Textual data streams have been extensively used in practical applications where consumers of online products have expressed their views regarding online products.Due to changes in data distribution,commonly referred t...Textual data streams have been extensively used in practical applications where consumers of online products have expressed their views regarding online products.Due to changes in data distribution,commonly referred to as concept drift,mining this data stream is a challenging problem for researchers.The majority of the existing drift detection techniques are based on classification errors,which have higher probabilities of false-positive or missed detections.To improve classification accuracy,there is a need to develop more intuitive detection techniques that can identify a great number of drifts in the data streams.This paper presents an adaptive unsupervised learning technique,an ensemble classifier based on drift detection for opinion mining and sentiment classification.To improve classification performance,this approach uses four different dissimilarity measures to determine the degree of concept drifts in the data stream.Whenever a drift is detected,the proposed method builds and adds a new classifier to the ensemble.To add a new classifier,the total number of classifiers in the ensemble is first checked if the limit is exceeded before the classifier with the least weight is removed from the ensemble.To this end,a weighting mechanism is used to calculate the weight of each classifier,which decides the contribution of each classifier in the final classification results.Several experiments were conducted on real-world datasets and the resultswere evaluated on the false positive rate,miss detection rate,and accuracy measures.The proposed method is also compared with the state-of-the-art methods,which include DDM,EDDM,and PageHinkley with support vector machine(SVM)and Naive Bayes classifiers that are frequently used in concept drift detection studies.In all cases,the results show the efficiency of our proposed method.展开更多
This paper intends to analyze the six types of English imperative sentences proposed by Chen (1984) from a perspective of causal-chain windowing. It comes to the conclusions that Talmy's causal-chain windowing app...This paper intends to analyze the six types of English imperative sentences proposed by Chen (1984) from a perspective of causal-chain windowing. It comes to the conclusions that Talmy's causal-chain windowing approach as well as the cognitive underpinnings of causal windowing and gapping is proved to be applicable in English imperative structures, and that generally speaking, the final portion of an imperative sentence is always windowed while the intermediate portions gapped.展开更多
The speed and quality of the image fusion always restrain each other.The real-time image fusion is one of the problems which needs to be studied and solved urgently.The windowing processing technology for the image fu...The speed and quality of the image fusion always restrain each other.The real-time image fusion is one of the problems which needs to be studied and solved urgently.The windowing processing technology for the image fusion proposed in this paper can solve this problem in a certain extent.The windowing rules were put forward and the applicable scope for the windowing fusion and the calculation method for the maximum windowing area were determined.And,the results of the windowing fusion were analyzed,verified and compared to confirm the feasibility of this technology.展开更多
This paper presents a Novel Windowing Algorithm for Electrocardiogram Feature Extraction and Pattern Recognition. The work presented here deals with a simple and efficient way of detecting ECG features that are P, Q, ...This paper presents a Novel Windowing Algorithm for Electrocardiogram Feature Extraction and Pattern Recognition. The work presented here deals with a simple and efficient way of detecting ECG features that are P, Q, R, S and T waves. Windowing method is used to select these waves. Windows are based on varying R-R intervals. It has been tested on ECG simulator data and also on different records of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, producing satisfactory results. ECG timing intervals are also required for monitoring the cardiac condition of patients. Hence after feature detections ECG timing intervals like the PR interval, QRS duration, the QT interval, the QT corrected interval and Vent Rate are efficiently calculated using proposed Formulae.展开更多
This paper revisits the characteristics of windowing techniques with various window functions involved,and successively investigates spectral leakage mitigation utilizing the Welch method.The discrete Fourier transfor...This paper revisits the characteristics of windowing techniques with various window functions involved,and successively investigates spectral leakage mitigation utilizing the Welch method.The discrete Fourier transform(DFT)is ubiquitous in digital signal processing(DSP)for the spectrum analysis and can be efciently realized by the fast Fourier transform(FFT).The sampling signal will result in distortion and thus may cause unpredictable spectral leakage in discrete spectrum when the DFT is employed.Windowing is implemented by multiplying the input signal with a window function and windowing amplitude modulates the input signal so that the spectral leakage is evened out.Therefore,windowing processing reduces the amplitude of the samples at the beginning and end of the window.In addition to selecting appropriate window functions,a pretreatment method,such as the Welch method,is effective to mitigate the spectral leakage.Due to the noise caused by imperfect,nite data,the noise reduction from Welch’s method is a desired treatment.The nonparametric Welch method is an improvement on the periodogram spectrum estimation method where the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)is high and mitigates noise in the estimated power spectra in exchange for frequency resolution reduction.The periodogram technique based on Welch method is capable of providing good resolution if data length samples are appropriately selected.The design of nite impulse response(FIR)digital lter using the window technique is rstly addressed.The inuence of various window functions on the Fourier transform spectrum of the signals is discussed.Comparison on spectral resolution based on the traditional power spectrum estimation and various window-function-based Welch power spectrum estimations is presented.展开更多
