Dynamics of a rotating ring-stiffened sandwich conical shell with an auxetic honeycomb core

The free vibration analysis of a rotating sandwich conical shell with a reentrant auxetic honeycomb core and homogenous isotropic face layers reinforced with a ring support is studied.The shell is modeled utilizing the first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT)incorporating the relative,centripetal,and Coriolis accelerations alongside the initial hoop tension created by the rotation.The governing equations,compatibility conditions,and boundary conditions are attained using Hamilton’s principle.Utilizing trigonometric functions,an analytical solution is derived in the circumferential direction,and a numerical one is presented in the meridional direction via the differential quadrature method(DQM).The effects of various factors on the critical rotational speeds and forward and backward frequencies of the shell are studied.The present work is the first theoretical work regarding the dynamic analysis of a rotating sandwich conical shell with an auxetic honeycomb core strengthened with a ring support.

Acoustical properties of a 3D printed honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers:Experimental analysis and optimization for emerging applications

The novelty of this research lies in the successful fabrication of a 3D-printed honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers for acoustic properties,utilizing an impedance tube setup in accordance with ASTM standard E 1050-12.The Creality Ender-3,a 3D printer,was used for printing the honeycomb structures,and polylactic acid(PLA)material was employed for their construction.The organic,inorganic,and polymeric compounds within the composites were identified using fourier transformation infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.The structure and homogeneity of the samples were examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM).To determine the sound absorption coefficient of the 3D printed honeycomb structure,numerous samples were systematically developed using central composite design(CCD)and analysed using response surface methodology(RSM).The RSM mathematical model was established to predict the optimum values of each factor and noise reduction coefficient(NRC).The optimum values for an NRC of 0.377 were found to be 1.116 wt% carbon black,1.025 wt% aluminium powder,and 3.151 mm distance between parallel edges.Overall,the results demonstrate that a 3Dprinted honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers is an excellent material that can be utilized in various fields,including defence and aviation,where lightweight and acoustic properties are of great importance.

Transient responses of double-curved sandwich two-layer shells resting on Kerr's foundations with laminated three-phase polymer/GNP/fiber surface and auxetic honeycomb core subjected to the blast load

This work uses refined first-order shear theory to analyze the free vibration and transient responses of double-curved sandwich two-layer shells made of auxetic honeycomb core and laminated three-phase polymer/GNP/fiber surface subjected to the blast load.Each of the two layers that make up the double-curved shell structure is made up of an auxetic honeycomb core and two laminated sheets of three-phase polymer/GNP/fiber.The exterior is supported by a Kerr elastic foundation with three characteristics.The key innovation of the proposed theory is that the transverse shear stresses are zero at two free surfaces of each layer.In contrast to previous first-order shear deformation theories,no shear correction factor is required.Navier's exact solution was used to treat the double-curved shell problem with a single title boundary,while the finite element technique and an eight-node quadrilateral were used to address the other boundary requirements.To ensure the accuracy of these results,a thorough comparison technique is employed in conjunction with credible statements.The problem model's edge cases allow for this kind of analysis.The study's findings may be used in the post-construction evaluation of military and civil works structures for their ability to sustain explosive loads.In addition,this is also an important basis for the calculation and design of shell structures made of smart materials when subjected to shock waves or explosive loads.

A Modified Principal Component Analysis Method for Honeycomb Sandwich Panel Debonding Recognition Based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Signals

The safety and integrity requirements of aerospace composite structures necessitate real-time health monitoring throughout their service life.To this end,distributed optical fiber sensors utilizing back Rayleigh scattering have been extensively deployed in structural health monitoring due to their advantages,such as lightweight and ease of embedding.However,identifying the precise location of damage from the optical fiber signals remains a critical challenge.In this paper,a novel approach which namely Modified Sliding Window Principal Component Analysis(MSWPCA)was proposed to facilitate automatic damage identification and localization via distributed optical fiber sensors.The proposed method is able to extract signal characteristics interfered by measurement noise to improve the accuracy of damage detection.Specifically,we applied the MSWPCA method to monitor and analyze the debonding propagation process in honeycomb sandwich panel structures.Our findings demonstrate that the training model exhibits high precision in detecting the location and size of honeycomb debonding,thereby facilitating reliable and efficient online assessment of the structural health state.

