Energy trade is the barometer of global trade in goods and plays an integral role international trade. As an important part of the implementation of the "Belt and Road"Initiative,multilateral partnership in ...Energy trade is the barometer of global trade in goods and plays an integral role international trade. As an important part of the implementation of the "Belt and Road"Initiative,multilateral partnership in energy trade is one of the most cooperative and promising areas for the countries along the "Belt and Road".Since the implementation of the initiative five years ago,cooperation in energy trade between China and the countries along the "Belt and Road"has been deepening.This development not only benefits the energy producers,energy consumers and energy corridors,but it also elevates China's influence and leadership in the regional energy market,contributing to the construction of a new international energy order.展开更多
Energy trade is the barometer of global trade in goods and plays an integral role international trade. As an important part of the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative,multilateral partnership in energy trad...Energy trade is the barometer of global trade in goods and plays an integral role international trade. As an important part of the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative,multilateral partnership in energy trade is one of the most cooperative and promising areas for the countries along the Belt and Road.Since the implementation of the initiative five years ago,cooperation in energy trade between China and the countries along the Belt and Road has been deepening.This development not only benefits the energy producers,energy consumers and energy corridors,but it also elevates China's influence and leadership in the regional energy market, contributing to the construction of a new international energy order.展开更多
We propose an evolution model of cooperative agent and noncooperative agent aggregates to investigate the dynamic evolution behaviors of the system and the effects of the competing microscopic reactions on the dynamic...We propose an evolution model of cooperative agent and noncooperative agent aggregates to investigate the dynamic evolution behaviors of the system and the effects of the competing microscopic reactions on the dynamic evolution. In this model, each cooperative agent and noncooperative agent are endowed with integer values of cooperative spirits and nonco- operative spirits, respectively. The cooperative spirits of a cooperative agent aggregate and the noncooperative spirits of a noncooperative agent aggregate change via four competing microscopic reaction schemes： the win-win reaction between two cooperative agents, the lose-lose reaction between two noncooperative agents, the win-lose reaction between a coop- erative agent and a noncooperative agent （equivalent to the migration of spirits from cooperative agents to noncooperative agents）, and the cooperative agent catalyzed decline of noncooperative spirits. Based on the generalized Smoluchowski＇s rate equation approach, we investigate the dynamic evolution behaviors such as the total cooperative spirits of all coop- erative agents and the total noncooperative spirits of all noncooperative agents. The effects of the three main groups of competition on the dynamic evolution are revealed. These include： （i） the competition between the lose-lose reaction and the win-lose reaction, which gives rise to respectively the decrease and increase in the noncooperative agent spirits; （ii） the competition between the win-win reaction and the win-lose reaction, which gives rise to respectively the increase and decrease in the cooperative agent spirits; （iii） the competition between the win-lose reaction and the catalyzed-decline reaction, which gives rise to respectively the increase and decrease in the noncooperative agent spirits.展开更多
文摘Energy trade is the barometer of global trade in goods and plays an integral role international trade. As an important part of the implementation of the "Belt and Road"Initiative,multilateral partnership in energy trade is one of the most cooperative and promising areas for the countries along the "Belt and Road".Since the implementation of the initiative five years ago,cooperation in energy trade between China and the countries along the "Belt and Road"has been deepening.This development not only benefits the energy producers,energy consumers and energy corridors,but it also elevates China's influence and leadership in the regional energy market,contributing to the construction of a new international energy order.
文摘Energy trade is the barometer of global trade in goods and plays an integral role international trade. As an important part of the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative,multilateral partnership in energy trade is one of the most cooperative and promising areas for the countries along the Belt and Road.Since the implementation of the initiative five years ago,cooperation in energy trade between China and the countries along the Belt and Road has been deepening.This development not only benefits the energy producers,energy consumers and energy corridors,but it also elevates China's influence and leadership in the regional energy market, contributing to the construction of a new international energy order.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10875086 and 11175131)
文摘We propose an evolution model of cooperative agent and noncooperative agent aggregates to investigate the dynamic evolution behaviors of the system and the effects of the competing microscopic reactions on the dynamic evolution. In this model, each cooperative agent and noncooperative agent are endowed with integer values of cooperative spirits and nonco- operative spirits, respectively. The cooperative spirits of a cooperative agent aggregate and the noncooperative spirits of a noncooperative agent aggregate change via four competing microscopic reaction schemes： the win-win reaction between two cooperative agents, the lose-lose reaction between two noncooperative agents, the win-lose reaction between a coop- erative agent and a noncooperative agent （equivalent to the migration of spirits from cooperative agents to noncooperative agents）, and the cooperative agent catalyzed decline of noncooperative spirits. Based on the generalized Smoluchowski＇s rate equation approach, we investigate the dynamic evolution behaviors such as the total cooperative spirits of all coop- erative agents and the total noncooperative spirits of all noncooperative agents. The effects of the three main groups of competition on the dynamic evolution are revealed. These include： （i） the competition between the lose-lose reaction and the win-lose reaction, which gives rise to respectively the decrease and increase in the noncooperative agent spirits; （ii） the competition between the win-win reaction and the win-lose reaction, which gives rise to respectively the increase and decrease in the cooperative agent spirits; （iii） the competition between the win-lose reaction and the catalyzed-decline reaction, which gives rise to respectively the increase and decrease in the noncooperative agent spirits.
