Non-stationary Buffeting Response Analysis of Long Span Suspension Bridge Under Strong Wind Loading

The non-stationary buffeting response of long span suspension bridge in time domain under strong wind loading is computed. Modeling method for generating non-stationary fluctuating winds with probabilistic model for non-stationary strong wind fields is first presented. Non-stationary wind forces induced by strong winds on bridge deck and tower are then given a brief introduction. Finally,Non-stationary buffeting response of Pulite Bridge in China,a long span suspension bridge,is computed by using ANSYS software under four working conditions with different combination of time-varying mean wind and time-varying variance. The case study further confirms that it is necessity of considering non-stationary buffeting response for long span suspension bridge under strong wind loading,rather than only stationary buffeting response.

Loads Analysis of Flanges of a Transonic and Supersonic Wind Tunnel Wide Angle Diffuser

Compared with general circular flanges, flanges on conical shells have different configurations. In the Chinese national code GBISO, however, there are no related contents about flange design of this kind of type. So, it needs to study loads of flanges of this kind of type. This paper takes the flange connection of a wide angle diffuser in a transonic and supersonic wind tunnel as the background, according to the principles of flange design in Chinese national code GB150, combining the characteristics of flanges of a wide angle diffuser, the loads of flanges have been analyzed, and the equations of loads and their locations have been presented.

Simulating the Stress-Strain Response of Building under Oscillating Wind Conditions

Wind load is one of the main lateral control loads that need to be considered in the design of high-rise building structures. It is also of great engineering significance to study the influence of static wind load or time-varying wind load on the dynamic response of structures. In this paper, a high-rise building with a rectangular section (46.8 m × 27 m × 33 m) is simulated based on Ansys18.0 APDL software. The real situation of its response under no lateral wind load and different fluctuating wind load conditions is simulated and the stress and strain response of the building under steady-state and time-varying wind load is given. The results show that the upper strain of the structure under wind load is about 1/1000 of the bottom strain, and the strain of the structure shows obvious accumulation from the top to the bottom, that is, the bottom strain of the building will be higher than the top strain. The influence of time-varying wind load on building structure is related to the loading position of wind load on the structure. The results provide a basis for the structural wind resistance design of this type of building.

Load Distribution Research on Pitch Bearing of Wind Turbine Generators

变桨轴承是风电机组传动与控制系统的关键部件，安装形式特殊且承受复杂的轴向、径向力和倾覆力矩等交变载荷。文中基于经典的赫兹弹性接触理论，建立了刚性套圈承受多向力和倾覆力矩的双排四点接触球变桨轴承的力学模型。在此基础上，应用弹性等理论研究套圈变形对轴承载荷分布的影响，推导轴承外载荷和滚动体接触力等载荷作用下转盘轴承内、外套圈的弯曲变形方程，联立非线性超越方程组给出了四点接触球转盘轴承分布载荷的求解方法。以某型号变桨轴承为例，分别采用刚性和柔性套圈2种模型对轴承载荷分布进行了计算和对比分析。结果表明2种模型下轴承载荷分布有显著区别，柔性套圈模型下的承载区间减小，载荷分布更加均匀，滚动体的承载能力有很大的提升。相关力学问题的研究可为变桨轴承结构设计提供必要的理论依据。

A More Precise Computation of Along Wind Dynamic Response Analysis for Tall Buildings Built in Urban Areas

Modern tall buildings are generally built in urban areas, where value of the terrain roughness length is much greater than that of the general terrain areas, therefore wind-induced vibrations become more pronounced. The present formulas of numerical analysis of wind-induced response become less accurate. A more accurate expression of along-wind load spectrum matrix is proposed. On the basis of the expression, structural analysis formula of along-wind displacement and acceleration response are developed and programmed. The rationality of these formulas are illustrated in examples.