Current lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)rely on organic liquid electrolytes that pose significant risks due to their flammability and toxicity.The potential for environmental pollution and explosions resulting from battery...Current lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)rely on organic liquid electrolytes that pose significant risks due to their flammability and toxicity.The potential for environmental pollution and explosions resulting from battery damage or fracture is a critical concern.Water-based(aqueous)electrolytes have been receiving attention as an alternative to organic electrolytes.However,a narrow electrochemicalstability window,water decomposition,and the consequent low battery operating voltage and energy density hinder the practical use of aqueous electrolytes.Therefore,developing novel aqueous electrolytes for sustainable,safe,high-performance LIBs remains challenging.This Review first commences by summarizing the roles and requirements of electrolytes–separators and then delineates the progression of aqueous electrolytes for LIBs,encompassing aqueous liquid and gel electrolyte development trends along with detailed principles of the electrolytes.These aqueous electrolytes are progressed based on strategies using superconcentrated salts,concentrated diluents,polymer additives,polymer networks,and artificial passivation layers,which are used for suppressing water decomposition and widening the electrochemical stability window of water of the electrolytes.In addition,this Review discusses potential strategies for the implementation of aqueous Li-metal batteries with improved electrolyte–electrode interfaces.A comprehensive understanding of each strategy in the aqueous system will assist in the design of an aqueous electrolyte and the development of sustainable and safe high-performance batteries.展开更多
The existing indoor fusion positioning methods based on Pedestrian Dead Reckoning(PDR)and geomagnetic technology have the problems of large initial position error,low sensor accuracy,and geomagnetic mismatch.In this s...The existing indoor fusion positioning methods based on Pedestrian Dead Reckoning(PDR)and geomagnetic technology have the problems of large initial position error,low sensor accuracy,and geomagnetic mismatch.In this study,a novel indoor fusion positioning approach based on the improved particle filter algorithm by geomagnetic iterative matching is proposed,where Wi-Fi,PDR,and geomagnetic signals are integrated to improve indoor positioning performances.One important contribution is that geomagnetic iterative matching is firstly proposed based on the particle filter algorithm.During the positioning process,an iterative window and a constraint window are introduced to limit the particle generation range and the geomagnetic matching range respectively.The position is corrected several times based on geomagnetic iterative matching in the location correction stage when the pedestrian movement is detected,which made up for the shortage of only one time of geomagnetic correction in the existing particle filter algorithm.In addition,this study also proposes a real-time step detection algorithm based on multi-threshold constraints to judge whether pedestrians are moving,which satisfies the real-time requirement of our fusion positioning approach.Through experimental verification,the average positioning accuracy of the proposed approach reaches 1.59 m,which improves 33.2%compared with the existing particle filter fusion positioning algorithms.展开更多
Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are ...Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of life.Unfortunately,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological challenges.As a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces hindrances.To address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-HV as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(HV)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and activity.These constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)states.Absolute privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero transmittance.Each unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct manner.Hence,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.展开更多
For accurately identifying the distribution charac-teristic of Gaussian-like noises in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)state estimation,this paper proposes a non-parametric scheme based on curve similarity matching.In the...For accurately identifying the distribution charac-teristic of Gaussian-like noises in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)state estimation,this paper proposes a non-parametric scheme based on curve similarity matching.In the framework of the pro-posed scheme,a Parzen window(kernel density estimation,KDE)method on sliding window technology is applied for roughly esti-mating the sample probability density,a precise data probability density function(PDF)model is constructed with the least square method on K-fold cross validation,and the testing result based on evaluation method is obtained based on some data characteristic analyses of curve shape,abruptness and symmetry.Some com-parison simulations with classical methods and UAV flight exper-iment shows that the proposed scheme has higher recognition accuracy than classical methods for some kinds of Gaussian-like data,which provides better reference for the design of Kalman filter(KF)in complex water environment.展开更多
