The spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters（sea surface temperature（SST）, p H, sea surface salinity（SSS）, dissolved oxygen（DO） and Secchi depth） along with filterable nutrients（dissolved inorganic...The spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters（sea surface temperature（SST）, p H, sea surface salinity（SSS）, dissolved oxygen（DO） and Secchi depth） along with filterable nutrients（dissolved inorganic nitrate（DIN）,dissolved inorganic phosphate（DIP） and reactive silicate（DSi）） are measured in the winter months of November,December, January and February for four consecutive years from 2009–2010 to 2012–2013 on the shallow continental shelf（〈20 m bathymetry） of the coastal waters（up to 18 km away from shoreline） of the northern Bay of Bengal（n Bo B） during the highest high tide（HHT） and lowest low tide（LLT） hours for the first time. The variability of the coastal biogeochemical environment is assessed during the HHT and LLT hours and for this purpose, seawater samples are collected from seven different locations of a transect in the coastal region. Physicochemical parameters（except SST） show significant difference in magnitude during the HHT and LLT hours respectively. p H, SSS and DO are found to increase in the HHT hours and vice-versa. The data reveal that during the LLT hours, a relative increase of freshwater input in the n Bo B can have elevated the nutrient concentration compared with that observed during the HHT hours. The ratio of nutrient concentration is found to deviate significantly from the Redfield ratio. The abundance of DIP is much higher compared with that of DIN and DSi.The anthropogenic sources of DIP from the upstream flow（especially the domestic effluent of several metropolises） can be mainly attributed behind such an observation. In order to characterize and establish the trend of such variation in such an important bio-climatic region, long-term and systematic ecosystem monitoring in the coastal water of the n Bo B northern Bay of Bengal should be carried out throughout the year.展开更多
In this study,the extremes of winter seasonal mean precipitation have been investigated by using daily precipitation data from 91 stations in East China,the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/the National C...In this study,the extremes of winter seasonal mean precipitation have been investigated by using daily precipitation data from 91 stations in East China,the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/the National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR)monthly reanalysis,and sea surface temperature data from the Hadley Centre for 1979–2007.The largest anomalous rainfall amount was observed in regions south of the Yangtze River.In the most recent three decades,extreme events in the seasonal mean winter precipitation occurred in 1985 and 1997.Because it was influenced mainly by a La Ni a event,the precipitation in 1985 showed a deficit following a stronger winter monsoon.The rainfall amount in 1997 was influenced by El Ni o and was significantly larger than normal with a weaker winter monsoon.Both the circulation anomalies and wave energy dispersions during the winters of 1985 and 1997 differed significantly.In 1985,the North Atlantic Oscillation anomalously excited the Eurasian-Pacific teleconnection and circumglobal teleconnection phenomena.Consequently,Rossby wave energy propagated along the north and south branches of the westerlies,strengthening the East Asian trough along with a stronger winter monsoon,which facilitated the wintertime dry extreme in East China.In1997,however,Rossby wave energy propagated from low latitudes northeastward into the southern part of China,resulting in a weaker winter monsoon and the wettest winter.The results of this study will be helpful for future monitoring and prediction of extreme winter rainfall events in East China.展开更多
This paper presents a statistical scheme for the seasonal forecasting of North China's surface air temperature (NCSAT) during winter. Firstly, a prediction model for an decrease or increase of winter NCSAT is esta...This paper presents a statistical scheme for the seasonal forecasting of North China's surface air temperature (NCSAT) during winter. Firstly, a prediction model for an decrease or increase of winter NCSAT is established, whose predictors are available for no later than the previous September, as this is the most favorable month for seasonal forecasting up to two months ahead.The predicted NCSAT is then derived as the sum of the predicted increment of NCSAT and the previous NCSAT. The scheme successfully predicts the interannual and the decadal variability of NCSAT. Additionally, the advantages of the prediction scheme are discussed.展开更多