Topological study about failure behavior and energy absorption of honeycomb structures under various strain rates

High-speed impact threats and terrorist actions on the battlefield require the development of more effective protective materials and structures,and various protective structure is designed according their energy-absorbing characteristics.In this research,the deformation behavior,microscopic failure modes and energy absorption characteristics of re-entrant hexagonal structure,regular hexagonal structure and regular quadrilateral structure are studied under different strain rates impact.The re-entrant hexagonal structure forms a“X”-shaped deformation zone,the regular quadrilateral and regular hexagonal structure form an“I”-shaped deformation zone.The microscopic appearance of the section is a mixed fracture form.The effects of the topological shape,cell angle,and cell height on the impact behavior of the structure were evaluated.When the cell height is fixed and the cell angle is changed,the energy absorption of the structure increase and then decrease as the relative density increase.The mechanical properties of the structure are optimal when the relative density is about 18.6%and the cell angle is22.5°.When the cell angle is fixed and the cell height is changed,as the relative density increases,the energy absorption of the structure gradually increases.The regular quadrilateral structure and the reentrant hexagonal structure experienced clear strain rate effects under dynamic impact conditions;the regular hexagonal structure did not exhibit obvious strain rate effects.The results presented herein provide a basis for further rational design and selection of shock-resistant protective structures that perform well in high-speed impact environments.

Dynamic crushing behaviors and enhanced energy absorption of bio-inspired hierarchical honeycombs with different topologies

In order to pursue good crushing load uniformity and enchance energy absorption efficiency of conventional honeycombs, a kind of bio-inspired hierarchical honeycomb model is proposed by mimicking the arched crab shell structures. Three bio-inspired hierarchical honeycombs(BHHs) with different topologies are designed by replacing each vertex of square honeycombs with smaller arc-shaped structures. The effects of hierarchical topologies and multi-material layout on in-plane dynamic crushings and absorbed-energy capacities of the BHHs are explored based on the explicit finite element(FE) analysis.Different deformation modes can be observed from the BHHs, which mainly depend upon hierarchical topologies and impact velocities. According to energy efficiency method and one-dimensional(1D) shock theory, calculation formulas of densification strains and plateau stresses for the BHHs are derived to characterize the dynamic bearing capacity, which is consistent well with FE results. Compared with conventional honeycombs, the crushing load efficiency and energy absorption capacity of the BHHs can be improved by changing the proper hierarchical topology and multi-material layout. These researches will provide theoretical guidance for innovative design and dynamic response performance controllability of honeycombs.

Temperature influences of the recoil characteristics for aluminum honeycomb buffer in the tether-net launcher

Fluctuations in outer space's temperature would affect the spacecraft's regular operation.This paper aims to study the temperature influences of the aluminum honeycomb buffer in the tether-net launcher.Firstly,a buffer structure was designed to attenuate the pyroshock generated by the pyrotechnic device.Secondly,the mechanical properties of aluminum honeycomb at different temperatures were obtained through quasi-static compression experiments.Then,the internal ballistic responses of the launcher were gained by the closed bomb tests and the equivalent classical interior ballistic model.Finally,the recoil performance of the launcher with aluminum honeycomb buffer at different temperatures was studied.It is revealed that the aluminum honeycomb crushing force gradually decreases with the temperature increases.The peak pressure,burning rate coefficient and velocity increase while the peak time decreases with the temperature increase for the interior ballistics.For the launcher recoil responses,the average launch recoil decreases if the aluminum honeycomb doesn't enter the dense stage.The impact acceleration,projectile velocity and displacement increase as the temperature increase.The paper spotlights the temperature's influence on the recoil characteristics of the aluminum honeycomb buffer,which provides a new idea for buffering technology of pyrotechnic devices in a complex space environment.

