Assessment of Willingness to Pay as a Source of Financing for the Sustainable Development of Barobbob Watershed in Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines

This study employed the Contingent Valuation Method to assess the willingness to pay of water users, as a source of financing for the sustainable development of Barobbob Watershed. The WTP study was conducted among 345 waters users in 19 barangays in the municipalities of Solano and Bayombong. Uncensored data revealed that 63.8% (58.84% for the adjusted) of the respondents revealed willingness to pay for improved watershed management. The mean WTP amount, estimated through a logit model, Turnbull Distributor-Free Estimator and Lower Bound Estimate, is found to be PhP39.35, PhP27.80 and PhP25.90/month/household, respectively. Respondents WTP is influenced by bid amount, age, membership in environmental organization, experience with water-related problems, civil status, house ownership, and awareness on the concept of watershed. Respondents were willing to pay because they wanted a sustainable water supply for the present and future generations. A payment scheme is possible and it could provide a sustainable flow of fund, however, the willingness percentages still needed to be increased. Community education and public awareness (CEPA) campaign is necessary to enhance the water users’ knowledge and understand about the importance and values of watersheds. Ultimately, WTP percentage and WTP amounts would increase.

The Combined Application of WTP and WTA in Contingent Valuation Methods

The In most contingent valuation (CV) studies, WTP (Willingness to pay) and WTA (Willingness to accept) were often used separately, so protesting or no response or even babbling answers are increasing, and the debate persists over the reliability of CV in economic policy analysis. In order to improve the reliability of CV, WTP and WTA is used syn-chronously to estimate the restoration cost of Maqu grassland ecosystem. Data were partly from questionnaire survey, and partly from interviews and authorities. Before conclusions were derived, we assumed these data that came from interviews and authorities were right. The main result is: If we assumed that the degraded grassland of Maqu needs 10 years to be restored, and divided the restoring period into two stages, then the restoration cost was 0.85 × 108 RMB per year in former 4 years, 0.022 × 108 RMB per year in latter 6 years. The total cost of Maqu grassland restoration was 3.62 × 108 RMB. For all the costs of restoration, WTA occupied 94% and WTP only occupied 6%, suggesting that local grassland degradation was mainly caused by overgrazing and that the overloading livestock must be eliminated in order to achieve restoration successfully. Our research also showed that combining WTP and WTA in contingent valuation is very useful in estimating the cost of environmental improvement projects. Of course, whether these results are right or not, further researches are needed in the future, especially for the actual number of livestock in Maqu grassland.

Factors Hindering Pakistani Farmers' Choices Towards Adoption of Crop Insurance

This study was conducted to analyze the factors that negatively influence Pakistani farmers＇ willingness to participate in crop insurance. Probit model was applied to identify the significant factors which influenced our dependent variable ＂not willing to participate＂. The results of the analyses showed that crop insurance premium was the most influencing factor which had positive and significant impact on dependent variable. Similarly dissatisfaction with crop loan insurance scheme, lacking of knowledge about crop insurance, believing of being against Islamic rules and time taking process was also found to be positive and significantly influenced the dependent variable. While limited decision power and limited perils were not found to be significant in the results.

Estimating farmers’stated willingness to accept pay for ecosystem services:case of Lake Naivasha watershed Payment for Ecosystem Services scheme-Kenya

Introduction:Lake Naivasha watershed is recognized for its contribution to Kenya’s national gross domestic product from the export of horticultural products.Commercial horticultural investment downstream depends mainly on the Lake’s water.The fresh water lake lacks surface outflow,and its recharge depends on river Malewa flowing from upper catchment in Aberdare ranges.However,unsustainable land use practices in the upper catchment has led to increasing sediment loading and pollution in river Malewa which affects water quality in the Lake downstream.Payment for Environmental Services(PES)scheme has been initiated as an alternative incentive approach to motivate upstream smallholder farmers adopt sustainable land use practices for conservation of watershed services.This paper analyzes willingness to accept pay(WTA)as proxy economic measure of environmental service(ES)value and determines socio-economic factors influencing farmers WTA for watershed conservation.We analyzed the WTA and characterized WTA underlying socio-economic determinants in two PES intervention sites in Kenya.Methods:The objective of this study was to estimate WTA and determine socio-economic factors influencing WTA.Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 PES farmers through face-to-face interview.We applied contingent valuation(CV)and logistic regression for data analyses to elicit farmer’s WTA estimates to implement PES farm practices and determine socio-economic factors influencing WTA,respectively.Results:Results revealed over 90% of respondents were farmers and 60% had primary level of education.Average household farm size was 2.305 acres and family size was six members on average.We recorded a monthly marginal household increase in gross income from Kshs.6891.969(US$68.92)before PES to Kshs.11,011.48(US$110.12)with PES interventions.The estimated annual lowest and highest WTA for PES farm practices were at Kshs.8835(US$88.35)for grass strip and Kshs.21,847.500(US$218.48)for fallowing.Household socio-economic characteristics had significant influence on WTA among farmers.Conclusions:The study revealed heterogeneity in WTA estimates among PES implementing farmers.The WTA reflects opportunity cost to farmers.We recommend PES mechanism as a policy tool to internalize negative watershed externalities to provide ecosystem services.

