Winding Function Theory Based Thrust Calculation on Nested-loop Secondary Linear Machine Adapted to Linear Metro

With advantages of strong drive capability,nested-loop secondary linear machine(NLS-LM)has great potentiality in linear metro.For its secondary structure with multiple loops,it is difficult to calculate the electromagnetic thrust of NLS-LM reasonably.Hence,in this paper,one thrust calculation method is proposed considering variable loop inductance and transient loop current.Firstly,to establish the secondary winding function,the modeling domain is confined to a limited range,and the equivalent loop span is employed by analyzing the coupling relationship between primary and secondary.Then,in order to obtain the secondary flux density,the transient secondary current is solved based on the loop impedance and induced voltage.Finally,the electromagnetic thrust can be calculated reasonably by the given primary current sheet and the calculated secondary flux density.Comprehensive simulations and experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A proposed directional function and wind-wave directional spectrum

A directional function for frequencies equal to and larger than the peak frequency of a wind-wave frequency spectrum is constructed by fitting the angular spreading based on the analytically derived directional spectrum of Wen et al. (1993, Journal of Oceanography, 49(2), 131～147, 149～172). For frequencies smaller than the peak frequency, the directional function is obtained by comparing and analyzing existing formulas. The nondimensional wind-wave frequency spectrum of Wen et al. (1994, Progress in Natural Seience, 4(4). 407～427;4 (5), 586～596) has been used together with the directional function just mentioned to obtain the directional spectrum for easier application.

Comparative Analysis of Wind break and Sand fixation Functions of Several Main Forage Plants in Minqin Desert Area

[Objective] The paper was to study wind-break and sand-fixation functions of forage plants in desert area. [Method]Based on the survey data of four major wind-break and sand-fixation plants( Haloxylon ammondendron,Artemisia arenaria,Nitraria tangutorum and Ephedra przewalskii) in Minqin desert area,the longitudinal section area and the sandpile volume of an individual plant and per unit area were calculated. The wind-break and sand-fixation functions of four major plant communities were comparatively analyzed. [Result] The wind-break functions of an individual plant( cluster) successively were N. tangutorum > H. ammondendron > A. arenaria and E. przewalskii; the sand-fixation functions of an individual plant( cluster) successively were N. tangutorum > E. przewalskii; the wind-break functions per unit area successively were A. arenaria > H. ammondendron > N. tangutorum > E. przewalskii; the sand-fixation functions per unit area were N. tangutorum > E. przewalskii; the wind-break and sand-fixation function per unit area were N. tangutorum > A. arenaria > H. ammondendron >E. przewalskii.[Conclusion]A. arenaria can be selected for only wind-break,and N. tangutorum can be chosen for only sand-fixation. If given consideration to both,N. tangutorum and A. arenaria must be selected.

Investigations into Some Simple Expressions of the Gamma Function in Wind Power Theoretical Estimate by the Weibull Distribution

The Weibull distribution is a probability density function (PDF) which is widely used in the study of meteorological data. The statistical analysis of the wind speed v by using the Weibull distribution leads to the estimate of the mean wind speed , the variance of v around and the mean power density in the wind. The gamma function Γ is involved in those calculations, particularly Γ (1+1/k), Γ (1+2/k) and Γ (1+3/k). The paper reports the use of the Weibull PDF f(v) to estimate the gamma function. The study was performed by looking for the wind speeds related to the maximum values of f(v), v2 f(v) and v3 f(v). As a result, some approximate relationships were obtained for Γ (1+1/k), Γ (1+2/k) and Γ (1+3/k), that use some fitting polynomial functions. Very good agreements were found between the exact and the estimated values of Γ (1+n/k) that can be used for the estimation of the mean wind speed , the variance σ2 of the wind speed v;around the mean speed and the average wind power density.

Functional design of wind turbine airfoils based on roughness sensitivity characteristics

To improve aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoils,the shape profile characteristic of the airfoil is investigated.Application of conformal transformation,one functional and integrated expression of wind turbine airfoils is presented.Using the boundary layer theory,the aerodynamic model with roughness of wind turbine airfoils is introduced by studying flow separation around the airfoil.Based on the shape expression and aerodynamic performance of airfoils,the function design of wind turbine airfoils is carried out that the maximum lift-drag ratio and low roughness sensitivity are designed objects.Three wind turbines airfoils with different thickness are gained which are used at tip part of blades.As an example,the aerodynamic performance of one designed airfoil with relative thickness of 15%is simulated in different conditions of clean surface,rough surface,laminar flow and turbulent flow.The comparison of aerodynamic performance between the designed airfoil and one popular NACA airfoil is completed which can verify the better performance of the designed airfoil and reliability of the designed method.