Facile synthesis of the Mn_(3)O_(4)polyhedron grown on N-doped honeycomb carbon as high-performance negative material for lithium-ion batteries

Because of their large volume variation and inferior electrical conductivity,Mn_(3)O_(4)-based oxide anode materials have short cyclic lives and poor rate capability,which obstructs their development.In this study,we successfully prepared a Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon composite using a smart and facile synthetic method.The Mn_(3)O_(4)nanopolyhedra are grown on N-doped honeycomb carbon,which evidently mitigates the volume change in the charging and discharging processes but also improves the electrochemical reaction kinetics.More importantly,the Mn-O-C bond in the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon composite benefits electrochemical reversibility.These features of the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon(NHC)composite are responsible for its superior electrochemical performance.When used for Li-ion batteries,the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 598 mAh·g^(−1)after 350 cycles at 1 A·g^(−1).Even at 2 A·g^(−1),the Mn_(3)O_(4)/NHC anode still delivers a high capacity of 472 mAh·g^(−1).This work provides a new prospect for synthesizing and developing manganese-based oxide materials for energy storage.

二维Honeycomb-kagome结构磁振子晶体中的狄拉克点与平带

在蜂窝(Honeycomb)结构磁振子晶体模型的基础上,提出了Honeycomb-kagome结构的二维磁振子晶体模型,它是由铁(Fe)圆柱按照Honeycomb-kagome结构排列在氧化铕(EuO)基底材料内构成的一种二维周期结构磁性复合材料系统。利用课题组提出的改进平面波展开法,数值计算研究了该系统里的磁振子带结构。结果表明,只要满足散射体密排即各Fe圆柱边缘相切的条件,在布里渊区K点处就会产生磁振子狄拉克点,通过调节不同密排圆柱体的半径比可以实现间接调控狄拉克点频率位置的目的。此外,在相切圆柱半径比相差较大情况下,会有磁振子平带现象的出现,这是不同于晶体中杂质态的一种拓扑局域态,是自旋波在Honeycomb-kagome结构中高度干涉叠加而形成。本文对磁振子狄拉克点的产生、调控和拓扑平带的研究,不仅拓展了凝聚态拓扑物理的研究内容,同时可为人工磁振子晶体应用于自旋波拓扑器件制作材料领域提供理论依据和一个平台。

Vibration characteristics of sandwich plates with an auxetic honeycomb core and laminated three-phase skin layers under blast load

In this article,vibration characteristics of sandwich plates with an auxetic honeycomb core and laminated three-phase skin layers subjected to blast load are studied.Higher-order ES-MITC3 element based on higher-order shear deformation theory(HSDT)to achieve the governing equations.The sandwich plates with the ultra-light feature of the auxetic honeycomb core layer(negative Poisson’s ratio)and reinforced by two laminated three-phase skin layers.The obtained results in our work are compared with other previously published to confirm accuracy and reliability.In addition,the effects of parameters such as geometrical and material parameters on the vibration characteristics of sandwich plates with an auxetic honeycomb core and laminated three-phase skin layers are fully investigated.

Assessment of the ballistic response of honeycomb sandwich structures subjected to offset and normal impact

In the present study,experimental and numerical investigations were carried out to examine the behavior of sandwich panels with honeycomb cores.The high velocity impact tests were carried out using a compressed air gun.A sharp conical nosed projectile was impacted normally and with some offset distance(20 mm and 40 mm).The deformation,failure mode and energy dissipation characteristics were obtained for both kinds of loading.Moreover,the explicit solver was run in Abaqus to create the finite element model.The numerically obtained test results were compared with the experimental to check the accuracy of the modelling.The numerical result was further employed to obtain strain energy dissipation in each element by externally running user-defined code in Abaqus.Furthermore,the influence of inscribe circle diameter and cell wall and face sheet thickness on the energy dissipation,deformation and failure mode was examined.The result found that ballistic resistance and deformation were higher against offset impact compared to the normal impact loading.Sandwich panel impacted at 40 mm offset distance required 3 m/s and 1.9 m/s more velocity than 0 and 20 mm offset distance.Also,increasing the face sheet and wall thickness had a positive impact on the ballistic resistance in terms of a higher ballistic limit and energy absorption.However,inscribe circle diameter had a negative influence on the ballistic resistance.Also,the geometrical parameters of the sandwich structure had a significant influence on the energy dissipation in the different deformation directions.The energy dissipation in plastic work was highest for circumferential direction,regardless of impact condition followed by tangential,radial and axial directions.