整合TAM——TOE模型的NFC支付用户使用意愿研究

为增强用户对NFC支付的使用意愿,本文以TAM模型为基础,与TOE模型相结合,从技术、环境、组织三个方面对NFC支付的用户使用意愿进行探索性研究。研究发现:在技术范畴内其便利性对感知易用性具有较大影响,而安全性直接影响到用户使用意愿;在环境范畴内潮流压力会显著影响用户的使用意愿,而竞争压力对用户的感知有用性具有较大影响;在组织范畴内通过企业宣传提升用户的个人认知度与加强组织沟通与信息交流,均能提升用户的使用意愿。因此,应从技术、组织、环境三方面为企业提供决策支持,以提升NFC支付用户使用意愿。

研究生群体学术微信公众号知识付费意愿影响因素研究

文章基于MOA理论,从动机、机会、能力3个层面选择研究变量并构建模型,探究研究生群体学术微信公众号知识付费意愿的影响因素和中介效应。结果显示,研究生群体的主观规范、对知识提供者的认同、科研压力及消费能力对其学术微信公众号知识付费意愿具有正向影响,且科研压力能够通过工具性需求、对知识提供者的认同、主观规范和自我效能影响其付费意愿,据此提出提升研究生群体学术微信公众号知识付费意愿的建议。

健康老龄化背景下本科护生老年护理就业偏好研究——基于离散选择实验分析

目的 调查本科护生老年护理就业偏好,为老年照护机构配置护理人员、完善老年护理就业管理及政策制订提供参考。方法 选取天津市某高等医学院校的337名本科护生为调查对象,通过离散选择实验设计本科护生老年护理就业的偏好调查问卷,量化相关工作属性和水平,以估计其陈述性偏好、支付意愿和各属性的边际价值。结果 纳入的4个属性(月收入、工作环境、职业发展机会、编制)均有统计学意义。本科护生最关注工作环境这一非经济属性(β=1.278,P<0.001);职业发展机会是影响老年护理就业偏好的关键因素(β=1.261,P<0.001),编制对偏好的影响较小(β=0.699,P<0.001)。结论 政策制定者可从提高收入、改善工作环境、完善硬件设施、增加进修学习及职业发展的机会、提供编制等方面改革老年护理人力资源政策,提高本科护生招聘率和职业归属感、稳定老年护理队伍,促进老年护理人才队伍建设。

养老金期待利益及其保障规则研究

基本养老保险缴费年限届满前参保人因履行法定缴费义务取得的养老金期待利益是应受法律保障的养老金权利。其权利属性是参保人参与未来养老金分配的法律资格,权利客体指向未来可分配之养老金。参保人跨职域、跨地域流动以及因法定事由退出养老保险关系时,转移或结算部分保险费的现行规则客观上导致了养老金期待利益的部分或完全丧失。为切实保障参保人的养老金期待利益,应以单一基本养老保险关系为理论依据构建制度分立、内涵整合的养老金权利合并规则,通过国家间的社会保险协定写入养老金权利整合性条款,构建法定事由下终止养老保险关系的保费返还特别规则。

信息线索能否促进消费者对跨境电商食品的溢价支付意愿?

厘清信息线索对消费者溢价支付意愿的影响机理,对于降低食品市场信息不对称,促进食品产业高质量发展具有重要意义。以跨境电商食品为研究情境,基于精细加工模型(ELM),探究信息线索与消费者溢价支付意愿间的作用机制。研究表明:信息质量、信息呈现、信息追溯和信息标识对溢价支付意愿有显著正向影响;产品卷入度在信息质量、信息呈现、信息追溯和信息标识与溢价支付意愿间均有中介效应;营养安全意识在信息呈现、信息追溯与产品卷入度间发挥正向调节效应。据此,提出健全信息治理体系、构建在线智感模块、开发溯源传输系统、推广营养标示制度、营造信息体验情境、搭建媒体宣传矩阵等管理对策,以期推动跨境电商食品产业健康发展。