Assessment of natural frequency of installed offshore wind turbines using nonlinear finite element model considering soil-monopile interaction

A nonlinear finite element model is developed to examine the lateral behaviors of monopiles, which support offshore wind turbines(OWTs) chosen from five different offshore wind farms in Europe. The simulation is using this model to accurately estimate the natural frequency of these slender structures, as a function of the interaction of the foundations with the subsoil. After a brief introduction to the wind power energy as a reliable alternative in comparison to fossil fuel, the paper focuses on concept of natural frequency as a primary indicator in designing the foundations of OWTs. Then the range of natural frequencies is provided for a safe design purpose. Next, an analytical expression of an OWT natural frequency is presented as a function of soil-monopile interaction through monopile head springs characterized by lateral stiffness KL, rotational stiffness KRand cross-coupling stiffness KLRof which the differences are discussed. The nonlinear pseudo three-dimensional finite element vertical slices model has been used to analyze the lateral behaviors of monopiles supporting the OWTs of different wind farm sites considered. Through the monopiles head movements(displacements and rotations), the values of KL, KRand KLRwere obtained and substituted in the analytical expression of natural frequency for comparison. The comparison results between computed and measured natural frequencies showed an excellent agreement for most cases. This confirms the convenience of the finite element model used for the accurate estimation of the monopile head stiffness.

Advanced aerostatic analysis of long-span suspension bridges

As the span length of suspension bridges increases, the diameter of cables and thus the wind load acting on them, the nonlinear wind-structure interaction and the wind speed spatial non-uniformity all increase consequently, which may have un-negligible influence on the aerostatic behavior of long-span suspension bridges. In this work, a method of advanced aerostatic analysis is presented firstly by considering the geometric nonlinearity, the nonlinear wind-structures and wind speed spatial non-uniformity. By taking the Runyang Bridge over the Yangtze River as example, effects of the nonlinear wind-structure inter-action, wind speed spatial non-uniformity, and the cable’s wind load on the aerostatic behavior of the bridge are investigated analytically. The results showed that these factors all have important influence on the aerostatic behavior, and should be considered in the aerostatic analysis of long and particularly super long-span suspension bridges.

The Transient Modal Dynamic Analysis of a Coke Tower

Dynamic analysis must be performed when the duration of the applied load is short or if the load is dynamic in nature. Wind load, as a random load, can lead to the vibration of the coke tower. In order to study the influence to the strength of the coke tower by wind, ABAQUS was used to conduct the transient modal dynamic analysis of the wind load. The response of the structure during loading and unloading was mainly observed. The results indicate that, with the effect of wind, the maximal nodal displacement appears at the top of the tower, which is 0.79 mm; while the maximal stress locates at the node around the skirt, the maximum is 3.26 MPa. Both of the displacement and stress cannot cause the failure of the structure. After loading and unloading, the structure engenders vibration along the loading direction. The frequency is 10 Hz, under the effect of external loads, it may easily cause the resonance of the structure, which can cause damage to the structure. So it must be taken into consideration during the process of design and operation.

考虑风电谐波影响与出力随机性的电力系统无功优化方法

电容器组等无功补偿装置的优化调整不仅可以减小电力系统网损,还会对电力系统的谐波潮流与谐波网损产生影响.风电不仅存在出力不确定性,而且会产生谐波污染,影响谐波潮流与谐波网损.然而,传统无功优化方法没有同时考虑风电的谐波特性与出力不确定性对谐波潮流和谐波网损的影响,可能导致谐波超标问题,不利于电力系统降低网损.因此,本文首先构建计及风电谐波影响的电力系统无功随机优化模型.该模型通过场景法对风电出力随机性进行建模,目标函数同时考虑基波和谐波网损,约束条件包括基波和谐波潮流约束、电压谐波总畸变率约束等.然后,针对该谐波约束的无功随机优化模型,本文提出了融合驱动力可调粒子群算法和全连接型深度神经网络的高效求解方法 .最后,通过三个修改后的IEEE测试系统对所提模型与方法的有效性进行了验证.

基于二维动态减载和双层MPC的风储联合调频与功率优化分配

风机可以通过减载控制提供调频备用功率,但存在弃风量大的问题。为此,结合储能装置,设计了考虑风速分区与储能荷电状态(SOC)的二维动态减载策略,在提供充足调频备用功率的同时减小了弃风功率。在此基础上,结合双层模型预测控制(MPC)架构,提出了计及机组转矩波动的风储联合调频控制策略,上层MPC将风电场视作整体,通过协调风储出力提升调频效果;下层MPC通过风电场内的功率优化分配以抑制机组的转矩波动,保证调频性能的同时提高了机组运行稳定性。通过仿真分析验证了所提策略的有效性,结果表明该减载策略具有更高的风能利用率,且在调频过程中通过机组的功率优化分配减小了机组的转矩波动,提高了机组运行稳定性。

