24 mm,实现了小型化和可弯曲的特性,在共形于13 mm半径的圆柱后,天线仍能保持UWB辐射性能。

覆盖整个UHF频段的吸波结构

设计了一种覆盖整个特高频(Ultra-High Frequency,UHF)频段的超宽带吸波结构.利用了磁性材料的磁导率随频率减小而增大的特性,降低了吸波结构性能对频率的敏感性;结合等效电路方法,引入电损耗,进一步改善了吸波结构的低频性能.在整个UHF频段测量了羰基铁粉的介电常数和磁导率,采用遗传算法优化了等效电路参数,采用全波仿真软件优化了结构参数,在低频端对所加工的吸波结构的反射系数进行了测量.测量结果、仿真结果和等效电路结果吻合良好.所设计的吸波结构的相对带宽超过164%,厚度为最低工作频率波长的2.9%.