Fabrication of honeycomb AuTe monolayer with Dirac nodal line fermions

Two-dimensional honeycomb lattices show great potential in the realization of Dirac nodal line fermions(DNLFs).Here,we successfully synthesized a gold telluride(AuTe)monolayer by direct tellurizing an Au(111)substrate.Low energy electron diffraction measurements reveal that it is(2×2)AuTe layer stacked onto(3×3)Au(111)substrate.Moreover,scanning tunneling microscopy images show that the AuTe layer has a honeycomb structure.Scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that it is a single-atom layer.In addition,first-principles calculations demonstrate that the honeycomb AuTe monolayer exhibits Dirac nodal line features protected by mirror symmetry,which is validated by angle-resolved photoemission spectra.Our results establish that monolayer AuTe can be a good candidate to investigate 2D DNLFs and provides opportunities to realize high-speed low-dissipation devices.

分数阶衍射蜂窝晶格中带隙涡旋孤子的传输与控制

基于分数阶非线性薛定谔方程,研究分数阶衍射效应下蜂窝晶格中带隙涡旋光孤子的存在性与传输特性.首先采用平面波展开法得到蜂窝晶格能带结构,其次在带隙结构中分别采用改进的平方算子迭代法、分步傅里叶法和傅里叶配置法研究含有蜂窝晶格势的分数阶非线性薛定谔方程中带隙涡旋孤子的模式及其传输特性.研究结果发现带隙涡旋孤子的传输特性受Lévy指数和传播常数的影响.在稳定区间,带隙涡旋孤子可以稳定传输,而在非稳定区间,带隙涡旋孤子会随着传输距离的增加而逐渐汇聚,失去环状结构演变为基孤子.且Lévy指数越大,带隙涡旋孤子能够稳定传输的距离越长,功率越低.此外,相邻晶格同相位两个带隙涡旋孤子与旁瓣能量相叠加,反相位两带隙涡旋孤子与旁瓣能量相抵消,传输过程中逐渐失去环状结构,演化为类偶极子模式,且受方位角调制影响而周期性旋转.在非相邻晶格处两带隙涡旋孤子,由于旁瓣影响较小,带隙涡旋孤子在传输过程中能较好地保持环状结构.

挖补修理蜂窝夹芯结构侧压强度的可靠性及灵敏度分析

以挖补修理复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构为研究对象,考虑胶层性能的不确定性,通过ABAQUS-MATLAB-Python联合仿真,建立挖补修理蜂窝夹芯结构侧向压缩渐进损伤分析模型,得到随机变量与其所对应的输出响应。基于蒙特卡罗法进行可靠性分析,采用基于方差和失效概率的全局灵敏度分析方法进行参数灵敏度分析。结果表明:外载荷在不同数值区间下结构失效概率具有较大差异,在接近极限破坏载荷时失效概率显著增加;胶层厚度方向的弹性模量和面内两个相互垂直方向上的剪切模量对挖补修理蜂窝夹芯结构侧压强度方差和失效概率的影响较大。

多闭环厚板折展蜂窝机构的几何设计与性能分析

基于厚板折纸理论设计出一种单闭环空间折展机构,并用螺旋理论对机构的自由度进行了分析。引入Myard类型约束和Sarrus类型约束,提出将机构自由度降低为1的2种方法,对应得到M型和S型折展蜂窝单元。将2种折展蜂窝单元的运动特征与平面镶嵌原理相结合,构造出M型和S型折展蜂窝机构。研究了设计参数对机构折展率的影响规律,并以提高折展率为目标对机构的结构进行了优化。研究结果表明,M型折展蜂窝机构完全展开后可形成单侧平整的表面;S型折展蜂窝机构的折展率更大。

环氧树脂填充复合蜂窝夹芯结构吸波性能的试验及模拟研究

设计了一种由四氧化三铁@还原氧化石墨烯(Fe_(3)O_(4)@rGO)气凝胶/环氧树脂填充的复合蜂窝夹芯结构(CHSS)。采用拉曼光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱等方法对Fe_(3)O_(4)@rGO粒子进行表征,并对其电磁参数和吸波性能进行分析。研究结果表明:成功制备了Fe_(3)O_(4)@rGO,并且Fe_(3)O_(4)在气凝胶中分散良好;Fe_(3)O_(4)@rGO对电磁波的导电损耗以及磁损耗为材料提供了良好的微波吸收性能,CHSS的有效吸波带宽随着Fe_(3)O_(4)@rGO气凝胶/环氧树脂层厚度增大呈先增大再减小的趋势;当CHSS中Fe_(3)O_(4)@rGO气凝胶/环氧树脂层厚度为2.5 mm时有效吸波带宽达到最大值,性能最佳的CHSS厚度为7.8 mm,有效吸波带宽达到7.09 GHz,最大反射损耗(RL)值达到-17.76 dB。综合表明,本研究制备了一种复合蜂窝夹芯材料,并且使用环氧树脂回填封装芳纶蜂窝可以达到理想的吸波性能。

