Design and Simulation for the Pulse High-Voltage DC Power Supply (HVPS) of 1.2 MW/2.45 GHz HT-7U Lower Hybrid Current Drive System

The superconducting tokamak HT-7U [1] has been designed by the Institute of Plasma Physics since 1998 and will be set up before 2003. The 1.2 MW /2.45 GHz HT-7U LHCD (Lower hybrid current drive) system which being the most efficient non-induction device can heat the plasma and drive the plasma current has been efficiently in operation 'owl and a particular design of the 2.8 MW/-35 kV high-voltage DC power supply has been already completed and will apply to the klystron of LHCD on HT-7 and the future HT-7U, and the project of the power supply has been examined and approved professionally by an authorized group of high-level specialist in the institute of Plasma Physics. The detailed design of the power supply and the simulation results are referred in the paper.

Study Hybrid Compensation Cophase Traction Power Supply System Schemes for High-Speed and Heavy Haul Electrical Railway with V Connection Transformer

In order to solve negative phase sequence problem of V connection transformer in the high speed and heavy haul electrical railway of China, the hybrid compensative co-phase traction power supply system which based on passive and active compensation is proposed. Firstly, There construction and capacity distribution are analyzed, and the compensation current of active equipment is gave;Second, the feature of the hybrid compensative schemes are discussed. In the end, the related simulation results have confirmed the effectiveness of the compensation schemes in this paper.

Hybrid Power Bank Deployment Model for Energy Supply Coverage Optimization in Industrial Wireless Sensor Network

Energy supply is one of the most critical challenges of wireless sensor networks(WSNs)and industrial wireless sensor networks(IWSNs).While research on coverage optimization problem(COP)centers on the network’s monitoring coverage,this research focuses on the power banks’energy supply coverage.The study of 2-D and 3-D spaces is typical in IWSN,with the realistic environment being more complex with obstacles(i.e.,machines).A 3-D surface is the field of interest(FOI)in this work with the established hybrid power bank deployment model for the energy supply COP optimization of IWSN.The hybrid power bank deployment model is highly adaptive and flexible for new or existing plants already using the IWSN system.The model improves the power supply to a more considerable extent with the least number of power bank deployments.The main innovation in this work is the utilization of a more practical surface model with obstacles and training while improving the convergence speed and quality of the heuristic algorithm.An overall probabilistic coverage rate analysis of every point on the FOI is provided,not limiting the scope to target points or areas.Bresenham’s algorithm is extended from 2-D to 3-D surface to enhance the probabilistic covering model for coverage measurement.A dynamic search strategy(DSS)is proposed to modify the artificial bee colony(ABC)and balance the exploration and exploitation ability for better convergence toward eliminating NP-hard deployment problems.Further,the cellular automata(CA)is utilized to enhance the convergence speed.The case study based on two typical FOI in the IWSN shows that the CA scheme effectively speeds up the optimization process.Comparative experiments are conducted on four benchmark functions to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the ABC and gbest-guided ABC(GABC)algorithms.The results show that the proposed energy coverage optimization method based on the hybrid power bank deployment model generates more accurate results than the results obtained by similar algorithms(i.e.,ABC,GABC).The proposed model is,therefore,effective and efficient for optimization in the IWSN.

Experiment and Operation of a LHCD-35kV/2.8MW/1000s High-Voltage Power Supply on HT-7 Tokamak

A -35 kV/2.8 MW/1000s high-voltage power supply (HVPS) for HT-7 superconducting tokamak has been built successfully. The HVPS is scheduled to run on a 2.45 GHz/1 MW lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) [1] system of HT-7 superconducting tokamak before the set-up of HT-7 superconducting tokamak in 2003. The HVPS has a series of advantages such as good steady and dynamic response, logical computer program controlling the HVPS without any fault, operational panel and experimental board for data acquisition, which both are grounded distinctively in a normative way to protect the main body of HVPS along with its attached equipments from dangers. Electric power cables and other control cables are disposed reasonably, to prevent signals from magnetic interference and ensure the precision of signal transfer.This paper involves the experiment and operation of a 35 kV/2.8 MW/1000s HVPS [2] for 2.45 GHz/1 MW LHCD system. The reliability and feasibility of the HVPS has been demonstrated in comparison with experimental results of original design and simulation data.