Transformer-based stereo image super-resolution reconstruction(Stereo SR)methods have significantly improved image quality.However,existing methods have deficiencies in paying attention to detailed features and do not...Transformer-based stereo image super-resolution reconstruction(Stereo SR)methods have significantly improved image quality.However,existing methods have deficiencies in paying attention to detailed features and do not consider the offset of pixels along the epipolar lines in complementary views when integrating stereo information.To address these challenges,this paper introduces a novel epipolar line window attention stereo image super-resolution network(EWASSR).For detail feature restoration,we design a feature extractor based on Transformer and convolutional neural network(CNN),which consists of(shifted)window-based self-attention((S)W-MSA)and feature distillation and enhancement blocks(FDEB).This combination effectively solves the problem of global image perception and local feature attention and captures more discriminative high-frequency features of the image.Furthermore,to address the problem of offset of complementary pixels in stereo images,we propose an epipolar line window attention(EWA)mechanism,which divides windows along the epipolar direction to promote efficient matching of shifted pixels,even in pixel smooth areas.More accurate pixel matching can be achieved using adjacent pixels in the window as a reference.Extensive experiments demonstrate that our EWASSR can reconstruct more realistic detailed features.Comparative quantitative results show that in the experimental results of our EWASSR on the Middlebury and Flickr1024 data sets for 2×SR,compared with the recent network,the Peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)increased by 0.37 dB and 0.34 dB,respectively.展开更多
Abrupt near-surface temperature changes in mountainous areas are a special component of the mountain climate system.Fast and accurate measurements of the locations,intensity,and width of the near-surface changes are n...Abrupt near-surface temperature changes in mountainous areas are a special component of the mountain climate system.Fast and accurate measurements of the locations,intensity,and width of the near-surface changes are necessary but highly difficult due to the complicated environmental conditions and instrumental issues.This paper develops a spatial pattern recognition method to measure the near-surface high temperature increase(NSHTI),one of the lesser-attended changes.First,raster window measurement was proposed to calculate the temperature lapse rate using MODIS land surface temperature and SRTM DEM data.It fully considers the terrain heights of two neighboring cells on opposite or adjacent slopes with a moving window of 3×3 cell size.Second,a threshold selection was performed to identify the NSHTI cells using a threshold of-0.65℃/100 m.Then,the NSHTI strips were parameterized through raster vectorization and spatial analysis.Taking Yunnan,a mountainous province in southwestern China,as the study area,the results indicate that the NSHTI cells concentrate in a strip-like pattern along the mountains and valleys,and the strips are almost parallel to the altitude contours with a slight northward uplift.Also,they are located mostly at a 3/5 height of high mountains or within 400 m from the valley floors,where the controlling topographic index is the altitude of the terrain trend surface but not the absolute elevation and the topographic uplift height and cutting depth.Additionally,the NSHTI intensity varies with the geographic locations and the proportions increase with an exponential trend,and the horizontal width has a mean of about 1000 m and a maximum of over 5000 m.The result demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively recognize NSHTI boundaries over mountains,providing support for the modeling of weather and climate systems and the development of mountain resources.展开更多
With the rapid development of portable electronics and electric road vehicles,high-energy-density batteries have been becoming front-burner issues.Traditionally,homogeneous electrolyte cannot simultaneously meet diame...With the rapid development of portable electronics and electric road vehicles,high-energy-density batteries have been becoming front-burner issues.Traditionally,homogeneous electrolyte cannot simultaneously meet diametrically opposed demands of high-potential cathode and low-potential anode,which are essential for high-voltage batteries.Meanwhile,homogeneous electrolyte is difficult to achieve bi-or multi-functions to meet different requirements of electrodes.In comparison,the asymmetric electrolyte with bi-or multi-layer disparate components can satisfy distinct requirements by playing different roles of each electrolyte layer and meanwhile compensates weakness of individual electrolyte.Consequently,the asymmetric electrolyte can not only suppress by-product sedimentation and continuous electrolyte decomposition at the anode while preserving active substances at the cathode for high-voltage batteries with long cyclic lifespan.In this review,we comprehensively divide asymmetric electrolytes into three categories:decoupled liquid-state electrolytes,bi-phase solid/liquid electrolytes and decoupled asymmetric solid-state electrolytes.The design principles,reaction mechanism and mutual compatibility are also studied,respectively.Finally,we provide a comprehensive vision for the simplification of structure to reduce costs and increase device energy density,and the optimization of solvation structure at anolyte/catholyte interface to realize fast ion transport kinetics.展开更多
