Modified Black Widow Optimization-Based Enhanced Threshold Energy Detection Technique for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

This study develops an Enhanced Threshold Based Energy Detection approach(ETBED)for spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio network.The threshold identification method is implemented in the received signal at the secondary user based on the square law.The proposed method is implemented with the signal transmission of multiple outputs-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.Additionally,the proposed method is considered the dynamic detection threshold adjustments and energy identification spectrum sensing technique in cognitive radio systems.In the dynamic threshold,the signal ratio-based threshold is fixed.The threshold is computed by considering the Modified Black Widow Optimization Algorithm(MBWO).So,the proposed methodology is a combination of dynamic threshold detection and MBWO.The general threshold-based detection technique has different limitations such as the inability optimal signal threshold for determining the presence of the primary user signal.These limitations undermine the sensing accuracy of the energy identification technique.Hence,the ETBED technique is developed to enhance the energy efficiency of cognitive radio networks.The projected approach is executed and analyzed with performance and comparison analysis.The proposed method is contrasted with the conventional techniques of theWhale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)and GreyWolf Optimization(GWO).It indicated superior results,achieving a high average throughput of 2.2 Mbps and an energy efficiency of 3.8,outperforming conventional techniques.

Black Widow Optimization for Multi Area Economic Emission Dispatch

The optimizationfield has grown tremendously,and new optimization techniques are developed based on statistics and evolutionary procedures.There-fore,it is necessary to identify a suitable optimization technique for a particular application.In this work,Black Widow Optimization(BWO)algorithm is intro-duced to minimize the cost functions in order to optimize the Multi-Area Economic Dispatch(MAED).The BWO is implemented for two different-scale test systems,comprising 16 and 40 units with three and four areas.The performance of BWO is compared with the available optimization techniques in the literature to demonstrate the strategy’s efficacy.Results show that the optimized cost for four areas with 16 units is found to be 7336.76$/h,whereas it is 121,589$/h for four areas with 40 units using BWO.It is also noted that optimization algo-rithms other than BWO require higher cost value.The best-optimized solution for emission is achieved at 9.2784e+06 tones/h,and it is observed that there is a considerable difference between the worst and the best values.Also,the suggested technique is implemented for large-scale test systems successfully with high precision,and rapid convergence occurs in MAED.

The Influence of Chinese Boudoir Poem on American Modernist Poet Williams’The Widow’s Lament in Springtime

Chinese poetry has exerted a great influence on American modernist poets,especially on William Carlos Williams(1883-1963).William Carlos Williams’The Widow’s Lament in Springtime shares some connections with Chinese Boudoir poems in theme,image,and technique.This paper tends to discuss the influence of Chinese Boudoir poems on William Carlos Williams based on his creating of The Widow’s Lament in Springtime,which provides a new perspective for studying the communication of Chinese and American poetry.

Widowhood Practice in Eastern Nigeria： A Comparative Study of Imo and Anambra States

Marriage is one of the valued institutions in the traditional African society. Incidentally, it has its own challenges. When a young man or woman gets to a certain age and he/she is not married, society frowns at it. Thus, many couples enter into marriage relationships with a lot of excitements and expectations. However, losing one＇s spouse to death robs one of all these excitements and expectations and exposes the bereaved spouse to some dehumanizing challenges. These challenges are mostly experienced by women in the Eastern Region of Nigeria. These women are subjected to dehumanizing practices which are socially accepted in the region. This paper attempts a comparative study of some of the practices imposed on widows in Eastern Nigeria. A sample of 200 participants was purposively selected from two states in the Eastern Region of Nigeria. The study adopted the qualitative research method. Thus, the analysis was made using descriptive method. The study showed that these inhuman traditional practices in Eastern Nigeria are initiated and perpetrated by the kinsmen （Umunna and Umuada）. It also showed that the widowhood treatment is meted out on all widows, but the severity or less severity of these treatments are dependent on the socio-economic and other attributes of the widow. Finally, recommendations were made, which include the need to protect the fundamental rights of widows and their children.

用网管的眼光重新体验Windows XP SP2：Widows XP SP2增强体验

安全功能体验 安全功能方面的提高是SP2最值得称赞的地方，它提供了多方面的增强功能。Windows安全中心 进入控制面板，可以发现在这里多出了一个“Windows安全中心”项，在Windows安全中心中提供了防火墙、自动更新和病毒防护三方面的监测（如图1）。