Design of Real Time Battery Management Unit for PV-Hybrid System by Application of Coulomb Counting Method

This paper presents a real-time battery management unit designed by applying the Coulomb counting method and intended for use in an integrated renewable energy system for PV-Hybrid power supply. Battery management is required to stabilize hybrid systems and extend battery lifetimes. The battery management unit is divided into three main stages. Firstly, analysis of the basic components of the battery type used in the system is considered. Secondly, the state of charge (SOC) estimation method and the deterioration factor of the battery are analyzed. Finally, the overall battery management system, including a computer-based measurement and control unit, is constructed. The control system displays real-time information through LabVIEW 8.5 by estimating the state of charge through various measurements. The system will issue alerts when malfunctions are detected, and the operator can analyze and react to the system in real time to stabilize the system and extend the battery lifetime.

新型混合式贯通牵引供电系统及其复合控制策略

电分相与负序等电能质量问题是制约电气化铁路向高速化、重载化发展的桎梏。贯通牵引供电系统为消弭上述问题提供了契机,但既有贯通方案依然存在所需器件数目多、改造成本高、可靠性差等弊端。为此,在充分利用既有牵引变压器基础上,该文设计一种新型混合式贯通牵引供电装置。该装置通过共直流侧与功率均分手段有效抵消输入侧纹波功率,降低有源/无源器件数目与电容容量。同时,针对直流侧二次纹波与负荷功率冲击,提出一种输入端口复合控制策略,有效解决纹波传递与冲击波动问题。最后通过仿真与实验验证所提装置及其控制策略的可行性与可靠性。

Design and Analysis of Sustainable Green Data Center with Hybrid Energy Sources

Development of renewable energy (RE) and mitigation of carbon dioxide, as the two largest climate action initiatives are the most challenging factors for new generation green data center (GDC). Reduction of conventional electricity consumption as well as cost of electricity (COE) with preferred quality of service (QoS) has been recognized as the interesting research topic in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. Moreover, it becomes challenging to design a large-scale sustainable GDC with standalone RE supply. This paper gives spotlight on hybrid energy supply solution for the GDC to reduce grid electricity usage and minimum net system cost. The proposed framework includes RE source such as solar photovoltaic, wind turbine and non-renewable energy sources as Disel Generator (DG) and Battery. A hybrid optimization model is designed using HOMER software for cost assessment and energy evaluation to validate the effectiveness of the suggested scheme focusing on eco-friendly implication.

考虑架构灵活重构的混合式贯通牵引供电装置应急管控与故障恢复策略

基于牵引变压器与两相交流输入至单相交流输出(两相-单相)变换单元的混合式贯通牵引供电系统(HATPSS)凭借其设备利用率高、改造成本低等优势而受到关注。然而,两相-单相变换单元作为系统中的薄弱环节,其任意端口故障会导致系统出现负序电流与功率缺失等问题,严重者将引发整个贯通系统失稳。此外,受HATPSS供电架构特殊性及其控制目标多样性的影响,传统牵引系统冗余备用方案与应急管控技术适用性差等问题突出。鉴于此,该文针对两相-单相变换单元的输入/输出端故障工况,综合考虑牵引站中既有设备应急管控潜能与两相-单相变换单元控制自由度的特点,分别提出面向HATPSS的应急管控与故障恢复策略。仅通过牵引变压器、联络开关、两相-单相变换单元等系统既有装置间的协同配合,实现在不同故障工况下HATPSS额定功率运行与负序电流抑制。最后,仿真与实验验证了在不同工况下该文所提应急管控策略的可行性与有效性。

电源类型对短电弧-电化学复合加工放电凹坑影响研究

放电凹坑大小影响着加工表面形貌的一致性,放电凹坑的凸起高度及凹坑表面的重铸层对加工表面质量有重要影响。文章基于短电弧-电化学复合加工方法,在直流与脉冲两种常用电源类型下对钛合金TC4进行单次放电实验,分析两种电源类型下的短电弧-电化学复合加工单次放电凹坑尺寸及影响规律;结合单次放电凹坑实验所采集到的波形与电弧放电过程仿真模型对电弧放电过程的等离子体放电通道变化进行研究。研究结果发现,直流与脉冲放电凹坑的尺寸与影响规律差异与电弧的断弧方式有关,不同的断弧方式对等离子体放电通道产生影响,直流电弧倾向于通过流体介质运动和极间距离改变进行断弧,而脉冲电弧通过脉冲后沿电压变化和极间距离改变进行熄弧。这两种断弧方式不仅影响了凹坑的尺寸形貌,也影响了断弧后的电化学腐蚀效果。