Active metasurfaces with dynamically reconfigurable functionalities are highly demanded in various practical applications.Here,we propose a wideband low-scattering metasurface that can realize an in-band reconfigurabl...Active metasurfaces with dynamically reconfigurable functionalities are highly demanded in various practical applications.Here,we propose a wideband low-scattering metasurface that can realize an in-band reconfigurable transparent window by altering the operation states of the PIN diodes loaded on the structures.The metasurface is composed of a band-pass frequency selective surface(FSS)sandwiched between two polarization conversion metasurfaces(PCMs).PIN diodes are integrated into the FSS to switch the transparent window,while a checkerboard configuration is applied in PCMs for the diffusive-reflective function.A sample with 20×20 elements is designed,fabricated,and experimentally verified.Both simulated and measured results show that the in-band functions can be dynamically switched between beam-splitting scattering and high transmission by controlling the biasing states of the diodes,while low backscattering can be attained outside the passband.Furthermore,the resonant structures of FSS also play the role of feeding lines,thus significantly eliminating extra interference compared with conventional feeding networks.We envision that the proposed metasurface may provide new possibilities for the development of an intelligent stealth platform and its antenna applications.展开更多
Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy(V-PDT)is an effective treatment for port wine stains(PWS).However,repeated treatment is usually needed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes,possibly due to the limited treatment...Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy(V-PDT)is an effective treatment for port wine stains(PWS).However,repeated treatment is usually needed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes,possibly due to the limited treatment light penetration depth in the PWS lesion.The optical clearing technique can increase light penetration in depth by reducing light scattering.This study aimed to investigate the V-PDT in combination with an optical clearing agent(OCA)for the therapeutic enhancement of V-PDT in the rodent skinfold window chamber model.Vascular responses were closely monitored with laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI),optical coherence tomography angiography,and stereo microscope before,during,and after the treatment.We further quantitatively demonstrated the effects of V-PDT in combination with OCA on the blood flow and blood vessel size of skin microvasculature.The combination of OCA and V-PDT resulted in significant vascular damage,including vasoconstriction and the reduction of blood flow.Our results indicate the promising potential of OCA for enhancing V-PDT for treating vascular-related diseases,including PWS.展开更多
BACKGROUND Lateral window approach for sinus floor lift is commonly used for vertical bone augmentation in cases when the residual bone height is less than 5 mm.However,managing cases becomes more challenging when a m...BACKGROUND Lateral window approach for sinus floor lift is commonly used for vertical bone augmentation in cases when the residual bone height is less than 5 mm.However,managing cases becomes more challenging when a maxillary sinus pseudocyst is present or when there is insufficient bone width.In this case,we utilized the bone window prepared during the lateral window sinus lift as a shell for horizontal bone augmentation.This allowed for simultaneous horizontal and vertical bone augmentation immediately after the removal of the maxillary sinus pseudocyst.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old female presented to our clinic with the chief complaint of missing upper left posterior teeth.Intraoral examination showed a horizontal deficiency of the alveolar ridge contour.The height of the alveolar bone was approximately 3.6 mm on cone beam computed tomography(CBCT).And a typical well-defined'dome-shaped'lesion in maxillary sinus was observed on CBCT imaging.The lateral bony window was prepared using a piezo-ultrasonic device,then the bony window was fixed to the buccal side of the 26 alveolar ridge using a titanium screw with a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 1.5 mm.The space between the bony window and the alveolar ridge was filled with Bio-Oss,covered with a Bio-Gide collagen membrane,and subsequently sutured.Nine months later,the patient’s bone width increased from 4.8 to 10.5 mm,and the bone height increased from 3.6 to 15.6 mm.Subsequently,a Straumann^(■)4.1 mm×10 mm implant was placed.The final all-ceramic crown restoration was completed four months later,and both clinical and radiographic examinations showed that the implant was successful,and the patient was satisfied with the results.CONCLUSION The bone block harvested from the lateral window sinus lift can be used for simultaneous horizontal bone augmentation acting as a shell for good two-dimensional bone augmentation.展开更多
The article takes the famous modern American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud’s novel The Magic Barrel as the object of study,and uses symbolism to interpret it,analyzing it one by one in terms of the magic barrel,the c...The article takes the famous modern American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud’s novel The Magic Barrel as the object of study,and uses symbolism to interpret it,analyzing it one by one in terms of the magic barrel,the colors,the seasons and the windows,respectively,so as to reveal the process of getting rid of the childishness within the novel’s male protagonist,Leo Finkel,who is maturing,as well as the novel’s Jewish theme of searching for the soul of the self.展开更多
My favorite festival is the Spring Festival.The Spring Festival falls on the first day of the lunar New Year.There are all kinds of activities during the Spring Festival.To begin with,we clean our houses,paint doors a...My favorite festival is the Spring Festival.The Spring Festival falls on the first day of the lunar New Year.There are all kinds of activities during the Spring Festival.To begin with,we clean our houses,paint doors and windows red,put up red couplets,decorate the doors and windows with paper cuts,buy clothes and have a haircut on New Year’s Eve.展开更多
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Groups(Project under Grant Number(RGP.2/49/43)).