基于特征融合和B-SVM的鸟鸣声识别算法

为了实现在野外通过低成本嵌入式系统识别鸟类,提出了基于特征融合和B-SVM的鸟鸣声识别方法。对鸟鸣声信号提取梅尔频率倒谱系数、翻转梅尔频率倒谱系数、短时能量和短时过零率组成特征参数,通过线性判别算法对特征参数进行特征融合。利用黑寡妇算法通过测试集对支持向量机模型的核参数和损失值进行优化得到B-SVM模型。利用Xeno-canto鸟鸣声数据集对本文算法进行了测试,结果表明该方法的识别准确率为93.23%。算法维度参数的大小和融合特征维度的高低是影响算法识别效果的重要因素。在相同条件下,文中所提的基于特征融合和B-SVM模型的鸟鸣声识别算法相较于其他特征参数和模型,识别的准确率更高,为野外鸟类识别提供了参考。

融合GBWO与ENN的人体尺寸预测模型

为了提高人体尺寸预测的效率和准确性,该文提出了GBWO-ENN(Grey Black Wolf Optimization-Elman Neural Network)的方法。针对传统灰狼算法易于陷入局部最优和无法平衡全局与局部搜索的平衡性问题,提出了GBWO算法。该算法融合黑寡妇优化算法中蜘蛛的运动方式对灰狼优化算法中α狼位置更新进行了优化,通过非线性递减的方法降低了收敛系数,并且提出了按位置等级更新种群的策略。随后采用GBWO算法对Elman神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化,并将GBWO-ENN模型应用于三维人体尺寸预测。实验结果表明,GBWO-ENN模型结构简单,能够准确预测人体尺寸,具有较好的预测能力。

丧偶老人生命意义感的影响因素研究——基于结构方程模型的实证分析

目的了解丧偶老人生命意义感的现状,构建丧偶老人生命意义感的影响因素模型。方法采用整群抽样法,使用生命意义感量表、社会支持量表、社会参与量表和基本心理需求量表对湖南省岳阳市岳阳楼区16个社区和湖南省华容县16个村的836例丧偶老人进行横断面调查,采用结构方程模型分析丧偶老人生命意义感的影响因素及作用路径。结果丧偶老人生命意义感的得分为34.56±7.38,社会支持得分为25.22±5.97,社会参与得分为12.96±3.48,基本心理需求得分为71.35±14.26。结构方程模型结果显示:相关因素对丧偶老人生命意义感的解释度为59.5%。社会支持、社会参与、基本心理需求对生命意义感有直接效应(效应值分别为0.23、0.24、0、49,P<0.001)。基本心理需求在社会支持与生命意义感的间接效应为0.19(P<0.001),在社会参与与生命意义感的间接效应为0.11(P<0.001),该模型拟合效果良好。结论丧偶老人的社会支持、社会参与、基本心理需求对丧偶老人生命意义感具有正向预测作用;基本心理需求在社会支持、社会参与与生命意义感之间存在部分中介作用。

AMicroseismic Signal Denoising Algorithm Combining VMD and Wavelet Threshold Denoising Optimized by BWOA

The denoising of microseismic signals is a prerequisite for subsequent analysis and research.In this research,a new microseismic signal denoising algorithm called the Black Widow Optimization Algorithm(BWOA)optimized VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD)jointWavelet Threshold Denoising(WTD)algorithm(BVW)is proposed.The BVW algorithm integrates VMD and WTD,both of which are optimized by BWOA.Specifically,this algorithm utilizes VMD to decompose the microseismic signal to be denoised into several Band-Limited IntrinsicMode Functions(BLIMFs).Subsequently,these BLIMFs whose correlation coefficients with the microseismic signal to be denoised are higher than a threshold are selected as the effective mode functions,and the effective mode functions are denoised using WTD to filter out the residual low-and intermediate-frequency noise.Finally,the denoised microseismic signal is obtained through reconstruction.The ideal values of VMD parameters and WTD parameters are acquired by searching with BWOA to achieve the best VMD decomposition performance and solve the problem of relying on experience and requiring a large workload in the application of the WTD algorithm.The outcomes of simulated experiments indicate that this algorithm is capable of achieving good denoising performance under noise of different intensities,and the denoising performance is significantly better than the commonly used VMD and Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD)algorithms.The BVW algorithm is more efficient in filtering noise,the waveform after denoising is smoother,the amplitude of the waveform is the closest to the original signal,and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and the root mean square error after denoising are more satisfying.The case based on Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine shows that for microseismic signals with different intensities of noise monitored on-site,compared with VMD and EMD,the BVW algorithm ismore efficient in filtering noise,and the SNR after denoising is higher.

含分布式电源选址定容的配电网重构双层规划

针对大量分布式电源接入配电网带来的诸多不利影响,文中提出一种综合考虑分布式电源选址定容和配电网重构的双层规划模型.上层以DG投资的年综合成本最小,进行分布式电源的选址定容,下层以有功网损最低,进行配电网重构.同时,引入黑寡妇算法对模型进行求解.首先,采用二维混沌映射进行种群初始化,以增加种群的多样性;其次,引入自适应变化的生殖率和兄弟姐妹相食率,以减少后期算法收敛的时间;最后,引入变异算子,增加种群突变的概率,以帮助算法跳出局部最优并寻求全局最优解.通过仿真验证,文中所提出双层规划模型能显著降低网损,提高电压质量;而改进后的黑寡妇算法在收敛速度和精度方面都表现出更优异的性能.