基于水电储能调节的风光水发电联合优化调度策略

为缓解新能源装机容量扩大引起的弃风弃光现象,在已有梯级水电上下电站之间加入储能泵站,提出风光水储短期优化调度策略。构建以风光水储系统负荷跟踪误差最小、梯级水电站发电量最大和梯级水电站发电耗水量最小的多目标优化调度模型;提出基于季节性自回归移动平均(seasonal auto-regressive lntegrated moving average, SARIMA)模型和Copula函数的风光出力预测模型作为优化调度模型的边界条件,通过SARIMA预测模型将风光出力历史数据分解为季节性分量、趋势分量以及随机噪声余项进行全天96个调度时段风光出力预测,并叠加上基于Copula函数生成风光出力预测误差,然后通过拉丁超立方采样以及K-means聚类进行场景生成和缩减得到5个风光出力场景。选取风光典型日出力数据为例进行算例分析,算例结果表明:所提预测模型较SARIMA模型可以显著提高预测准确度,模型预测风光出力均方根误差从33.34、229.49 MW分别下降至0.697、9.534 MW;所提优化调度策略可以在全年丰、平、枯水期有效减少弃风弃光现象,并可将过剩新能源中的50%转化为上级水库储存水能。

An Analysis of the Two Translation Versions of Ode to the West Wind from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence

Ode to the West Wind,as the western literary classic,has been translated into different languages and its effects are beyond the literature and the national boundaries.This poem has been the ode to freedom and revolution spread by generations.This thesis introduces Nida’s functional equivalence theory.In addition,the author also introduces the comparisons of the two translation versions of Ode to the West Wind.Through analysis of authentic translation examples,the author indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of the functional equivalence theory in the practical translation.The author also wants to improve the ability of a translator to use this theory while translating so as to express the meaning correctly while keeping the features of the original texts.Moreover,through a tentative study of functional equivalence,a reader can understand the foreign culture comprehensively based on the consideration of the original texts and the original meanings.

避免频率二次跌落的风储联合调频控制策略

风电高渗透电力系统中,风机释放转子动能参与频率响应改善系统频率稳定性,但存在欠响应支撑效果不足或过响应导致系统频率二次跌落现象。储能响应不受时空因素影响,通过整定储能响应参数,可提升风电频率响应的有效性。该文首先基于统一结构模型分析系统频率二次跌落与风机控制策略之间的作用机理。其次,整定充分利用风机频率响应能力及避免系统频率二次跌落的风电机组频率响应系数。然后,引入频率稳定裕度概念,并基于关系矩阵整定的储能最小出力,等效扩展系统频率稳定裕度。基于以上分析,综合考虑时空因素对系统频率响应影响,提出一种多时间尺度下避免频率二次跌落的风储联合调频控制策略。最后,基于DIgSILENT搭建风电高渗透4机4区系统进行仿真验证。结果表明,所提控制策略在不同风速下兼顾风机频率响应能力,同时避免频率二次跌落,提高全网频率安全稳定裕度。

基于低风速功率修正和损失函数改进的超短期风电功率预测

风电功率具有较强的波动性和随机性。为进一步提升风电功率的预测精度,提出一种基于低风速功率修正和损失函数改进的超短期风电功率预测模型。该模型采用卷积神经网络、自注意力机制和双向门控循环单元捕获风电功率序列的长期时序依赖关系。为了解决低风速下待风状态神经网络难以精确拟合的问题,模型通过预测风速并结合当前时段的风电功率对低风速段的预测功率进行修正。针对参数训练的稳定性问题,模型通过改进预测策略和共享权重,引入一种多元非线性的损失函数来提取序列间的关联性。结果表明,所提模型在多项误差指标中均优于对比模型,能够有效提升超短期风电功率的预测效果。

消痛愈甲方联合醋酸泼尼松片治疗亚急性甲状腺炎风热痰凝证的有效性及安全性

目的:探讨消痛愈甲方联合醋酸泼尼松片治疗亚急性甲状腺炎(SAT)风热痰凝证的有效性及安全性。方法:选取2022年3月-2023年8月江阴市中医院收治的SAT患者70例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各35例。对照组予以醋酸泼尼松片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予以消痛愈甲方治疗。比较两组临床疗效、甲状腺功能、甲状腺功能减退发生率、复发情况及不良反应。结果:观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.046);治疗后,两组游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平降低,促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平升高,观察组FT3、FT4水平低于对照组,TSH水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组甲状腺功能减退发生率、复发率均低于对照组,差异有统计意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:消痛愈甲方联合醋酸泼尼松片治疗SAT风热痰凝证的效果确切,可以改善甲状腺功能,减少甲状腺功能减退的发生及复发,安全性好。