文摘Textual data streams have been extensively used in practical applications where consumers of online products have expressed their views regarding online products.Due to changes in data distribution,commonly referred to as concept drift,mining this data stream is a challenging problem for researchers.The majority of the existing drift detection techniques are based on classification errors,which have higher probabilities of false-positive or missed detections.To improve classification accuracy,there is a need to develop more intuitive detection techniques that can identify a great number of drifts in the data streams.This paper presents an adaptive unsupervised learning technique,an ensemble classifier based on drift detection for opinion mining and sentiment classification.To improve classification performance,this approach uses four different dissimilarity measures to determine the degree of concept drifts in the data stream.Whenever a drift is detected,the proposed method builds and adds a new classifier to the ensemble.To add a new classifier,the total number of classifiers in the ensemble is first checked if the limit is exceeded before the classifier with the least weight is removed from the ensemble.To this end,a weighting mechanism is used to calculate the weight of each classifier,which decides the contribution of each classifier in the final classification results.Several experiments were conducted on real-world datasets and the resultswere evaluated on the false positive rate,miss detection rate,and accuracy measures.The proposed method is also compared with the state-of-the-art methods,which include DDM,EDDM,and PageHinkley with support vector machine(SVM)and Naive Bayes classifiers that are frequently used in concept drift detection studies.In all cases,the results show the efficiency of our proposed method.
文摘This paper intends to analyze the six types of English imperative sentences proposed by Chen (1984) from a perspective of causal-chain windowing. It comes to the conclusions that Talmy's causal-chain windowing approach as well as the cognitive underpinnings of causal windowing and gapping is proved to be applicable in English imperative structures, and that generally speaking, the final portion of an imperative sentence is always windowed while the intermediate portions gapped.
文摘The speed and quality of the image fusion always restrain each other.The real-time image fusion is one of the problems which needs to be studied and solved urgently.The windowing processing technology for the image fusion proposed in this paper can solve this problem in a certain extent.The windowing rules were put forward and the applicable scope for the windowing fusion and the calculation method for the maximum windowing area were determined.And,the results of the windowing fusion were analyzed,verified and compared to confirm the feasibility of this technology.
文摘This paper presents a Novel Windowing Algorithm for Electrocardiogram Feature Extraction and Pattern Recognition. The work presented here deals with a simple and efficient way of detecting ECG features that are P, Q, R, S and T waves. Windowing method is used to select these waves. Windows are based on varying R-R intervals. It has been tested on ECG simulator data and also on different records of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, producing satisfactory results. ECG timing intervals are also required for monitoring the cardiac condition of patients. Hence after feature detections ECG timing intervals like the PR interval, QRS duration, the QT interval, the QT corrected interval and Vent Rate are efficiently calculated using proposed Formulae.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan[Grant Numbers MOST 104-2221-E-019-026-MY2 and MOST 108-2221-E019-013].