A new data set of observations by six cruises of ship-mounted acoustic doppler current profiler（SADCP） and three 40 d long bottom-mounted ADCPs（BADCPs） is employed to reveal the spatiotemporal variability of tidal...A new data set of observations by six cruises of ship-mounted acoustic doppler current profiler（SADCP） and three 40 d long bottom-mounted ADCPs（BADCPs） is employed to reveal the spatiotemporal variability of tidal and subtidal currents in the western Taiwan Strait（TWS） during winter season. The results confirm the existence of intense cotidal lines for M2 tidal current, which is located north of 25°N. In this case, no existence of an amphidromic point can be identified. It is also revealed that the counter-wind current（CWC） can extend through the whole western TWS and even occupy the entire water column during winter monsoon relaxation. However,this CWC is observed to be thoroughly overwhelmed by the downwind China coastal current（CCC） during the two big monsoon bloom events in the winter of 2007, and the CCC consequently extends southward throughout the western TWS instead. Most importantly, the variation of the spatial extent for the CWC and the CCC in the western TWS is found to be well explained by the first two modes of the vector empirical orthogonal function（VEOF） analysis, that is, it is mainly controlled by a wind-driven quasi barotropic current as the first mode and slightly modulated by a relatively weak background current with a first-order baroclinic structure as the second mode.展开更多
We used energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence（EDXRF） to determine the seasonal variation of selected trace elements（Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se and Fe） and some potential toxic elements（Cd, Pb and Br） in Juniperus thurife...We used energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence（EDXRF） to determine the seasonal variation of selected trace elements（Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se and Fe） and some potential toxic elements（Cd, Pb and Br） in Juniperus thurifera subsp. africana Maire（Cupressaceae） a rare medicinal tree, growing indigenously in Aures Mountains of Algeria. The precision of the results was assessed by analyzing the certified reference material IPE44（WEPAL）grass leaves. Results showed J. thurifera was characterized by high Cr and Mn contents. During autumn and winter mineral concentrations were higher in general. The levels of Cr, Se and Mn were higher during autumn and winter than during spring and summer. Zn contents were higher during summer than in other seasons. Cu content did not vary by season. The potential toxic elements in J. thurifera（Pb [ Cd [ Br） were below the permissible limits recommended by the Joint WHO/FAO guidelines except for Pb in autumn and winter.展开更多
AIM To determine if there was a seasonal variation in adults undergoing total hip arthroplasty for end stage hip disease due to osteoarthritis(OA) or sequelae of developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).METHODS The tot...AIM To determine if there was a seasonal variation in adults undergoing total hip arthroplasty for end stage hip disease due to osteoarthritis(OA) or sequelae of developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).METHODS The total hip registry from the author's institution for the years 1969 to 2013 was reviewed. The month of birth,age,gender,and ethnicity was recorded. Differences between number of births observed and expected in the winter months(October through February) and non-winter mo(March through September) were analyzed with the χ2 test. Detailed temporal variation was mathematically assessed using cosinor analysis.RESULTS There were 7792 OA patients and 60 DDH patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. There were more births than expected in the winter months for both the DDH(P < 0.0001) and OA(P = 0.0052) groups. Cosinor analyses demonstrated a peak date of birth on 1st October. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate an increased prevalence of DDH and OA in those patients born in winter.展开更多
Using NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data and observational data from meteorological stations in China, the evolution of the East Asian cold season （EACS） and its long-term changes after 2000 were studied. A monsoon tendency ...Using NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data and observational data from meteorological stations in China, the evolution of the East Asian cold season （EACS） and its long-term changes after 2000 were studied. A monsoon tendency index （MTI）, defined as the temporal di？erence of the East Asian monsoon index, indi- cates that the winter monsoon setup has been postponed in autumn, while the setup has quickened in early winter. In mid winter, the EACS breakdown process has accelerated, while it has lingered in late winter. The authors suggest that the postponement of monsoon setup in autumn may be caused by strong global warming at the lower levels, which further limits the setup time period and leads to the quickening of the setup process in early winter. Meanwhile, a north-south seesaw of temperature tendency change in China can be observed in December and February, which may be related to large-scale circulation changes in the stratosphere, characterized by a polar warming in mid winter and polar cooling in early spring. This linkage is possibly caused by the dynamical coupling between stratosphere and troposphere, via the variation of planetary wave activities. In spring, the speed of the EACS breakdown has decreased, which favors the revival of the EACS in East Asia.展开更多
