The effects of constant wind shear on atmospheric gravity wave spectrum are examined.At first a three- dimensional equilibrium spectral model of gravity waves is established in which wind shear rate β is implicit. Ba...The effects of constant wind shear on atmospheric gravity wave spectrum are examined.At first a three- dimensional equilibrium spectral model of gravity waves is established in which wind shear rate β is implicit. Based on this model,the expressions for one-dimensional frequency spectrum of atmospheric gravity waves are derived in which β is explicit.Numerical results show that (1) if we assume that mean wind U(z)=βz (z represents the altitude) and the internal gravity wave spectrum at the altitude of U=0 (that is,z=0) is VanZandt one,then the effect of Doppler shifting due to mean wind may be ignored;(2) when Richardson number J(J=N^2/β~2,N is Brunt-V(?)is(?)l(?) frequency,and is equal to 10^(-2)s^(-1) in this paper) satisfies J≥10.0,the effects ofwind shear arealso ignored;(3)for f^2(?)ω~2(?)N^2 (f is the inertia frequency,and f=10^(-4)s^(-1) in this paper,and co is the observed frequency),the wind shear only affects the spectral amplitude,and does not alter the spectral shape;and (4) as wind shear becomes strong,a part of wave potential energy turns into wave kinetic one,and a part of the vertical kinetic energy further turns into the horizontal one.展开更多
To analyze wind-induced response characteristics of a wind turbine tower more accurately, the blade-tower coupling effect was investigated. The mean wind velocity of the rotating blades and tower was simulated accordi...To analyze wind-induced response characteristics of a wind turbine tower more accurately, the blade-tower coupling effect was investigated. The mean wind velocity of the rotating blades and tower was simulated according to wind shear effects, and the fluctuating wind velocity time series of the wind turbine were simulated by a harmony superposition method. A dynamic finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate the wind-induced response of the blades and tower. Wind-induced responses of the tower were calculated in two cases (one included the blade-tower coupling effect, and the other only added the mass of blades and the hub at the top of the tower), and then the maximal displacements at the top of the tower of the tow cases were compared with each other. As a result of the influence of the blade-tower coupling effect and the total base shear of the blades, the maximal displacement of the first case increased nearly by 300% compared to the second case. To obtain more precise analysis, the blade-tower coupling effect and the total base shear of the blades should be considered simultaneously in the design of wind turbine towers.展开更多
利用常规高空和地面观测资料、FY-2E卫星云图资料、多普勒天气雷达及地面加密气象站资料,对2014年7月1日发生在陕西渭南的一次强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明:本次强对流天气过程是在500 h Pa长波调整过程中,冷空气不断从切断低压底...利用常规高空和地面观测资料、FY-2E卫星云图资料、多普勒天气雷达及地面加密气象站资料,对2014年7月1日发生在陕西渭南的一次强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明:本次强对流天气过程是在500 h Pa长波调整过程中,冷空气不断从切断低压底部扩散南下,与中纬度中尺度切变线相互作用所致;垂直温度梯度大对渭南市强对流天气有较好的潜势预报意义;地形作用导致中低层风向垂直切变增强和地面小尺度辐合线形成。其中,垂直风切变的增强致使中层干空气卷入对流云团中,新鲜空气补充了云凝结核源,经过渭河之后,近地面气温升高、相对湿度增大,有利于冰雹转成短时暴雨。地面小尺度辐合线触发了不稳定能量进一步释放;强的垂直风切变和低层辐合共同作用,使对流云团增强,降雨强度增大。展开更多
文摘The effects of constant wind shear on atmospheric gravity wave spectrum are examined.At first a three- dimensional equilibrium spectral model of gravity waves is established in which wind shear rate β is implicit. Based on this model,the expressions for one-dimensional frequency spectrum of atmospheric gravity waves are derived in which β is explicit.Numerical results show that (1) if we assume that mean wind U(z)=βz (z represents the altitude) and the internal gravity wave spectrum at the altitude of U=0 (that is,z=0) is VanZandt one,then the effect of Doppler shifting due to mean wind may be ignored;(2) when Richardson number J(J=N^2/β~2,N is Brunt-V(?)is(?)l(?) frequency,and is equal to 10^(-2)s^(-1) in this paper) satisfies J≥10.0,the effects ofwind shear arealso ignored;(3)for f^2(?)ω~2(?)N^2 (f is the inertia frequency,and f=10^(-4)s^(-1) in this paper,and co is the observed frequency),the wind shear only affects the spectral amplitude,and does not alter the spectral shape;and (4) as wind shear becomes strong,a part of wave potential energy turns into wave kinetic one,and a part of the vertical kinetic energy further turns into the horizontal one.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50708015)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-06-0270), China
文摘To analyze wind-induced response characteristics of a wind turbine tower more accurately, the blade-tower coupling effect was investigated. The mean wind velocity of the rotating blades and tower was simulated according to wind shear effects, and the fluctuating wind velocity time series of the wind turbine were simulated by a harmony superposition method. A dynamic finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate the wind-induced response of the blades and tower. Wind-induced responses of the tower were calculated in two cases (one included the blade-tower coupling effect, and the other only added the mass of blades and the hub at the top of the tower), and then the maximal displacements at the top of the tower of the tow cases were compared with each other. As a result of the influence of the blade-tower coupling effect and the total base shear of the blades, the maximal displacement of the first case increased nearly by 300% compared to the second case. To obtain more precise analysis, the blade-tower coupling effect and the total base shear of the blades should be considered simultaneously in the design of wind turbine towers.
文摘利用常规高空和地面观测资料、FY-2E卫星云图资料、多普勒天气雷达及地面加密气象站资料,对2014年7月1日发生在陕西渭南的一次强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明:本次强对流天气过程是在500 h Pa长波调整过程中,冷空气不断从切断低压底部扩散南下,与中纬度中尺度切变线相互作用所致;垂直温度梯度大对渭南市强对流天气有较好的潜势预报意义;地形作用导致中低层风向垂直切变增强和地面小尺度辐合线形成。其中,垂直风切变的增强致使中层干空气卷入对流云团中,新鲜空气补充了云凝结核源,经过渭河之后,近地面气温升高、相对湿度增大,有利于冰雹转成短时暴雨。地面小尺度辐合线触发了不稳定能量进一步释放;强的垂直风切变和低层辐合共同作用,使对流云团增强,降雨强度增大。
