风电变流器DC-Link电容器准在线状态监测方法

DC-Link电容是风电变流器中最核心但又最易失效的元件之一,对其进行状态监测可有效提高系统运行的可靠性。该文提出一种风电变流器DC-Link电容器准在线状态监测方法。首先,利用预充电阶段的交流电流重构DC-Link电容器的直流充电电流;采用二阶指数函数对电容器在预充电阶段的电压和电流波形进行精确拟合;取拟合函数的参数作为特征值,将实测的电容器状态参数(C和RESR)作为特征值对应的输出,并通过实验获得的样本数据,构建特征值与其输出的映射关系;最后利用多输出最小二乘支持向量回归算法对数据集合进行学习训练,建立特征值与电容器状态参数的回归模型。该方法无需增加额外传感器和改变变流器控制算法。实验结果验证了本方法的有效性。

On the apparent line-of-sight alignment of the peak X-ray intensity of the magnetosheath and the tangent to the magnetopause,as viewed by SMILE-SXI

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on board the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)spacecraft will be able to view the Earth’s magnetosheath in soft X-rays.Simulated images of the X-ray emission visible from the position of SMILE are created for a range of solar wind densities by using 3 years of the SMILE mission orbit,together with models of the expected X-ray emissivity from the Earth’s magnetosheath.Results from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations and a simple model for exospheric neutral densities are used to compare the locations of the lines of sight along which integrated soft X-ray intensities peak with the lines of sight lying tangent to surfaces(defined here to be the magnetopause)along which local soft X-ray intensities peak or exhibit their strongest gradients,or both,for strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions when no depletion or low-latitude boundary layers are expected.Where,in the parameter space of the various times and seasons,orbital phases,solar wind conditions,and magnetopause models,the alignment of the X-ray emission peak with the magnetopause tangent is good,or is not,is presented.The main results are as follows.The spacecraft needs to be positioned well outside the magnetopause;low-altitude times near perigee are not good.In addition,there are seasonal aspects:dayside-apogee orbits are generally very good because the spacecraft travels out sunward at high altitude,but nightside-apogee orbits,behind the Earth,are bad because the spacecraft only rarely leaves the magnetopause.Dusk-apogee and dawnapogee orbits are intermediate.Dayside-apogee orbits worsen slightly over the first three mission years,whereas nightside-apogee orbits improve slightly.Additionally,many more times of good agreement with the peak-to-tangent hypothesis occur when the solar wind is in a high-density state,as opposed to a low-density state.In a high-density state,the magnetopause is compressed,and the spacecraft is more often a good distance outside the magnetopause.

Using restored two-dimensional X-ray images to reconstruct the three-dimensional magnetopause

Astronomical imaging technologies are basic tools for the exploration of the universe,providing basic data for the research of astronomy and space physics.The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)carried by the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)aims to capture two-dimensional(2-D)images of the Earth’s magnetosheath by using soft X-ray imaging.However,the observed 2-D images are affected by many noise factors,destroying the contained information,which is not conducive to the subsequent reconstruction of the three-dimensional(3-D)structure of the magnetopause.The analysis of SXI-simulated observation images shows that such damage cannot be evaluated with traditional restoration models.This makes it difficult to establish the mapping relationship between SXIsimulated observation images and target images by using mathematical models.We propose an image restoration algorithm for SXIsimulated observation images that can recover large-scale structure information on the magnetosphere.The idea is to train a patch estimator by selecting noise–clean patch pairs with the same distribution through the Classification–Expectation Maximization algorithm to achieve the restoration estimation of the SXI-simulated observation image,whose mapping relationship with the target image is established by the patch estimator.The Classification–Expectation Maximization algorithm is used to select multiple patch clusters with the same distribution and then train different patch estimators so as to improve the accuracy of the estimator.Experimental results showed that our image restoration algorithm is superior to other classical image restoration algorithms in the SXI-simulated observation image restoration task,according to the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity.The restoration results of SXI-simulated observation images are used in the tangent fitting approach and the computed tomography approach toward magnetospheric reconstruction techniques,significantly improving the reconstruction results.Hence,the proposed technology may be feasible for processing SXI-simulated observation images.

Analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp regions.It uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.The SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in 2025.The European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar region.It has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry capabilities.Joint detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere.Therefore,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint detection.In addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.