基于输入−状态联合估计的漂浮式风机塔架结构载荷反演及状态分析

[目的]旨在研究波浪作用下漂浮式风机塔架的结构载荷反演方法及动力响应状态。[方法]以半潜型风机为研究对象,通过时域仿真模拟测量数据,并且基于漂浮式风机的频域仿真模型计算塔架的质量归一化模态,将二者作为输入−状态联合估计(joint input-state estimation,JIS)算法的输入,对漂浮式风机塔架开展结构载荷反演以及实时状态分析。[结果]结果表明:基于JIS算法,以塔架节点的仿真数据作为算法的输入,估计的塔根载荷以及塔架节点响应与仿真结果具有良好的一致性,实现了高精度的反演。[结论]反演结果验证了JIS算法的有效性,可以用于漂浮式风机的实时状态分析,保障漂浮式风机长期安全稳定运行。

不同类风场雨滴冲击荷载对输变电塔线体系动力响应的影响研究

输变电塔体系遭受风雨耦合作用破坏时常将原因归于风荷载,忽略了雨荷载耦合激励的放大效应。针对某输电线路“一塔两线”体系模型,以数值方法模拟良态风雨场与湿下击暴流场的风雨时程荷载,分别对塔线体系进行动力响应分析,结果表明:降雨对输电塔线体系的响应,具有显著影响,随着雨强变大,塔线体系响应增大明显;在极值降雨条件下,湿下击暴流场塔顶位移增幅最大,在X向和Y向分别达到31.30%和33.93%;两种风雨场中塔顶位移及加速度功率谱密度均出现明显增幅,体系共振响应增强,塔身关键位置主材应力分别增大了11.64%、37.07%;在不同类风场中,强降雨时雨滴冲击对塔线体系产生的激励增大作用不可忽略。

海上移动平台直升机甲板圆管支撑结构安全评估

圆管支撑结构是海上移动式平台直升机甲板设计的重要部分,由于海上恶劣的风浪环境,使结构整体受风载荷的影响较大.现有直升机甲板圆管支撑结构的安全评估内容主要集中于圆管的静强度分析,缺乏风振响应分析,文中以海洋石油163平台直升机甲板为例,研究圆管支撑结构的静力和动力载荷输入,通过有限元强度分析和理论经验公式计算对比静力、风载荷作用下直升机甲板圆管支撑结构的受力情况,考虑风振涡激效应的准静态分析,在此基础上提出了直升机甲板圆管支撑结构的安全评估方法,探究了风载荷对结构整体安全的影响.

Analysis and finite element simulation for mechanical response of wheat to wind and rain loads

The morphological characteristics and stalk biomechanical properties at the dough stage of wheat were determined using the variety of wheat in the breeding process.Their mechanical responses to wind and rain loads for an individual and a group of wheat were simulated using finite element method by ANSYS.The stress and displacement of each finite element can be outputted through stress nephogram and displacement nephogram,respectively.In order to judge whether the wheat could return to its original position after deformation,elastic mechanics theory was utilized to analyze the critical load of instability under both axial rain load and transverse wind load.The large displacement situation was analyzed with large displacement elastic nonlinear theory and the numerical value was obtained by ANSYS.The results show that it is possible to apply various load types on models using ANSYS and the dynamic response can be simulated well under different rain and wind loads.The location of maximum Von Mises stress can be calculated and the variation of stress can be described clearly,which are helpful to predict the wheat lodging under wind and rain loads.

风力叶片自动合模装置双液压缸铰点位置设计

叶片模具是风力叶片制造的关键设备,当前风电叶片模具的开合主要有机械起重机吊装翻转和全自动液压翻转2种方式,采用机械行车提吊翻转过程不连续且精度较差,而现有的自动合模装置主要采用对称布置的2个液压缸,翻转过程中会碰到死点且对液压缸损害很大。针对上述问题,文中介绍了一种新型双液压缸风力叶片自动合模装置,描述了其结构和工作原理,并建立了该装置的几何模型,推导了翻转过程中液压系统主副液压缸力矩计算的数学模型,通过Matlab遗传算法工具箱对该自动合模装置双液压缸的铰点位置进行优化设计,使翻转过程中液压缸动力矩变化尽可能拟合负载的阻力矩,优化设计结果表明,通过该方法可以进一步优化该装置的结构尺寸,提高叶片合模的效率和精度。