石墨舟清洁等离子电源设计与控制

针对现有的石墨舟清洁等离子体电源控制系统动态响应不及时,无法适应大功率调节范围和系统稳定性差的问题,提出了一种等离子体电源设计与控制方法,根据等离子电源的工作原理与负载特性,通过PFM&PSPWM混合调制的控制策略,改变执行频率和移相角,实现了对于多种等离子负载宽功率范围的适应性和全桥逆变的软开关,提高了系统的适应性和稳定性。基于TMS280049研制样机验证了方案的可行性,表明本设计具有实际应用价值。

基于光伏充电的低压混合式断路器设计及仿真

直流断路器是实现直流系统电流故障清除和隔离的关键设备。基于人工过零点的直流断路器熄弧时刻具有不确定性,且换流电容需要更换辅助电源,降低断路器可靠性,增加维护成本。为此,在传统直流断路器基础上,提出了一种基于光伏充电的混合式直流断路器拓扑结构设计方案。该方案在断路器过零点未熄弧时闭锁IGBT开关,加速电弧熄灭,并设计光伏储能供电系统为换流电容预充电能,以保障断路器持续运行。同时对所提断路器的拓扑结构、开断时序、拓扑参数进行了设计,基于MATLAB/Simulink实验平台建立了150 V混合式直流断路器模型,讨论IGBT开关器件闭锁时刻及电阻电容二极管(resistance-capacitance diode,RCD)缓冲电路对断路器开断的影响。在此基础上,通过仿真实验分析了正常和短路工况下断路器开断过程,验证了所提方案的可行性。

燃料电池-锂电池混合供电系统的无源控制策略及参数设计方法

多源混合供电技术可有效地利用不同供电单元性能,在电气化交通系统中得到广泛应用。然而,随着越来越多的恒功率特性及强脉动特性负载接入供电系统,系统的稳定性难以得到保证。针对传统线性控制方法难以保证系统的大信号稳定性,而现有非线性控制的研究仍缺乏兼顾稳定性和动态性能的控制参数设计方法的问题,该文对燃料电池-锂电池混合供电系统设计基于无源控制和扩张高增益状态观测器的复合控制方法,并对控制器和观测器参数进行了设计,有效地保证了系统的动静态性能。在实验室搭建一套额定功率为3 kW的燃料电池-锂电池混合供电系统实验平台进行测试,结果验证了所提控制策略和参数设计方法的有效性和正确性。

一种厚膜混合集成星载二次电源设计

针对星载雷达配套二次电源高功率、高效率、小型化的需求,提出一种二次电源设计方案。详细介绍电路设计方案和工艺设计方案,在电源模块内集成功率变换、电涌抑制、电磁干扰(EMI)滤波、保护等多种功能电路,工艺上以厚膜混合集成微组装工艺为基础,结构上采用双层组装结构设计,并进行仿真分析。最后研制样机并进行测试。经过测试验证,所设计的二次电源相比传统电源,体积缩减了85%、重量减轻了74%,可以为星载雷达配套二次电源提供小型化、轻量化的解决方案。

基站叠光系统故障诊断方法

叠光技术已在通信基站开展规模应用,但由于基站位置分布分散,光伏设备对维护人员专业技能要求较高,基站叠光系统定期巡检上站成本高、维护难度大。在调研基站叠光系统常见故障类型的基础上,开展基站实地故障模拟试验,建立基站叠光系统典型故障特征模型,提出同站址光伏组件之间发电数据横向比较、历史发电数据纵向比较的故障诊断方法。利用现网叠光基站发电数据进行算法验证,其中周期性固定物阴影遮挡诊断正确率达到88%。该方法可以有效定位基站叠光系统故障光伏组件和故障原因,降低定期上站巡检成本和维护人员技能要求,提高了运营维护效率,具有良好应用前景。

Hybrid Power Supply System with Fuzzy Logic Controller: Power Control Algorithm, Main Properties, and Applications

This paper presents a novel power supply system based on the use of fuzzy inference logic to improve the power control of renewable energy sources.The system comprises renewable solar and wind sources,and an accumulator battery is used as an additional power source.The procedure for the parallel connection of multiple energy sources provides a stable power supply and optimal charging of the accumulative element.Renewable energy sources are connected in parallel using two serial converters and controlled by the controller based on the fuzzy logic.The reference voltage control of the serial converter enables an optimal use of available energy sources.The accumulative element is connected in parallel to compensate for the shortage of solar and wind energies,whereas if the available renewable energy exceeds the needs of the consumers,the surplus energy is accumulated in the battery.All measurements are conducted on the prototype of the hybrid power system under real conditions and compared with the applied systems of this type.This novel system is mainly used in remote telecom locations where there is no power distribution network.