Simulation of the SMILE Soft X-ray Imager response to a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)will shine a spotlight on magnetopause dynamics during magnetic reconnection.We simulate an event with a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning and produce SXI count maps with a 5-minute integration time.By making assumptions about the magnetopause shape,we find the magnetopause standoff distance from the count maps and compare it with the one obtained directly from the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)simulation.The root mean square deviations between the reconstructed and MHD standoff distances do not exceed 0.2 RE(Earth radius)and the maximal difference equals 0.24 RE during the 25-minute interval around the southward turning.

First assessment of Noise-Equivalent Sigma-Zero in GF3-02 TOPSAR mode with sea surface wind speed retrieval

Gaofen-3-02(GF3-02)is the first C-band synthetic aperture radar(SAR)satellite with terrain observation with progressive scans of SAR(TOPSAR)imaging mode in China,which plays an essential role in marine environment monitoring.Given the weak scattering characteristics of the ocean,the system thermal noise superimposed on SAR images has significant interference,especially in cross-polarization channels.Noise-Equivalent Sigma-Zero(NESZ)is a measure of the sensitivity of the radar to areas of low backscatter.The NESZ is defined to be the scattering cross-section coefficient of an area which contributes a mean level in the image equal to the signal-independent additive noise level.For TOPSAR,NESZ exhibits the shape of the SAR scanning gain curve in the azimuth and the shape of the antenna pattern in the range.Therefore,the accurate measurement of NESZ plays a vital role in the application of spaceborne SAR sea surface cross-polarization data.This paper proposes a theoretical calculation method for the NESZ curve in GF3-02 TOPSAR mode based on SAR noise inner calibration data and the imaging algorithm.A method for correcting the error existing in the theoretical curve of NESZ is also proposed according to the relationship between sea surface backscattering and wind speed and the same characteristics of target scattering in the overlapping area of adjacent sub-swaths.According to assessment with wide-swath TOPSAR cross-polarization data,the GF3-02 TOPSAR mode has a very low thermal noise level,which is better than−33 dB at the edge of each beam,and controlled below−38 dB at the center of the beam.The two-dimensional reference curves of the NESZ of each beam are provided to the GF3-02 TOPSAR users.After discussing the relationship between normalized radar cross section(NRCS)and wind speed,we provide a formula for NRCS related to wind speed and radar incidence angle.Compared with the NRCS derived from this formula and the NESZ-subtracted NRCS of SAR images,the bias is−0.0048 dB,the Root Mean Square Error is 1.671 dB and the correlation coefficient is 0.939.

Zhengzhou Huaying: ZWBP612-180 winding head enjoys high control precision

Zhengzhou Huaying Chemical Fiber Science and Technology Co., Ltd. is a holding subsidiary of Zhengzhou Textile Machinery. Depending on the 60-year brand sedimentation of Zhengzhou Textile Machinery, it has the exceptional advantages in product development, technological innovation strength, trial production and promotion.

基于DC-Link保护的直驱风机低电压穿越特性

研究了基于DC-Link保护回路的直驱风机在电网故障状态下的低电压穿越特性。研究了国家标准GB/T19963-2011对风机低电压穿越能力的要求。结合直驱永磁风力发电机组(PMSG)风机运行原理,构建了PMSG在PSCAD环境下的系统控制模型。结合电网三相对称短路故障,对加装和未加装DC-Link保护回路的PMSG的LVRT特性进行了分析和比较。仿真结果不仅证明了所用系统模型是合理的,控制策略是有效可行的,而且还表明加装DC-Link保护回路的PMSG具备较为优越的低电压穿越特性。

Theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage in a coastal forest

Based on the discussion of relationships between thinning and wind damage, and published information, a method for estimating risk ratios of wind damage was developed. Estimations of risk-ratio for Pinus thunbergii trees and stands were de-duced from stem bending theory and coefficients characterizing wind profile, distribution of branches and optical stratification po-rosity. The results showed that if the value of constant b in the branch distribution-model equals the attenuation coefficient s in the wind profile model for a single tree crown, then the parameter H/D1.33 (height over stem diameter cubed) can be used to compare and evaluate the risk-ratio of wind damage for individual trees. The same method can be applied to stands using the coefficient of wind profile in a stand, i.e. attenuation coefficient , the coefficient from distributions of optical stratification porosity, i.e. extinction coefficient , and the parameter D1.33. The application of parameter H/D1.33 and the process of determining risk ra-tios of wind damage for stands were also given in the paper.