基于随机支付卡条件价值法视角的长沙市和石家庄市居民大气环境质量改善支付意愿及影响因素

基于随机价值理论,以湖南省长沙市和河北省石家庄市为例,采用随机支付卡价值诱导技术,实证分析了居民对大气环境质量改善的支付意愿及影响因素,旨在为条件价值法改进及大气环境治理政策成本−效益分析提供依据。结果表明:①2市居民在支付意愿选择态度上存在显著差异,石家庄市居民持积极态度的占比高于长沙市,这与个人对环境治理的角色定位、支付能力及机构信任紧密相关。②石家庄市居民的平均支付意愿显著高于长沙市,长沙市居民支付意愿均值的样本平均数为97.87元/月,标准差为128.69,石家庄市分别为108.24元/月和142.64。③影响居民支付意愿最主要的微观因素是受教育程度,其次是对政府的信任度、收入水平、风险偏好、对政府的满意度评价及预期收入变化,最主要的宏观因素是居住城市和区域,其次是人均地区生产总值。

有机认证和品牌化能有效提升农产品的消费意愿吗?——基于山东省小米消费的调查数据

根据467份山东省消费者对有机小米消费意愿的微观调查数据,利用“有序logistic回归模型”分析了有机认证和品牌化对提升消费者农产品消费意愿的作用。研究发现,有机认证和品牌化均对消费者意愿存在显著的正向影响,对建构有机农产品市场信任机制具有重要作用;经有机认证和品牌化的有机小米平均溢价率为73.93%,表明消费者愿意为通过有机认证和品牌建设等保证农产品质量安全的信息体系支付额外的费用。综上结论,对有机农产品生产和绿色农业发展提出3点对策建议。

网络零售环境下物流服务能力对消费者支付意愿的影响

随着我国网络信息技术的不断发展,人们已认可了网络零售服务模式。但从成本分析及客户需求视角来进行理解,物流服务中的物流速度并不是越快越好。此外,对网络零售投诉中退换货环节服务机率非常高,在很大程度上导致消费者对其服务不满。为此,需分析不同商品消费者对物流服务需求所表现出的差异性,以及网络零售环境下的物流服务能力对消费者支付意愿的影响,解决网络零售商及物流服务企业吸引消费者力度不足的问题。

“他”在看我?绿色产品陈列密度对消费者的影响

研究表明,产品的陈列模式会影响消费者的判断。绿色营销背景下,产品的空间陈设排列已成为影响消费者购买意愿的重要线索,然而鲜有研究关注产品陈列密度。本研究基于象征性互动理论,通过三个实验探讨绿色产品陈列密度对消费者溢价支付意愿的影响以及潜在影响机制。结果发现,相较于绿色产品的高陈列密度模式,低陈列密度摆放下,消费者的溢价支付意愿更高,自尊认知起到中介作用。在拟人化的调节作用下,相较于绿色产品的低陈列密度模式,高陈列密度摆放下,消费者的溢价支付意愿更高。本研究有助于丰富绿色产品推广和拟人化策略等领域的相关研究,为企业的绿色产品推广提供操作性建议。

基于TRA理论的农产品可追溯信息溢价支付意愿研究

[目的/意义]旨在为可追溯平台的建立和完善提供参考。[方法/过程]以TRA理论为理论基础,基于可追溯平台的信息属性,构建消费者对具有可追溯信息农产品溢价支付意愿的理论模型,利用结构方程模型进行了理论假设验证。[结果/结论]可追溯农产品的事前质量保证信息对消费者溢价支付意愿有正向影响;事前质量保证和事后追溯会影响消费者的信任和感知价值,进而影响消费者溢价支付意愿;部分人口统计学变量对消费者的信任、感知价值、溢价支付意愿均有影响。

知识型虚拟社群用户付费意愿影响因素研究——基于国内外34项实证研究的元分析

研究知识型虚拟社群用户付费意愿的影响因素对行业未来的建设和发展十分重要,学者开展了大量研究,但存在研究结果不一致的问题。以样本文献中与虚拟知识社群付费意愿相关的影响因素为自变量,使用元分析的方法,采用随机效应模型,对国内外多个数据库进行文献检索,将最终筛选出的34篇文献进行异质性检验和敏感性分析等综合研究后得出:所纳入的感知价值、感知有用性、感知易用性、主观规范、信任及感知成本等6个自变量都在不同程度上对用户在知识虚拟社群的付费意愿产生影响,其中感知成本对付费意愿产生一定负向影响,其余5个自变量正向影响知识虚拟社群用户的付费购买。最后,通过对研究结果进行梳理分析,为虚拟社群知识付费行业体系提出了管理建议。

