乌兰布和沙漠不同下垫面风沙流结构与变异特征

对乌兰布和沙漠流动、半固定、固定沙丘3种不同下垫面0—40cm气流层内的风沙流结构的研究表明:(1)0—40cm高度层,输沙量随风速的增加而增加;在不同的风速下,流动沙丘的总输沙量大于半固定沙丘,半固定沙丘的输沙量大于固定沙丘,且呈指数函数关系。(2)在同一风速下,0—40cm高度层,三种不同下垫面的相对输沙量随高度的增加呈幂函数递减趋势。(3)随高度的增加,中沙粒基本呈递减趋势,细沙粒呈现递增趋势,但增幅因下垫面的不同而异。(4)三种不同下垫面近地表0—10cm层风沙流结构特征数S值均小于3.8,而特征值λ均大于1,表明三种下垫面均处于风蚀或搬运状态。

Investigations on Several Mechanical Problems in Windblown Sand Movement

It is very necessary for investigation on mechanism of windblown sand movement to understand and find out effective measures of preventing and reducing windblown sand. This also deals with some general features and hot spots in the scientific forelands, such as multi-scale problems, interactions among multi-physical-fields, randomness and non-linearity as well as complex systems. In recent years, a series of experiments in wind tunnels and theoretical modeling as well as computer simulation have been taken by our research group (the Laboratory of Environmental Mechanics on Windblown Sand Movement in Lanzhou University) in a cross-disciplinary (mechanics and geography) viewpoint. Several original and essential studies were explored such as the main regularities of charges on sand particles, the mechanisms of electric field in windblown sand flux, the effects induced by the electric field on the flux, the microwave propagations, the evolution process of windblown sand flux under mutual couple interactions among several physical fields, and the simulation of the main features of Aeolian sand ripples.

Investigations on Several Mechanical Problems in Windblown Sand Movement

It is very necessary for the investigation on mechanism of windblown sand movement to under- stand and find out effective measures of preventing and reducing danger of windblown sands,which al- so deals with some general characters and hot spots in the scientific forelands,such as multi-scale prob- lems,interactions among multi-physical-fields,ran- domness and nonlinearity as well as complex sys- tems.In recent years,a series of experiments in wind tunnels and theoretical modeling as well as computer simulation have been undertaken in the re- search group of environmental mechanics on wind- blown sand movement in Lanzhou University with the point of mechanical and geography intersecting view.Some original and essential progress has been achieved, which includes that the main regu- larities of charges on sand particles and the electric field in windblown sand flux and the effect of the electric field on the flux and the microwave propaga- tion are revealed,and the evolution process of windblown sand flux under the mutual couple inter- actions among several physical fields are predicted as well as the main features of Aeolian sand ripples are simulated.

风沙运动中的若干力学问题研究

风沙运动机理研究是认识风沙灾害本质进而实现有效防治的基础,所涉及的诸如多尺度、多场耦合、随机性、非线性、尺度效应和复杂系统等科学问题也是科学前沿所关注的共性和热点课题。近：年来兰州大学风沙环境力学研究组从力学和地学的学科交叉角度,通过风洞实验、理论建模和计算机模拟研究,揭示了风沙流中沙粒带电量和风沙电场的基本规律及其对风沙流和无线电通讯的影响,实现了对考虑多物理场耦合作用的风沙流发展过程的理论预测以及对风成沙波纹主要特征的计算机模拟,取得一些具有原创性的实质进展。

碰撞激起沙粒的起跳初速度分布函数

本文根据已有粒/床碰撞研究得出的基本定性结论以及组合论的基本原理,给出了风沙流中碰撞激起沙粒的起跳初速度分布函数,该函数服从瑞利分布的形式。以这一起跳初速度分布函数为基础建立风沙耦合跃移运动的基本模型,计算了单宽输沙率等风沙运动机理研究中普遍关心的物理量。将计算结果和已有实验结果对比分析表明,本文给出的起跳初速度分布函数是科学的,这对风沙流中沙粒起跳初速度分布函数给出了一个定性的认识。