Based on observational daily data of 730 meteorological stations in China, the south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon is defined according to relevant criterion and its variation characteristics are analyzed. Re...Based on observational daily data of 730 meteorological stations in China, the south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon is defined according to relevant criterion and its variation characteristics are analyzed. Results show that this south edge has obvious inter-annual variation characteristics and shows a northward moving tendency as a whole, but since the 21 st century it has moved southwards and date of the south edge entering winter becomes earlier. Wind fields of the anomalously northward south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon in East Asia has an obvious southerly wind component which prevents cold air from moving southward. The index of this south edge and winter temperature has a positive correlation. Climate warming might be the main reason for the northward movement of the south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon.展开更多
Seasonality, in the context of emergency room (ER) admissions, can be described as the periodic incidence of disease, corresponding to seasons, or other pre-established calendar periods. Respiratory diseases, in gener...Seasonality, in the context of emergency room (ER) admissions, can be described as the periodic incidence of disease, corresponding to seasons, or other pre-established calendar periods. Respiratory diseases, in general, show a seasonal pattern with incidence peak at the winter season, however research still presents a considerable amount of inconsistency. Incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is also very well linked to the cold season. Gastrointestinal, genitourinary and neurological diseases are poorly studied in regards their seasonal patterns. This study aimed to assess seasonality of the five categories of diseases–respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and neurological-using data from a community hospital in northwestern PA. We analyzed 14 years (2000-2014) of data from the Meadville Medical Center (MMC) ER admissions. For each ER admission case, we had information about ICD-9 code, sex, insurance, race, age and date, time and year of admission. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4 University version software. We found significantly fewer cases of respiratory diseases in spring (OR = 0.757), summer (OR = 0.579), and fall (OR = 0.741), when comparing to the winter season;however, seasonal differences were not found for cardiovascular, genitourinary, and neurological diseases. The implications of these results will primarily be used to improve Meadville’s public health policies for cold seasons, and more specifically, implement programs that prepare the ER to receive and treat respiratory cases more efficiently in the cold season.展开更多
基金Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services(INCOIS)of the Ministry of Earth Science of Indiathe INSPIRE fellowship of Department of Science and Technology of India
文摘The spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters（sea surface temperature（SST）, p H, sea surface salinity（SSS）, dissolved oxygen（DO） and Secchi depth） along with filterable nutrients（dissolved inorganic nitrate（DIN）,dissolved inorganic phosphate（DIP） and reactive silicate（DSi）） are measured in the winter months of November,December, January and February for four consecutive years from 2009–2010 to 2012–2013 on the shallow continental shelf（〈20 m bathymetry） of the coastal waters（up to 18 km away from shoreline） of the northern Bay of Bengal（n Bo B） during the highest high tide（HHT） and lowest low tide（LLT） hours for the first time. The variability of the coastal biogeochemical environment is assessed during the HHT and LLT hours and for this purpose, seawater samples are collected from seven different locations of a transect in the coastal region. Physicochemical parameters（except SST） show significant difference in magnitude during the HHT and LLT hours respectively. p H, SSS and DO are found to increase in the HHT hours and vice-versa. The data reveal that during the LLT hours, a relative increase of freshwater input in the n Bo B can have elevated the nutrient concentration compared with that observed during the HHT hours. The ratio of nutrient concentration is found to deviate significantly from the Redfield ratio. The abundance of DIP is much higher compared with that of DIN and DSi.The anthropogenic sources of DIP from the upstream flow（especially the domestic effluent of several metropolises） can be mainly attributed behind such an observation. In order to characterize and establish the trend of such variation in such an important bio-climatic region, long-term and systematic ecosystem monitoring in the coastal water of the n Bo B northern Bay of Bengal should be carried out throughout the year.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41175062)the National Key Technology R&D Program(2007BAC29B02)+1 种基金A Project Funded bythe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionssupported by the Research Innovation Program for college graduates of Jiangsu Province