知行易径理论视域下丧偶老人心理健康服务模式研究

随着人口老龄化的进程加快,丧偶老人的数量也与日俱增,其心理健康问题日益突出,普遍存在孤独感强烈、难以适应角色等问题。本研究基于知行易径理论构建丧偶老人心理健康服务模式,从生理、动机、认知、情绪、行为与环境六个领域先评估丧偶老人的需要,进而界定干预目标,构建干预措施,使其有效地达到个体的生活目标,提升丧偶老人生活质量,为探索丧偶老人社会生活重建路径提供参照。

基于改进LSTM-AdaBoost的铣刀磨损量预测

针对铣刀磨损量预测时精度低的问题,提出一种基于黑寡妇算法(BWO)优化的长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)与AdaBoost集成学习算法相结合的铣刀磨损量预测方法。在铣刀磨损振动信号中提取时域、频域以及时频域多域特征。通过BWO算法优化LSTM的核心参数,并将优化后的LSTM网络与AdaBoost算法进行结合,构建铣刀磨损量预测模型。最后用PHM Society 2010铣刀全寿命周期的振动数据进行实验。研究结果表明:所提方法能够有效地预测出铣刀磨损量变化值,优化后模型的平均绝对误差百分比为3.436%、均方根误差为6.471、决定系数R^(2)为0.935。该方法能够获得准确率更高的铣刀磨损量预测值,预测效率更高。

我国丧偶老年人社会参与对健康的影响研究

目的:探讨我国丧偶老年人社会参与对健康的影响。方法:基于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查纳入6296个样本,利用普通最小二乘法和工具变量-两阶段最小二乘法实证分析我国丧偶老年人社会参与对健康的影响。结果:社会参与改善了丧偶老年人生理健康和心理健康状况。以“是否拥有房屋产权”“社区是否组织社会或娱乐活动”作为社会参与的工具变量进行内生性检验,结果显示,丧偶老年人社会参与对生理健康和心理健康仍存在正向影响。更换健康指标,证实结论具有稳健性。结论:在积极应对人口老龄化过程中应积极鼓励丧偶老年人参加社交活动,并根据丧偶老年人特征制定详细、差异化方案,为丧偶老年人参加社会娱乐活动创造客观条件。

Optimization of synchronized frequency and voltage control for a distributed generation system using the Black Widow Optimization algorithm

A distributed generation network could be a hybrid power system that includes wind-diesel power generation based on induction generators(IGs)and synchronous generators(SGs).The main advantage of these systems is the possibility of using renewable energy in their structures.The most important challenge is to design the voltage-control loop with the frequency-control loop to obtain optimal responses for voltage and frequency deviations.In this work,the voltage-control loop is designed by an automatic voltage regulator.A linear model of the hybrid system has also been developed with coordinated voltage and frequency control.Dynamic frequency response and voltage deviations are compared for different load disturbances and different reactive loads.The gains of the SG and the static volt-ampere reactive compensator(SVC)controllers in the IG terminal are calculated using the Black Widow Optimization(BWO)algorithm to insure low frequency and voltage deviations.The BWO optimization algorithm is one of the newest and most powerful optimization methods to have been introduced so far.The results showed that the BWO algorithm has a good speed in solving the proposed objective function.A 22%improvement in time adjustment was observed in the use of an optimal SVC.Also,an 18%improvement was observed in the transitory values.

基于改进黑寡妇算法的海上风机塔筒生产线布局优化

为减少海上风机塔筒生产车间的物资搬运距离并提高搬运效率,降低生产车间的物流成本,分析塔筒生产线的特点和存在的问题,包括生产工位配置不合理、物流繁琐等,提出一种基于改进黑寡妇算法的生产线布局优化方法,旨在通过最佳的生产工位配置和物流规划,实现生产线的高效运转。将新方法与遗传算法、和声算法以及原始黑寡妇优化算法等进行对比试验,结果表明,所提出的布局优化方法能够显著提高海上风机塔筒生产线的生产效率并降低物流成本,对促进海上风机生产效能的提升具有一定的指导意义。