意愿外化为行为是否有效:生态服务付费与人居环境整治效果提升

沿着“付费意愿-环保行为-人居环境整治效果”的研究过程,利用OLS和内生转换模型,分析了生态服务付费意愿与环境效果的关系,结果表明:具有付费意愿的村民有更强的环保意愿和倾向,能通过促进自我环保行动、带动邻里行动及配合监督村干部行动,实现意愿到行为的外化,同时通过环保基础、资金保障、制度支持、社会资本、参与机制等村庄保障的调节确保付费意愿外化为行为的有效性,从而促进人居环境整治效果提升。意愿外化为行为并非一直有效,付费意愿对环境效果提升效应因地区、意愿强度、环境水平和人居环境整治类型的异质性而不同。即是说,只要“意愿-行为-效果”的路径畅通和村庄基础等外部情景保障到位,就可通过提高村民环境保护的意愿,使得意愿外化为主动参与环保行为和影响他人环保行为,从而提高村庄人居环境整治效果。

长江流域居民生态补偿支付意愿及其影响因素

建立和完善长江流域生态补偿机制,是促进长江经济带高质量绿色发展的重要路径。基于长江流域7省市的770份实地调查数据,选取Probit模型和Tobit模型分别分析了长江流域居民生态补偿支付意愿(WTP)和支付水平及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)家庭居住位置、家庭年均收入、环境保护政策认可度、缴纳罚款认可度、政策了解程度5个变量与支付意愿显著相关;(2)居民生态补偿支付水平受到受教育程度、缴纳罚款认可度、政策了解程度、参与积极性4个变量的影响;(3)进一步测算了流域居民的支付水平和最小受偿意愿,对比发现,居民最小受偿意愿远高于其支付意愿,二者存在严重不匹配情况。基于此,提出提高长江经济带流域生态补偿支付意愿与水平的相关政策建议。

消费者购买有机认证葡萄酒溢价支付意愿及影响因素研究

有机认证葡萄酒生产与消费是重要市场发展趋势,发展有机葡萄酒的关键驱动力在于消费者的购买意愿。研究采用在线问卷调查的方式,应用溢价支付意愿(WTP)非参数估计方法,分析消费者购买有机认证葡萄酒溢价支付意愿水平,并以WTP结果作为被解释变量进行回归分析,探讨影响葡萄酒溢价支付的关键因素。结果表明,消费者的有机葡萄酒溢价支付意愿存在差异,被调查样本的实际平均溢价支付意愿[E(WTP)]为37.17%,平均溢价支付意愿[E(WTP)]的下限值为28.48%,平均溢价支付意愿E(WTP)的上限值为45.86%。有机葡萄酒溢价支付意愿受当前居住城市、受教育程度、职业特征、家庭可支配收入等因素影响显著(P<0.05)。因此,促进有机葡萄酒消费应当对产品进行精准的市场定位,选择消费潜力较高的区域推广有机认证葡萄酒;同时要结合消费者画像,对高价值用户进行精准营销,促进葡萄酒消费提质增效。

农户对可降解农膜的支付意愿及其影响因素--基于陕西省339份农户调研数据

研究农户对可降解农膜支付意愿及影响因素,有利于农业绿色生产技术的推广与施用,推动农业发展绿色转型。基于陕西省339份农户调研数据,通过条件价值评估法测算不同农户类型对可降解农膜的支付意愿及支付额度,构建二元Logistic回归模型和Tobit模型探究农户差异化支付意愿和支付额度的影响因素。结果表明:①受访农户中,大多数农户对可降解农膜具有支付意愿,且兼业户的支付意愿更强,支付额度更高;②农户的受教育程度正向显著影响农户可降解农膜支付意愿;③社会影响、技术有用性和技术易用性均正向显著影响农户对可降解农膜支付意愿和支付额度;④不同农户类型对可降解农膜的支付意愿和支付额度影响因素存在差异。综上所述,在推动农业绿色发展过程中,亟需制定差异化的技术响应鼓励政策,加强对农户的技术培训与指导,加大技术应用的补贴力度,建立农户响应绿色生产技术的长效动态激励机制。

农民对生态系统服务的偏好、支付意愿及影响因素研究——基于陕西省大荔县调研数据

农民对生态系统服务的认知和支付意愿是农村生态文明建设的关键。基于CVM方法和Logit模型,从微观视角分析农民对生态系统服务的支付意愿及其影响因素。结果表明:大荔县16个村的农民对生态系统服务的认知度较低,但表现出了极大的兴趣,愿意为生态系统服务支付一定金额;性别、家庭年收入和对生态系统服务概念的了解程度是影响农民支付意愿的主要因素,“质疑支付的资金能否达到预期目的”及“认为这是政府的责任”选择次数也较多,不容忽视;农民最偏爱的生态系统服务类型是食物生产,其次是气候调节和土壤形成与保护。因此,为了提升农民支付意愿,要深化农村教育改革,提高农民素质;完善劳动力转移机制,增加农民收入;强化政府扶持,增强协同与信任;推进制度改革,增加农民认同感;政策制定采纳民意,满足农民偏好。