气动翼型涡流发生器与风力机翼型同步优化设计

针对目前风力机叶片翼型与涡流发生器相互独立的串行设计方法,导致不能最大限度的设计出气动性能最佳的风力机新叶片加装新型涡流发生器。这里提出带气动翼型的涡流发生器与风力机叶片翼型同步设计方法,利用B样条函数分别表达叶片翼型与涡流发生器气动形状,以最大升阻比及失速前最大升力系数为多目标函数建立优化数学模型,结合CFD技术与粒子群算法对原始叶片翼型DU97-W-300与CLARKY翼型涡流发生器进行同步优化,优化结果表明:相比原始叶片翼段加装CLARKY翼型涡流发生器,优化后的升力系数为2.378,提高了9.3%,升阻比为63.335,提高了7.5%;且对优化前后的流线图及涡量云图进行了对比分析,说明优化后叶片加装涡流发生器翼型可产生更大的诱导涡,能够有效抑制叶片表面流体分离。这里研究对于叶片与涡流发生器的设计及应用具有很好的参考与借鉴意义。

一种新的SeaWinds散射计海面风场反演方法

针对传统的最大似然法存在的主要缺点,在分析SeaWinds散射计模型函数表的基础上,根据雷达后向散射截面积(σ0)随风速和相对方位角的变化规律,提出了一种新的海面风场反演方法.然后利用SeaWinds散射计部分L2A实测数据对该方法进行了验证,并在等风向间隔的条件下将该方法与传统的最大似然方法对同一实验数据的运行时间进行了比较.实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,该方法运行效率有明显提高,且反演结果与美国L2B反演结果十分接近.

稳态下击暴流风场竖向空间相关性试验研究

为研究下击暴流水平风速的竖向相关性,采用冲击射流装置模拟了稳态下击暴流风场,测量了不同径向位置、竖向距离、地貌条件以及射流速度下的水平风速,重点分析了水平风速的竖向相关性和相干曲线,提出了稳态下击暴流风场的相干函数模型。结果表明,相关系数随径向距离的增加而先增大后减小,最大相关系数出现在r=1.0 D_(jet)附近,地面粗糙度和射流风速对相关系数影响较小。相干函数与测点的竖向间距密切相关,径向位置和射流风速对相干函数影响较小,地表粗糙度的增加会降低近地测点的相干性。基于试验数据,建立了稳态下击暴流竖向相干函数模型,实现了与试验风场较好的吻合。

放牧干扰下荒漠草原植物功能群数量特征与输沙量的关系

[目的]分析放牧干扰下草地群落及功能群数量特征变化与草地土壤风蚀间的关系,阐明草地不同功能群对草地侵蚀过程的影响,为荒漠草原合理放牧利用及保护提供理论依据。[方法]以内蒙古短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象,采取完全随机试验设计设置对照、中度和重度3个不同的放牧处理,对不同处理下的草地输沙量和功能群特征进行研究。[结果]①随放牧强度增加,各功能群内物种高度、盖度和地上生物量基本呈下降态势。适当放牧能显著提高Simpson优势度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数。②各放牧处理间的草地输沙量差异显著,不同输沙高度处的草地输沙量变化规律均为HG>MG>CK,同一放牧处理下,随输沙高度上升输沙率显著降低。③各功能群高度、盖度与输沙量均存在指数负相关关系,其中多年生禾草和多年生杂类草的高度变化对输沙量的影响更显著。各功能群的地上生物量与输沙量存在负相关指数关系,其中多年生禾草的生物量与输沙量的拟合程度最高。[结论]过度放牧会显著影响功能群特征并降低草地的防风固沙能力,建议放牧强度控制在中度及以下。

基于三次修正Jensen尾流模型的海上风电场布局优化

目前修正的Jensen尾流模型均没有同时修正尾流初始半径和尾流初始风速,无法准确预测海上风电场的实际尾流风速。基于二次修正Jensen尾流模型基础上,提出三次修正Jensen尾流模型,并通过海上风电场风洞实验数据验证该修正尾流模型的正确性。其次,考虑全尾流及部分尾流面积,将该三次修正Jensen尾流模型应用到海上风电场的布局优化中,以风力机的坐标及数量为优化变量,以度电成本为优化目标函数,并利用樽海鞘算法对海上风电场的风力机布局进行优化设计。优化结果表明:对比采用改进Jensen模型指导风电场布局,采用三次修正Jensen模型时,风电场的布局更加均匀;对比考虑全尾流的布局,当考虑部分尾流布局时,度电成本降低了2.16%。