文摘This paper revisits the characteristics of windowing techniques with various window functions involved,and successively investigates spectral leakage mitigation utilizing the Welch method.The discrete Fourier transform(DFT)is ubiquitous in digital signal processing(DSP)for the spectrum analysis and can be efciently realized by the fast Fourier transform(FFT).The sampling signal will result in distortion and thus may cause unpredictable spectral leakage in discrete spectrum when the DFT is employed.Windowing is implemented by multiplying the input signal with a window function and windowing amplitude modulates the input signal so that the spectral leakage is evened out.Therefore,windowing processing reduces the amplitude of the samples at the beginning and end of the window.In addition to selecting appropriate window functions,a pretreatment method,such as the Welch method,is effective to mitigate the spectral leakage.Due to the noise caused by imperfect,nite data,the noise reduction from Welch’s method is a desired treatment.The nonparametric Welch method is an improvement on the periodogram spectrum estimation method where the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)is high and mitigates noise in the estimated power spectra in exchange for frequency resolution reduction.The periodogram technique based on Welch method is capable of providing good resolution if data length samples are appropriately selected.The design of nite impulse response(FIR)digital lter using the window technique is rstly addressed.The inuence of various window functions on the Fourier transform spectrum of the signals is discussed.Comparison on spectral resolution based on the traditional power spectrum estimation and various window-function-based Welch power spectrum estimations is presented.
基金the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea(No.2022R1A2B5B02002097),funded by the Korea government(MSIT).
文摘Current lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)rely on organic liquid electrolytes that pose significant risks due to their flammability and toxicity.The potential for environmental pollution and explosions resulting from battery damage or fracture is a critical concern.Water-based(aqueous)electrolytes have been receiving attention as an alternative to organic electrolytes.However,a narrow electrochemicalstability window,water decomposition,and the consequent low battery operating voltage and energy density hinder the practical use of aqueous electrolytes.Therefore,developing novel aqueous electrolytes for sustainable,safe,high-performance LIBs remains challenging.This Review first commences by summarizing the roles and requirements of electrolytes–separators and then delineates the progression of aqueous electrolytes for LIBs,encompassing aqueous liquid and gel electrolyte development trends along with detailed principles of the electrolytes.These aqueous electrolytes are progressed based on strategies using superconcentrated salts,concentrated diluents,polymer additives,polymer networks,and artificial passivation layers,which are used for suppressing water decomposition and widening the electrochemical stability window of water of the electrolytes.In addition,this Review discusses potential strategies for the implementation of aqueous Li-metal batteries with improved electrolyte–electrode interfaces.A comprehensive understanding of each strategy in the aqueous system will assist in the design of an aqueous electrolyte and the development of sustainable and safe high-performance batteries.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42271436)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant Nos.ZR2021MD030,ZR2021QD148).
文摘The existing indoor fusion positioning methods based on Pedestrian Dead Reckoning(PDR)and geomagnetic technology have the problems of large initial position error,low sensor accuracy,and geomagnetic mismatch.In this study,a novel indoor fusion positioning approach based on the improved particle filter algorithm by geomagnetic iterative matching is proposed,where Wi-Fi,PDR,and geomagnetic signals are integrated to improve indoor positioning performances.One important contribution is that geomagnetic iterative matching is firstly proposed based on the particle filter algorithm.During the positioning process,an iterative window and a constraint window are introduced to limit the particle generation range and the geomagnetic matching range respectively.The position is corrected several times based on geomagnetic iterative matching in the location correction stage when the pedestrian movement is detected,which made up for the shortage of only one time of geomagnetic correction in the existing particle filter algorithm.In addition,this study also proposes a real-time step detection algorithm based on multi-threshold constraints to judge whether pedestrians are moving,which satisfies the real-time requirement of our fusion positioning approach.Through experimental verification,the average positioning accuracy of the proposed approach reaches 1.59 m,which improves 33.2%compared with the existing particle filter fusion positioning algorithms.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF)grants funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1A6A1A03038817),Republic of Korea。
文摘Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of life.Unfortunately,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological challenges.As a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces hindrances.To address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-HV as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(HV)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and activity.These constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)states.Absolute privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero transmittance.Each unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct manner.Hence,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62033010)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province(R2023Q07)。
文摘For accurately identifying the distribution charac-teristic of Gaussian-like noises in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)state estimation,this paper proposes a non-parametric scheme based on curve similarity matching.In the framework of the pro-posed scheme,a Parzen window(kernel density estimation,KDE)method on sliding window technology is applied for roughly esti-mating the sample probability density,a precise data probability density function(PDF)model is constructed with the least square method on K-fold cross validation,and the testing result based on evaluation method is obtained based on some data characteristic analyses of curve shape,abruptness and symmetry.Some com-parison simulations with classical methods and UAV flight exper-iment shows that the proposed scheme has higher recognition accuracy than classical methods for some kinds of Gaussian-like data,which provides better reference for the design of Kalman filter(KF)in complex water environment.
基金This work was supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023YFG0262).