文摘In this study,the extremes of winter seasonal mean precipitation have been investigated by using daily precipitation data from 91 stations in East China,the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/the National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR)monthly reanalysis,and sea surface temperature data from the Hadley Centre for 1979–2007.The largest anomalous rainfall amount was observed in regions south of the Yangtze River.In the most recent three decades,extreme events in the seasonal mean winter precipitation occurred in 1985 and 1997.Because it was influenced mainly by a La Ni a event,the precipitation in 1985 showed a deficit following a stronger winter monsoon.The rainfall amount in 1997 was influenced by El Ni o and was significantly larger than normal with a weaker winter monsoon.Both the circulation anomalies and wave energy dispersions during the winters of 1985 and 1997 differed significantly.In 1985,the North Atlantic Oscillation anomalously excited the Eurasian-Pacific teleconnection and circumglobal teleconnection phenomena.Consequently,Rossby wave energy propagated along the north and south branches of the westerlies,strengthening the East Asian trough along with a stronger winter monsoon,which facilitated the wintertime dry extreme in East China.In1997,however,Rossby wave energy propagated from low latitudes northeastward into the southern part of China,resulting in a weaker winter monsoon and the wettest winter.The results of this study will be helpful for future monitoring and prediction of extreme winter rainfall events in East China.
基金jointly supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-YW-QN202)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2010CB9503042 and 2009CB421406)strategic technological program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA05090426)
文摘This paper presents a statistical scheme for the seasonal forecasting of North China's surface air temperature (NCSAT) during winter. Firstly, a prediction model for an decrease or increase of winter NCSAT is established, whose predictors are available for no later than the previous September, as this is the most favorable month for seasonal forecasting up to two months ahead.The predicted NCSAT is then derived as the sum of the predicted increment of NCSAT and the previous NCSAT. The scheme successfully predicts the interannual and the decadal variability of NCSAT. Additionally, the advantages of the prediction scheme are discussed.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41506014,41306027 and 41276034the Scientific Research Foundation of Third Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration under contract No.2017011+1 种基金the State Oceanic Administration Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interactions under contract Nos GASI-IPOVAI-02,GASIIPOVAI-03 and GASI-03-01-01-04the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Leading Science and Technology Projects under contract No.XDA1102030104
文摘A new data set of observations by six cruises of ship-mounted acoustic doppler current profiler（SADCP） and three 40 d long bottom-mounted ADCPs（BADCPs） is employed to reveal the spatiotemporal variability of tidal and subtidal currents in the western Taiwan Strait（TWS） during winter season. The results confirm the existence of intense cotidal lines for M2 tidal current, which is located north of 25°N. In this case, no existence of an amphidromic point can be identified. It is also revealed that the counter-wind current（CWC） can extend through the whole western TWS and even occupy the entire water column during winter monsoon relaxation. However,this CWC is observed to be thoroughly overwhelmed by the downwind China coastal current（CCC） during the two big monsoon bloom events in the winter of 2007, and the CCC consequently extends southward throughout the western TWS instead. Most importantly, the variation of the spatial extent for the CWC and the CCC in the western TWS is found to be well explained by the first two modes of the vector empirical orthogonal function（VEOF） analysis, that is, it is mainly controlled by a wind-driven quasi barotropic current as the first mode and slightly modulated by a relatively weak background current with a first-order baroclinic structure as the second mode.
基金funded by Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research through the Project(CNEPRU No.D04N01UN170120140017)
文摘We used energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence（EDXRF） to determine the seasonal variation of selected trace elements（Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se and Fe） and some potential toxic elements（Cd, Pb and Br） in Juniperus thurifera subsp. africana Maire（Cupressaceae） a rare medicinal tree, growing indigenously in Aures Mountains of Algeria. The precision of the results was assessed by analyzing the certified reference material IPE44（WEPAL）grass leaves. Results showed J. thurifera was characterized by high Cr and Mn contents. During autumn and winter mineral concentrations were higher in general. The levels of Cr, Se and Mn were higher during autumn and winter than during spring and summer. Zn contents were higher during summer than in other seasons. Cu content did not vary by season. The potential toxic elements in J. thurifera（Pb [ Cd [ Br） were below the permissible limits recommended by the Joint WHO/FAO guidelines except for Pb in autumn and winter.