基于蜂窝仿生流场的质子交换膜燃料电池的性能研究及优化

为了增强质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)内部燃料分布的均匀性与水管理能力,本文研究了一种新型的基于仿生结构的蜂窝仿生流场。首先,根据蜂窝结构特征,搭建出三维多相流非等温几何模型并确立PEMFC的数学模型;其次,采用计算流体动力学Fluent软件对模型进行无关性与有效性验证,并对蜂窝仿生流场和常规平行流场的电池性能和燃料分布进行了模拟分析;最后,对比极化性能、气体流速分布、燃料与液态水组分浓度和电流密度分布,验证了蜂窝仿生流场设计的有效性。研究结果表明:采用蜂窝仿生流场的电池峰值功率密度比常规平行流场高15.6%,其内部水管理能力和燃料分布均匀性均强于平行流场;左端进气的蜂窝仿生流场比采用上端进气的蜂窝仿生流场在气体通路内具有更均匀的气体压力,可有效避免流道内产生局部涡流,其峰值功率密度可以达到0.3933 W/cm2。

新型零泊松比蜂窝结构的等效弹性参数分析

在四角星形蜂窝结构的基础上,提出了一种新型零泊松比蜂窝结构。采用结构基因方法分析研究了蜂窝结构的等效弹性参数,并对结果进行了精细化模型有限元仿真验证;进而分析了蜂窝结构单胞尺寸参数对于结构等效弹性参数的影响。结果表明,结构基因法在进行蜂窝结构等效弹性参数预测时具有较高的正确性与效率性;蜂窝结构尺寸参数对结构的等效弹性参数影响很大,与原材料模量相比,蜂窝结构的面内模量会降低(1~2)个数量级。最后,通过与四角星形蜂窝结构进行对比发现,新型蜂窝结构可以保证较为稳定的零泊松比特性,而且在面内变形能力以及抵抗面外变形能力优于四角星形蜂窝结构,具有在变体飞机中的良好应用前景。

复杂多边形蜂窝柔性蒙皮非线性行为数值分析

对复杂多边形蜂窝柔性蒙皮结构进行数值仿真,研究在拉伸、剪切、扭转以及弯曲载荷下的柔性蜂窝非线性变形行为,并对无橡胶表层、单侧橡胶表层和双侧橡胶表层的变形及强度进行分析。结果表明:无橡胶表层蜂窝可能在较小载荷下产生较大变形;单侧橡胶表层易使结构不对称,可能导致剪切载荷、扭转载荷下的变形不对称;双侧橡胶表层对抑制结构变形有明显作用;加入橡胶表层可能会使原本零泊松比或负泊松比效应的蜂窝柔性蒙皮表现出正泊松比的情况。

基于静态凝聚法的蜂窝芯轴向变胞元非均匀排布优化

为了有效改善蜂窝结构的强度与刚度,提出利用静态凝聚法实现变胞元的几何参数和非均匀排布同时优化的方法。根据卡氏定理,推导胞元的等效弹性模量和泊松比;沿轴向均匀划分蜂窝芯为若干列子结构,利用有限元法得到子结构的刚度矩阵;采用静态凝聚法建立超单元刚度矩阵,依据超单元节点编号装配获得蜂窝芯的整体刚度矩阵;计算蜂窝芯在剪切载荷作用下的结构变形,并与ANSYS结果比较分析。以子结构的个数以及胞元的夹角、夹板宽与斜壁长之比为设计变量,胞元的等效弹性模量最大和蜂窝芯的变形最小为设计目标,利用改进的粒子群算法进行优化并研究蜂窝芯优化前后的静、动态特性变化规律。结果表明:变胞元非均匀排布优化后,最大的位移、应力、应变均明显减小,且激励频率等于第二阶固有频率时振动最为强烈。研究结论可为蜂窝结构变胞元排布的优化设计提供指导。