文摘Transformer-based stereo image super-resolution reconstruction(Stereo SR)methods have significantly improved image quality.However,existing methods have deficiencies in paying attention to detailed features and do not consider the offset of pixels along the epipolar lines in complementary views when integrating stereo information.To address these challenges,this paper introduces a novel epipolar line window attention stereo image super-resolution network(EWASSR).For detail feature restoration,we design a feature extractor based on Transformer and convolutional neural network(CNN),which consists of(shifted)window-based self-attention((S)W-MSA)and feature distillation and enhancement blocks(FDEB).This combination effectively solves the problem of global image perception and local feature attention and captures more discriminative high-frequency features of the image.Furthermore,to address the problem of offset of complementary pixels in stereo images,we propose an epipolar line window attention(EWA)mechanism,which divides windows along the epipolar direction to promote efficient matching of shifted pixels,even in pixel smooth areas.More accurate pixel matching can be achieved using adjacent pixels in the window as a reference.Extensive experiments demonstrate that our EWASSR can reconstruct more realistic detailed features.Comparative quantitative results show that in the experimental results of our EWASSR on the Middlebury and Flickr1024 data sets for 2×SR,compared with the recent network,the Peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)increased by 0.37 dB and 0.34 dB,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42061004)the Joint Special Project of Agricultural Basic Research of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 202101BD070001093)the Youth Special Project of Xingdian Talent Support Program of Yunnan Province
文摘Abrupt near-surface temperature changes in mountainous areas are a special component of the mountain climate system.Fast and accurate measurements of the locations,intensity,and width of the near-surface changes are necessary but highly difficult due to the complicated environmental conditions and instrumental issues.This paper develops a spatial pattern recognition method to measure the near-surface high temperature increase(NSHTI),one of the lesser-attended changes.First,raster window measurement was proposed to calculate the temperature lapse rate using MODIS land surface temperature and SRTM DEM data.It fully considers the terrain heights of two neighboring cells on opposite or adjacent slopes with a moving window of 3×3 cell size.Second,a threshold selection was performed to identify the NSHTI cells using a threshold of-0.65℃/100 m.Then,the NSHTI strips were parameterized through raster vectorization and spatial analysis.Taking Yunnan,a mountainous province in southwestern China,as the study area,the results indicate that the NSHTI cells concentrate in a strip-like pattern along the mountains and valleys,and the strips are almost parallel to the altitude contours with a slight northward uplift.Also,they are located mostly at a 3/5 height of high mountains or within 400 m from the valley floors,where the controlling topographic index is the altitude of the terrain trend surface but not the absolute elevation and the topographic uplift height and cutting depth.Additionally,the NSHTI intensity varies with the geographic locations and the proportions increase with an exponential trend,and the horizontal width has a mean of about 1000 m and a maximum of over 5000 m.The result demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively recognize NSHTI boundaries over mountains,providing support for the modeling of weather and climate systems and the development of mountain resources.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202299)the Analytical&Testing Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University(2022T006).
文摘With the rapid development of portable electronics and electric road vehicles,high-energy-density batteries have been becoming front-burner issues.Traditionally,homogeneous electrolyte cannot simultaneously meet diametrically opposed demands of high-potential cathode and low-potential anode,which are essential for high-voltage batteries.Meanwhile,homogeneous electrolyte is difficult to achieve bi-or multi-functions to meet different requirements of electrodes.In comparison,the asymmetric electrolyte with bi-or multi-layer disparate components can satisfy distinct requirements by playing different roles of each electrolyte layer and meanwhile compensates weakness of individual electrolyte.Consequently,the asymmetric electrolyte can not only suppress by-product sedimentation and continuous electrolyte decomposition at the anode while preserving active substances at the cathode for high-voltage batteries with long cyclic lifespan.In this review,we comprehensively divide asymmetric electrolytes into three categories:decoupled liquid-state electrolytes,bi-phase solid/liquid electrolytes and decoupled asymmetric solid-state electrolytes.The design principles,reaction mechanism and mutual compatibility are also studied,respectively.Finally,we provide a comprehensive vision for the simplification of structure to reduce costs and increase device energy density,and the optimization of solvation structure at anolyte/catholyte interface to realize fast ion transport kinetics.