文摘AIM To determine if there was a seasonal variation in adults undergoing total hip arthroplasty for end stage hip disease due to osteoarthritis(OA) or sequelae of developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).METHODS The total hip registry from the author's institution for the years 1969 to 2013 was reviewed. The month of birth,age,gender,and ethnicity was recorded. Differences between number of births observed and expected in the winter months(October through February) and non-winter mo(March through September) were analyzed with the χ2 test. Detailed temporal variation was mathematically assessed using cosinor analysis.RESULTS There were 7792 OA patients and 60 DDH patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. There were more births than expected in the winter months for both the DDH(P < 0.0001) and OA(P = 0.0052) groups. Cosinor analyses demonstrated a peak date of birth on 1st October. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate an increased prevalence of DDH and OA in those patients born in winter.
基金support provided by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No 2010CB428603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No 40805017)Part of this paper was produced when the first author was visiting the City University of Hong Kong,supported by the City U Strategic Research Grant 7002505
文摘Using NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data and observational data from meteorological stations in China, the evolution of the East Asian cold season （EACS） and its long-term changes after 2000 were studied. A monsoon tendency index （MTI）, defined as the temporal di？erence of the East Asian monsoon index, indi- cates that the winter monsoon setup has been postponed in autumn, while the setup has quickened in early winter. In mid winter, the EACS breakdown process has accelerated, while it has lingered in late winter. The authors suggest that the postponement of monsoon setup in autumn may be caused by strong global warming at the lower levels, which further limits the setup time period and leads to the quickening of the setup process in early winter. Meanwhile, a north-south seesaw of temperature tendency change in China can be observed in December and February, which may be related to large-scale circulation changes in the stratosphere, characterized by a polar warming in mid winter and polar cooling in early spring. This linkage is possibly caused by the dynamical coupling between stratosphere and troposphere, via the variation of planetary wave activities. In spring, the speed of the EACS breakdown has decreased, which favors the revival of the EACS in East Asia.
基金supported by "Definition of the south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon in East Asian and its variation characteristics" of The High School Specialized Research Fund for The Doctoral Program Funding Issue in 2011 (20113228110003)
文摘Based on observational daily data of 730 meteorological stations in China, the south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon is defined according to relevant criterion and its variation characteristics are analyzed. Results show that this south edge has obvious inter-annual variation characteristics and shows a northward moving tendency as a whole, but since the 21 st century it has moved southwards and date of the south edge entering winter becomes earlier. Wind fields of the anomalously northward south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon in East Asia has an obvious southerly wind component which prevents cold air from moving southward. The index of this south edge and winter temperature has a positive correlation. Climate warming might be the main reason for the northward movement of the south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon.
文摘Seasonality, in the context of emergency room (ER) admissions, can be described as the periodic incidence of disease, corresponding to seasons, or other pre-established calendar periods. Respiratory diseases, in general, show a seasonal pattern with incidence peak at the winter season, however research still presents a considerable amount of inconsistency. Incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is also very well linked to the cold season. Gastrointestinal, genitourinary and neurological diseases are poorly studied in regards their seasonal patterns. This study aimed to assess seasonality of the five categories of diseases–respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and neurological-using data from a community hospital in northwestern PA. We analyzed 14 years (2000-2014) of data from the Meadville Medical Center (MMC) ER admissions. For each ER admission case, we had information about ICD-9 code, sex, insurance, race, age and date, time and year of admission. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4 University version software. We found significantly fewer cases of respiratory diseases in spring (OR = 0.757), summer (OR = 0.579), and fall (OR = 0.741), when comparing to the winter season;however, seasonal differences were not found for cardiovascular, genitourinary, and neurological diseases. The implications of these results will primarily be used to improve Meadville’s public health policies for cold seasons, and more specifically, implement programs that prepare the ER to receive and treat respiratory cases more efficiently in the cold season.