通督调神针法治疗阴虚动风型脑梗死偏瘫疗效及对患者血清Hcy、CRP水平的影响

目的:探讨通督调神针法治疗阴虚动风型脑梗死偏瘫患者疗效及对患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的影响。方法:选取脑梗死偏瘫患者76例,1∶1随机分为观察组(西医治疗+通督调神针法)与对照组(常规西医治疗)各38例。持续治疗1个月后,评估两组临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后中医证候积分、血清炎症因子(Hcy、CRP)水平、运动功能[Fugl-Meyer评定量表(FMA)]、平衡功能[Berg平衡量表(BBS)]和移动功能[功能性步态评价表(FGA)]变化情况,并记录两组不良事件发生率。结果:观察组总有效率更高(P<0.05);观察组治疗后中医证候积分降低程度比对照组更明显(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后FMA、FGA和BBS评分升高水平均比对照组更明显(P<0.05),观察组治疗后Hcy、CRP水平下降程度均比对照组更明显(P<0.05)。治疗期间两组均无不良事件发生。结论:阴虚动风型脑梗死偏瘫患者应用通督调神针法联合常规西医治疗具有较好的增益效果,可有效提高临床疗效,缓解患者临床症状,提高运动、平衡和移动能力,降低炎症反应。

基于MVO算法与改进目标函数的电力系统负荷频率控制

针对风电并网时的随机波动功率、负荷频率控制(load frequency control, LFC)系统参数变化所引起的电力系统频率稳定问题,提出了一种基于智能优化算法与改进目标函数的互联电网LFC系统最优PID控制器设计方法。首先,分析了基于PID控制的含风电互联电力系统LFC闭环模型。其次,在时间乘误差绝对值积分(integral of time multiplied absolute error, ITAE)性能指标的目标函数中考虑了区域控制器的输出信号偏差,对优化目标函数进行改进。采用性能优良的多元宇宙优化(multi-verse optimizer, MVO)算法先计算后验证的思路,寻优获得最优PID控制器参数。最后,以两区域4机组互联电力LFC系统为例,仿真验证了基于MVO算法结合改进目标函数所获得的PID控制器,比基于MVO算法所获得的PID控制器,对阶跃负荷扰动、随机负荷扰动、风电功率偏差扰动以及系统的参数变化,具有相对较好的鲁棒性能。并且,对控制器参数也具有相对较好的非脆弱性指标。

基于World Wind三维可视化平台的设计与实现

文中将Web技术与World Wind开源软件结合起来,通过三维建模技术和三维GIS技术开发设计一个具有交互功能的Web三维可视化平台。该平台采用B/S架构,应用空间数据库PostgreSQL储存管理三维数据和二维属性数据,使用Web World Wind软件实现三维数据的显示,开发完成了模型加载、空间量测、模型搜索、属性显示、飞行漫游和二三维联动等功能。利用该平台用户只需使用浏览器就能访问查看场景的三维效果,从而达到三维可视化目的。

用于矿井通风网络解算的通风机风压性能曲线自动识别方法

从通风机性能曲线图像中采样并识别风压性能曲线,进而拟合出风压性能函数是矿井通风网络解算的关键技术。目前常用人工方式识别风压性能曲线,效率低且准确性不高。提出一种基于图像处理技术的通风机风压性能曲线自动识别方法。采用双边滤波、图像锐化和二值化技术对原始通风机风压性能曲线图像进行预处理,以提高图像质量。分别基于腐蚀算法、轮廓检测算法提取通风机性能曲线图像中的网格线和坐标文字,采用逻辑运算、中值滤波、轮廓检测和K3M算法提取风压性能曲线。以逐行像素识别方式识别风压性能曲线的像素坐标,采用模板匹配算法识别坐标数字,进而完成像素坐标到物理坐标的转换,实现风压性能曲线识别。将通风机风压性能曲线自动识别方法集成至通风网络解算软件,对通风机风压性能曲线进行识别试验,结果表明,该方法对单条风压性能曲线的采样速度为24 Samples/s,识别的风压性能曲线与原始曲线的重合度高,风压拟合值与原始值的最大误差仅为0.88%,较人工识别方法大大提高了通风网络解算效率和准确性。

基于WorldWind的移民信息系统设计与应用

为了解决水利移民工程中数据量大、管理难、表现效果不佳以及难以支持决策等问题,设计并开发了基于三维地理信息系统World Wind的移民信息系统。对移民信息系统的体系结构与功能模块进行设计,基于WorldWind组件对系统进行开发,实现数字高程模型(DEM)及影像数据的划分、存储、组织与调度,在此基础上对移民信息进行集成与应用。实例表明,该系统具有较好的扩展性和三维效果。