基金Project supported by the Joint Fund of Ministry of Education for Equipment Pre-research (Grant No. 8091B032112)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62271243 and 62071215)+2 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Manipulating Technique of Electromagnetic Wave
文摘Active metasurfaces with dynamically reconfigurable functionalities are highly demanded in various practical applications.Here,we propose a wideband low-scattering metasurface that can realize an in-band reconfigurable transparent window by altering the operation states of the PIN diodes loaded on the structures.The metasurface is composed of a band-pass frequency selective surface(FSS)sandwiched between two polarization conversion metasurfaces(PCMs).PIN diodes are integrated into the FSS to switch the transparent window,while a checkerboard configuration is applied in PCMs for the diffusive-reflective function.A sample with 20×20 elements is designed,fabricated,and experimentally verified.Both simulated and measured results show that the in-band functions can be dynamically switched between beam-splitting scattering and high transmission by controlling the biasing states of the diodes,while low backscattering can be attained outside the passband.Furthermore,the resonant structures of FSS also play the role of feeding lines,thus significantly eliminating extra interference compared with conventional feeding networks.We envision that the proposed metasurface may provide new possibilities for the development of an intelligent stealth platform and its antenna applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 62205025 and 61835015)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7222309)+2 种基金the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(2020WNLOKF025)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2019-I2M-5-061)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(XSQD-202123001).
文摘Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy(V-PDT)is an effective treatment for port wine stains(PWS).However,repeated treatment is usually needed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes,possibly due to the limited treatment light penetration depth in the PWS lesion.The optical clearing technique can increase light penetration in depth by reducing light scattering.This study aimed to investigate the V-PDT in combination with an optical clearing agent(OCA)for the therapeutic enhancement of V-PDT in the rodent skinfold window chamber model.Vascular responses were closely monitored with laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI),optical coherence tomography angiography,and stereo microscope before,during,and after the treatment.We further quantitatively demonstrated the effects of V-PDT in combination with OCA on the blood flow and blood vessel size of skin microvasculature.The combination of OCA and V-PDT resulted in significant vascular damage,including vasoconstriction and the reduction of blood flow.Our results indicate the promising potential of OCA for enhancing V-PDT for treating vascular-related diseases,including PWS.
文摘BACKGROUND Lateral window approach for sinus floor lift is commonly used for vertical bone augmentation in cases when the residual bone height is less than 5 mm.However,managing cases becomes more challenging when a maxillary sinus pseudocyst is present or when there is insufficient bone width.In this case,we utilized the bone window prepared during the lateral window sinus lift as a shell for horizontal bone augmentation.This allowed for simultaneous horizontal and vertical bone augmentation immediately after the removal of the maxillary sinus pseudocyst.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old female presented to our clinic with the chief complaint of missing upper left posterior teeth.Intraoral examination showed a horizontal deficiency of the alveolar ridge contour.The height of the alveolar bone was approximately 3.6 mm on cone beam computed tomography(CBCT).And a typical well-defined'dome-shaped'lesion in maxillary sinus was observed on CBCT imaging.The lateral bony window was prepared using a piezo-ultrasonic device,then the bony window was fixed to the buccal side of the 26 alveolar ridge using a titanium screw with a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 1.5 mm.The space between the bony window and the alveolar ridge was filled with Bio-Oss,covered with a Bio-Gide collagen membrane,and subsequently sutured.Nine months later,the patient’s bone width increased from 4.8 to 10.5 mm,and the bone height increased from 3.6 to 15.6 mm.Subsequently,a Straumann^(■)4.1 mm×10 mm implant was placed.The final all-ceramic crown restoration was completed four months later,and both clinical and radiographic examinations showed that the implant was successful,and the patient was satisfied with the results.CONCLUSION The bone block harvested from the lateral window sinus lift can be used for simultaneous horizontal bone augmentation acting as a shell for good two-dimensional bone augmentation.
文摘The article takes the famous modern American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud’s novel The Magic Barrel as the object of study,and uses symbolism to interpret it,analyzing it one by one in terms of the magic barrel,the colors,the seasons and the windows,respectively,so as to reveal the process of getting rid of the childishness within the novel’s male protagonist,Leo Finkel,who is maturing,as well as the novel’s Jewish theme of searching for the soul of the self.
文摘My favorite festival is the Spring Festival.The Spring Festival falls on the first day of the lunar New Year.There are all kinds of activities during the Spring Festival.To begin with,we clean our houses,paint doors and windows red,put up red couplets,decorate the doors and windows with paper cuts,buy clothes and have a haircut on New Year’s Eve.