The phenomenon called “flashover” or “eruptive fire” in forest fires is characterized by a sudden change in fire behavior: everything seems to burst into flames instantly and firefighters are overwhelmed by a sort...The phenomenon called “flashover” or “eruptive fire” in forest fires is characterized by a sudden change in fire behavior: everything seems to burst into flames instantly and firefighters are overwhelmed by a sort of eruption, spreading at a speed at far several meters per second. Unfortunately it has cost several lives in the past. The reasons for such an accident always create controversy in the research field. Different theories are highlighted and especially two major axes are currently subject to discussion because they are very popular among people involved in fire-fighting. The one with regard to VOCs emissions is the best-known among firemen. Under great heat, during summer or with a fire approaching, plants emit VOCs and the more the temperature grows, the more the amount of VOCs emitted grows. Under specific conditions (essentially topographical, meteorological and atmospheric), the cloud of gas can accumulate in an appropriate zone. The concentration of VOCs may therefore reach the Lower Explosive Limit, triggering the burst of the cloud when in contact with the fire. The second theory depends on physical considerations. An example is based on a convective flow created by the fire itself. When a fire spreads on a slope, it creates an aspiration phenomenon in a way to supply the fire with oxygen. The more this phenomenon is important, the more the flames tilt and increase the rate of speed, needing even more oxygen and thus induced flow. This vicious circle can stabilize or have an erratic behavior to trigger off a fire eruption. This article presents these two theories, and especially the new advances on this research subject.展开更多
在系统阐述开孔结构的内压瞬态波动理论及屋面结构风振响应问题的基础上,对开孔瞬间的脉冲内压、气流稳定后屋盖结构所受的最大净风压进行了估算;同时讨论了内压作用下的屋盖响应特性。研究表明,建筑物突然开孔时的内压脉冲对结构安全...在系统阐述开孔结构的内压瞬态波动理论及屋面结构风振响应问题的基础上,对开孔瞬间的脉冲内压、气流稳定后屋盖结构所受的最大净风压进行了估算;同时讨论了内压作用下的屋盖响应特性。研究表明,建筑物突然开孔时的内压脉冲对结构安全威胁很大,对于已经存在开孔的结构的屋盖由于受到内外压的共同作用要比开孔前承受更大的风荷载,从而解释了台风或者飓风期间建筑物门窗突然破坏时容易进一步造成屋盖破坏的现象。屋盖响应分析结果表明,当开孔结构的H e lm ho ltz频率、弹性屋盖的固有频率以及来流中所包含的涡脱落频率,三者接近时,屋盖将发生较大的共振。展开更多
文摘The phenomenon called “flashover” or “eruptive fire” in forest fires is characterized by a sudden change in fire behavior: everything seems to burst into flames instantly and firefighters are overwhelmed by a sort of eruption, spreading at a speed at far several meters per second. Unfortunately it has cost several lives in the past. The reasons for such an accident always create controversy in the research field. Different theories are highlighted and especially two major axes are currently subject to discussion because they are very popular among people involved in fire-fighting. The one with regard to VOCs emissions is the best-known among firemen. Under great heat, during summer or with a fire approaching, plants emit VOCs and the more the temperature grows, the more the amount of VOCs emitted grows. Under specific conditions (essentially topographical, meteorological and atmospheric), the cloud of gas can accumulate in an appropriate zone. The concentration of VOCs may therefore reach the Lower Explosive Limit, triggering the burst of the cloud when in contact with the fire. The second theory depends on physical considerations. An example is based on a convective flow created by the fire itself. When a fire spreads on a slope, it creates an aspiration phenomenon in a way to supply the fire with oxygen. The more this phenomenon is important, the more the flames tilt and increase the rate of speed, needing even more oxygen and thus induced flow. This vicious circle can stabilize or have an erratic behavior to trigger off a fire eruption. This article presents these two theories, and especially the new advances on this research subject.
文摘在系统阐述开孔结构的内压瞬态波动理论及屋面结构风振响应问题的基础上,对开孔瞬间的脉冲内压、气流稳定后屋盖结构所受的最大净风压进行了估算;同时讨论了内压作用下的屋盖响应特性。研究表明,建筑物突然开孔时的内压脉冲对结构安全威胁很大,对于已经存在开孔的结构的屋盖由于受到内外压的共同作用要比开孔前承受更大的风荷载,从而解释了台风或者飓风期间建筑物门窗突然破坏时容易进一步造成屋盖破坏的现象。屋盖响应分析结果表明,当开孔结构的H e lm ho ltz频率、弹性屋盖的固有频率以及来流中所包含的涡脱落频率,三者接近时,屋盖将发生较大的共振。