双馈风力发电系统DC-link电压振荡抑制策略

针对网侧变流器双闭环控制中电压外环对DC-link电压振荡抑制响应慢及电流内环对前馈补偿延时的问题,提出了一种直接控制DC-link电容器充电功率的网侧变流器单闭环控制策略。本策略中引入的前馈补偿直接施加在控制电压的节点上,以及一个跟踪-微分器用于外界扰动动态前馈补偿的获取。在Matlab/Simulink平台中通过两种典型情况研究了所提出的网侧变流器控制策略对DC-link电压振荡抑制的有效性。结果表明,所提出的网侧变流器控制策略能有效抑制DC-link电压的冲击幅值及振荡,提出的前馈补偿方案及跟踪-微分器解决了电流内环对前馈补偿的延时以及经典微分器的噪声放大效应。

基于卡尔曼滤波的Link-22数据链网络时间同步算法

为了维持网络正常运行,Link-22数据链所采用的时分多址接入协议必须要求高精度的网络时间同步,传统的RTT算法降低了系统的实时性,PTP算法增大了系统的网络负担,且2种算法都忽略了延迟抖动以及获取时间戳带来的误差,导致时间同步精度低。基于此,文中提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的RTT-PTP算法,该算法在不影响系统的实时性以及不增加网络开销的情况下,利用卡尔曼滤波有效地降低延迟抖动以及不同时间戳精度带来的误差。最后通过仿真验证新算法能够有效地提高系统的时钟精度。

Aeroelastic modeling of wind loading on a cable-net supported glass wall

Wind loading study on a cable-net supported glass wall is conducted by means of wind tunnel tests. An equiva- lent aeroelastic model is designed and constructed. Response of displacements of the wall is measured and analyzed. In order to design a glass wall under wind loading, the ＂wind- vibration factor＂ is estimated and discussed. In fact, the mech- anism of wind acting on the wall is commonly known not only as positive pressure, but also as negative pressure caused by the flow separation on the corners of the building. Due to the diffidence in the mechanism of wind acting, two typi- cal response cases are classified. The results show that the dynamic response of the structure caused by the negative pressure is stronger than that of the positive pressure case. To determine the aerodynamic wind loading on a flexible part of structure on a building, wind tunnel study may be useful and play an important role.

Simulation of unsteady aerodynamic loads on high-speed trains in fluctuating crosswinds

To study the unsteady aerodynamic loads of high-speed trains in fluctuating crosswinds, the fluctuating winds of a moving point shifting with high-speed trains are calculated in this paper based on Cooper theory and harmonic superposition method. The computational fluid dynamics method is used to obtain the aerodynamic load coefficients at different mean yaw angles, and the aero- dynamic admittance function is introduced to calculate unsteady aerodynamic loads of high-speed trains in fluctuating winds. Using this method, the standard deviation and maximum value of the aerodynamic force （moment） are simulated. The results show that when the train speed is fixed, the varying mean wind speeds have large impact on the fluctuating value of the wind speeds and aerodynamic loads; in contrast, when the wind speed is fixed, the varying train speeds have little impact on the fluctuating value of the wind speeds or aerodynamic loads. The ratio of standard deviation to 0.SpKU2, or maximum value to 0.5pKU2, can be expressed as the function of mean yaw angle. The peak factors of the side force and roll moment are the same （ - 3.28）, the peak factor of the lift force is - 3.33, and the peak factors of the yaw moment and pitch moment are also the same （- 3.77）.