困境书写与情感关切——论中国“孤儿寡母”文学形象的叙事策略

“孤儿寡母”是典型的弱势群体形象,它跨越时代,广泛存在于中国的文学作品之中,却并未受到学界的广泛关注。围绕不同的表现主题,“孤儿寡母”形象的塑造具有多种叙事策略:通过弱势群体的苦难与毁灭来鞭笞时局,隐喻文化症候;以父性缺失为中心,关注非完整家庭的畸形情感依附问题;以生育意义的确证为切入点,探讨女性自身价值与母性的内在冲突;以多代人的“代沟”分歧为表象,映射出家庭纷争背后的时代矛盾。“孤儿寡母”文学形象具有得天独厚的悲剧美感,缕析其构建策略,对观照底层群众的生存困境与情感问题都具有一定的现实意义。

黑寡妇算法与P&O相结合的光伏MPPT研究

目的 在局部遮阴条件下,传统最大功率点追踪(MPPT)算法通常会跟踪到局部最优值,单个群智能优化算法在多极值的情况下能有效跟踪最大功率点,但追踪时间相对较长,为此,提出一种基于黑寡妇(BWOA)与扰动观察法相结合的MPPT算法。方法 将boost电路中开关管的占空比定义为算法中的个体位置,通过对输出占空比的调整实现MPPT控制。结果 相比于原BWOA算法和PSO算法,基于BWOA与P&O结合算法的MPPT能够更加快速地跟踪到最大功率点。结论 与扰动观察法的结合可以有效加快BWOA算法收敛速度,并提高算法收敛精度。

From Tongbo Village to Widow Villagc The Legacy of the Chinese Civil War

Located on Dongshan Island, off the coast of Fujian province, is a typical rural village called Tongbo. On May 10, 1950, 147 men were abducted by the KMT army on its way to Taiwan. Since a majority of the men were already married, overnight, their wives became ＂widows,＂ and most would remain so for the rest of their lives. Consequently, Tongbo village became more widely known as Widow Village. The first objective of this paper is to document the tragic experiences of men and women in Tongbo village, focusing on these forced separations in 1950, the possibility of reunion after 1987, and the struggle to cope with the difficulties in between. The second objective of this paper is to argue that while heartbreaking, the experiences of this village are not extraordinary in the context of the Chinese Civil War. What made the men and women in Tongbo extraordinary is not their collective suffering, but how these villagers suffered less, not more, than in many other places, because of the actions of three key figures.

广西上林县长寿老人流行病学特征和影响因素分析

目的探讨广西上林县长寿老人流行病学特征和影响因素,为广西地区长寿研究和政策制定提供科学依据。方法以上林县长寿人群横断面调查资料为基础,收集长寿老人一般人口学资料,使用logistic多因素回归分析长寿影响因素。结果上林县长寿老人比例为272.65/10万,百岁老人比例为13.80/10万;长寿老人男女比例为1∶3.24;婚姻状况以丧偶为主;绝大部分长寿老人居住在农村地区。多因素分析结果显示,丧偶(OR=0.03,95%CI:0.010~0.089)、极度肥胖(OR=0.032,95%CI:0.001~1.110)、血压正常高值(OR=0.153,95%CI:0.023~1.002)、高血压(OR=0.107,95%CI:0.022~0.508)、单纯收缩期高血压(OR=0.138,95%CI:0.029~0.665)、臀围增加(OR=0.828,95%CI:0.731~0.938)是长寿的危险因素,而具有长寿家族史(OR=3.543,95%CI:1.087~11.542)和腰围增加(OR=1.124,95%CI:1.027~1.229)是长寿的保护因素。结论广西上林县长寿老人和百岁老人的比例均显著高于全国和广西平均水平,且长寿人群中以女性居多。丧偶、极度肥胖、血压正常高值、高血压、单纯收缩期高血压、臀围增加是长寿的危险因素,具有长寿家族史和腰围增加是长寿的保护因素。

Shen Queying： A Reform Martyr＇s Widow or a Martyress of Her Own Causes？

The late Qing woman poet Shen queying （1877-19oo） had lived in the shadow of her husband, the reform martyr Lin Xu （1875-98）. This paper subverts the conventional portrayal of Shen queying as a chaste widow through reading her poems and song-lyrics in comparison with the poetic works of Lin Xu, to show that she herself was a reformer in her own right, and in this she was Lin Xu＇s vocal soul-mate rather than his mute wife and then widow. In her poems and song-lyrics, Shen Queying made clear that she had endeavored in poetic learning for expressing ＂the grand ambition of a racing steed,＂ and her poetry sent unmistakable message to become a political player herself in China＇s reform era, fighting for the welfare of the country and the people. For some subtle reasons, however, she was not able to fulfill this ambition by personally participating in the reform activities. Frustrated, she resolved to be a supporter and protector of her husband. Precisely because Shen queying had put so much of her reform ideal into her husband＇s career, the execution of Lin Xu fell on her as a double blow. Her pining away to death, although conforming to a seemingly late imperial lien^J model, transcends this traditional image and bears a clear mark of the reform era, when a woman tied her personal life closely to the destiny of the country and the people.