浮式风机风载荷与浮式基础运动相互影响研究

本文定量研究浮式风机系统风载荷与浮式基础运动间的相互影响。建立了浮式风力机系统一体化耦合动力学分析模型,对比分析了风载荷对系缆力、浮式基础运动、机舱加速度的影响及浮式基础运动对叶片相对流速、叶片推力和发电功率的影响。结果表明,风载荷显著影响浮式基础纵荡/纵摇平均值,对其标准差影响较小;风载荷对系缆力的平均值和标准差都有一定影响,而机舱加速度受风载荷的影响并不大;浮式基础运动对叶片相对风速的标准差有显著影响,离轮毂越远位置的相对风速受基础运动影响越大,这导致浮式风机叶片推力和发电功率有很大波动。为保证平稳发电,对浮式风机控制设计时,需考虑浮式基础运动的影响。

矩形钢管混凝土束风机塔筒风振特性研究

随着风电资源优势区开发逐渐饱和,风电开发的重心开始向风资源条件相对恶劣的低风速地区转移,分布式、大功率、高塔筒和长叶片已经成为风电行业发展趋势。基于此提出了一种新型的矩形钢管混凝土束风机塔筒,该塔筒由矩形钢管混凝土束拼接而成,具有强度高、刚度大和耗能能力强的优点。为研究该塔筒结构的风振响应特性,选用Kaimal脉动风速功率谱,采用谐波合成法模拟风荷载时程曲线,对其进行了动力时程分析,并计算了风振系数及等效静力风荷载。结果表明:该新型塔筒在额定风速下位移塔顶位移最大值为911.84 mm,对应的水平位移角为1/154,符合规范要求。塔筒各构件的强度较好,且具有较大的安全富余度。基于位移等效的阵风荷载因子法计算得到的风振系数值较低;在惯性风荷载法计算得到的等效静力风荷载作用下,结构位移、基底剪力与结构随机振动分析得到的基本一致。

10MW海上浮式风机伺服控制系统设计及耦合动力特性研究

为支撑DTU 10 MW风力机,对5 MW无撑杆半潜浮式风力机支撑平台进行了放大设计,并对10 MW半潜浮式风机的伺服控制系统重新设计。其中,在额定风速以下实施转矩控制,以实现最大功率捕获;在额定风速以上,基于增益调度比例积分(GSPI)控制方法进行变桨控制系统设计,以保证浮式风机的安全运行。基于所设计的10 MW浮式风机伺服控制系统,采用“气动-水动-控制-弹性”全耦合模型对10 MW半潜式风机在恒定风和湍流风作用下的耦合动力特性进行了分析,验证了所设计控制系统的可靠性。研究发现,在伺服系统控制作用下,10 MW浮式风机的运动响应得到有效控制,湍流风对浮式风机的纵荡和纵摇激励作用明显,垂荡运动受到风载荷和波浪的共同激励。

计及典型控制的风电场调频能力量化评估及影响因素分析

为尽可能充分利用风电场支撑功率,避免资源浪费,有必要量化评估风电场的调频能力。然而,风电场调频能力缺乏定义且难以评估,运行参数及边界约束对支撑能力的影响机理不明。为此,定义了多时间尺度、多能量形式、多评估层次的指标,从而精准量化评估调频能力。基于所提评估指标,通过分析风电场运行参数对调频能力的作用机理,揭示了转速是低风速和低减载工况下的主要影响因素,而载荷与容量是高风速和高减载工况下的主要影响因素等结论。进一步,提出了基于非线性规划模型的方法对评估指标进行精确计算。最后,对四机两区域系统中下垂和减载控制下的单机聚合风电场进行了算例分析,验证了所提评估指标的合理性和评估方法的准确性,以及关键影响因素分析结论的正确性。

基于小波分析的输电线路单端故障定位方法

为精准判别输电线路单端故障的位置,提出基于小波分析的输电线路单端故障定位方法。联合零序电压与故障绕组系数,求解输电转矩指标的取值范围,完成对单端故障暂态特征量的计算。分别从连续小波变换、离散小波变换两方面来完善小波分析理论,获取故障暂态特征量指标的实际取值范围,并以此为基础,确定暂态定位参数的具体取值结果,实现对输电线路单端故障行为的全局定位。实验结果表明,小波分析理论作用下,单端故障节点处最大电压检测差值为5 V、最大电流检测差值为0.1 A,误差较小,符合精准判别输电线路故障的应用需求。