双馈风电机组dc-link电压的直接电容电流控制策略

传统GSC双闭环控制中存在电压外环对dc-link电压波动抑制响应慢及电流内环对前馈补偿延时的问题。对此提出一个dc-link电容电流直接控制的GSC单闭环控制策略。控制策略中引入的前馈补偿直接施加在GSC控制电压的节点上,消除了电流内环对扰动前馈补偿的延时。同时,对外界扰动动态的前馈补偿采用了一个"跟踪-微分器"技术。在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台中构建了GSC控制策略的研究模型,研究了两种典型情况下GSC控制策略对dc-link电压波动抑制的效果。结果表明所提出的GSC控制策略能有效抑制dc-link电压的波动幅值及振荡。

三菱CC-LINK通信在风电塔机上的应用

基于三菱CC-LINK通信技术的PLC控制系统在工业领域有着广泛的应用,结合现实工程背景,详细介绍了CC-LINK网络在风电塔机上的应用,阐述了CC-LINK网络的硬件配置、网络参数设置和通信程序编写,以及主站与从站之间的数据交换方式。

On the possible wind nebula of magnetar Swift J1834.9-0846:a magnetism-powered synchrotron nebula

Recently, the magnetar Swift J1834.9-0846 has been reported to have a possible wind nebula. It is shown that both the magnetar and its wind nebula are understandable in the wind braking scenario. The magnetar＇s rotational energy loss rate is not enough to power the particle luminosity. The required particle luminosity should be about 10^36 erg s^- 1 to 10^38 erg s^-1. It is obtained in three different approaches： considering wind braking of Swift J1834.9-0846; the spectral and spatial observations of the wind nebula; and an empirical upper bound on wind nebula X-ray luminosity. The nebula magnetic field is about 10-4 G. The possible wind nebula of Swift J1834.9-0846 should be a magnetar wind nebula. It is powered by the magnetic energy released from the magnetar.

Stator Winding Turn Faults Diagnosis for Induction Motor by Immune Memory Dynamic Clonal Strategy Algorithm

Quick detection of a small initial fault is important for an induction motor to prevent a consequent large fault.The mathematical model with basic motor equations among voltages,currents,and fluxes is analyzed and the motor model equations are described.The fault related features are extracted.An immune memory dynamic clonal strategy(IMDCS)system is applied to detecting the stator faults of induction motor.Four features are obtained from the induction motor,and then these features are given to the IMDCS system.After the motor condition has been learned by the IMDCS system,the memory set obtained in the training stage can be used to detect any fault.The proposed method is experimentally implemented on the induction motor,and the experimental results show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method to the diagnosis of stator winding turn faults in induction motors.

Non-stationary Buffeting Response Analysis of Long Span Suspension Bridge Under Strong Wind Loading

The non-stationary buffeting response of long span suspension bridge in time domain under strong wind loading is computed. Modeling method for generating non-stationary fluctuating winds with probabilistic model for non-stationary strong wind fields is first presented. Non-stationary wind forces induced by strong winds on bridge deck and tower are then given a brief introduction. Finally,Non-stationary buffeting response of Pulite Bridge in China,a long span suspension bridge,is computed by using ANSYS software under four working conditions with different combination of time-varying mean wind and time-varying variance. The case study further confirms that it is necessity of considering non-stationary buffeting response for long span suspension bridge under strong wind loading,rather than only stationary buffeting response.

IL-10细胞因子在风寒表证小鼠模型中的表达研究

目的:研究小鼠风寒表证康复过程中IL-10的变化规律。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法定量检测小鼠风寒表症动物疾病模型实验组和对照组1周内每日11时与23时的血清IL-10的表达水平。结果:与对照组相比,日间1～4 d IL-10水平上升,第3d达高峰(P<0.01),以后逐渐下降;夜间2d后水平升高(P<0.01),5 d后水平逐渐下降。结论:小鼠风寒表证康复中IL-10的周期性变化表现为实验组水平高于对照组(P<0.01);对照组IL-10存在有昼低夜高的日节律变化,实验组日节律变化不明显,可能与免疫功能的介入与调控和疾病康复相关。

高频链TSMC-PET直驱风力发电系统

电力电子变压器PET(power electronic transformer)在风力发电系统中具有较大的应用潜力,针对常规PET存在的可靠性低、功率密度低的不足,提出了一种基于高频链双级矩阵变换器TSMC(two-stage matrix con?verter)的PET结构,并通过多绕组高频变压器拓展为多端口结构。在此基础上,提出了三端口高频链TSMCPET直驱风电系统并网拓扑及其控制策略。该拓扑具有结构紧凑、可控性高和优良的输入输出性能等优点,且能通过储能端口控制使系统具有较强的平滑并网功率与低电压穿越能力。建立了系统仿真模型,仿真验证了所提拓扑及其控制策略的正确性和可行性。