增程式汽车12V DC/DC变换器输出熔断丝熔断问题分析及改进

增程式汽车作为当代传统燃油车向纯电动汽车过渡的车型,在汽车发展中占据着重要地位。DC/DC变换器作为增程式汽车的关键零部件之一,起着至关重要的作用。它将高压电池包输出的高压电转换为合适的电压,为整车及蓄电池供电,确保整车用电器正常用电需求的同时,保证低压蓄电池处于满电状态,是整车供电系统中不可或缺的一环。文章结合某增程式汽车DC/DC变换器输出熔断丝熔断导致蓄电池馈电的问题,进行深入排查,并确认问题发生的根本原因,进而提出优化改进方案,对提高增程式汽车供电系统的可靠性具有重要意义。

重频速射电磁发射用混合储能系统控制策略

面向重频快速电磁发射的应用需求,针对其对混合储能系统初级储能向次级储能超高频率充电的难题,提出了一种基于“超级电容-脉冲电容”的新型混合储能系统,与现有“蓄电池-脉冲电容”混合储能相比,该系统具有快速充电和长寿命的优势。首先,在介绍该储能系统基本电路结构和原理的基础上,结合时序串联充电方式推导了其内部能量转移过程的理论模型;然后,基于Matlab仿真平台搭建系统仿真模型,给出了时序串联充电控制策略,以及充电电压和电流波形,并定量分析了回路阻抗对充电波形的影响。仿真结果表明:所提出的基于“超级电容-脉冲电容”的混合储能系统可实现数十发/分的射速,可为重频速射电磁发射的应用提供有效的能源供给方案,且该混合储能系统基于时序串联控制可实现对电磁发射脉冲电源电压的精准控制。

混合动力船舶能量管理优化技术及趋势

为了在全球生态保护意识提升和能源安全需求上升的大环境中,有效减少船舶行业碳排放,以缓解转型压力。通过剖析混合动力船舶的能量管理系统优化技术,包括储能装置设计、能量控制系统开发,以及动力系统集成和操作策略;并强调了智能能量管理策略在储能系统优化、能量转换与传输控制以及实时监测和预测方面的应用。然后评价了多种储能装置对船舶性能的作用,并根据化学、物理、电磁储能技术的独特属性进行综合运用。进一步通过案例分析验证了混合动力系统在直流与交流电网应用的可行性,证明了动力配置的优化和系统结构设计的效果。研究结果显示,储能装置能有效平衡能量波动、提高能效,并在紧急状态下充当备用电源,从而提升了系统的稳定性和安全性,同时也可证实混合动力船舶及其能量管理技术的广泛应用前景。

基于YNd变压器-多端口变换器的铁路混合储能系统功率调控策略

为提升电力机车制动产生的大量再生制动能量的回收利用率,同时兼顾补偿单相牵引供电系统在电网中引起的电压不平衡问题,本文提出了一种基于YNd变压器-多端口变换器的铁路混合储能系统(YNd-multiport converter based railway hybrid energy storage system,YNd-MC-RHESS)。首先,分析了YNd-MC-RHESS的工作原理及其工作模式。其次,以提高再生制动能量的利用率为主要目标,基于非线性电流控制,提出了多端口变换器的功率优化调控策略,在交流/直流(AC/DC)变换器中引入非线性控制,提升了多端口变换器的响应速度与混合储能的能量分配效率。最后,基于典型工况,通过半实物动态模拟验证了所提控制策略可以调度功率在不同端口间按需转移,同时不同介质储能功率可合理分配与存储释放。实验结果表明,混合储能装置投入后,再生制动能量的利用率为93.67%,实现了再生制动能量的高效利用。

混合MMC无源供电系统的自取能预充电策略研究

由于桥臂中全桥子模块的使用,混合型模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的预充电启动策略与传统MMC有很大的不同。基于此,文中针对面向无源供电的两端混合MMC送电系统,提出了一种基于交、直流辅助电阻的子模块自取能预充电策略。该策略的特点在于,综合考虑了基于混合MMC的两端直流系统预充电时直流侧电压的变化,有效利用了混合MMC所具有的直流电流阻断功能,通过交、直流侧辅助电阻的合理配合解决了混合MMC预充电时的电流冲击,使得无源侧混合MMC的预充电时长明显缩短,预充电期间同类子模块的电容电压基本保持一致,有效避免了“黑模块”与旁路模块的产生,降低了混合MMC的启动控制难度。基于MATLAB/Simulink的仿真平台,验证了文中所提策略的正确性与有效性。