Modeling and Control for Wireless Networked Control System

In this paper, the stabilization problem is considered for the class of wireless networked control systems （WNCS）. An indicator is introduced in the WNCS model. The packet drop sequences in the indicator are represented as states of a Markov chain. A new discrete Markov switching system model integrating 802.11 protocol and new scheduling approach for wireless networks with control systems are constructed. The variable controller can be obtained easily by solving the linear matrix inequality （LMI） with the use of the Matlab toolbox. Both the known and unknown dropout probabilities are considered. Finally, a simulation is given to show the feasibility of the proposed method.

Stability analysis and stabilization of wireless networked control systems based on deadband control scheduling

The stability analysis and stabilization problems of the wireless networked control systems(WNCSs) with signal transmission deadbands were considered. The deadbands were respectively set up at the sensor to the controller and the controller to the actor sides in the WNCS, which were used to reduce data transmission, furthermore, to decrease the network collision and node energy consumption. Under the consideration of time-varying delays and signal transmission deadbands, the model for the WNCS was presented. A novel Lyapunov functional which took full advantages of the network factors was exploited. Meanwhile, new stability analysis and stabilization conditions for the WNCS were proposed, which described the relationship of the delay bounds, the transmission deadband bounds and the system stability. Two examples were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results show that the proposed approach can guarantee asymptotical stability of the system and reduce the data transmission effectively.

Optimal distributed resource allocation in a wireless sensor network for control systems

Wireless technology is applied increasingly in networked control systems. A new form of wireless network called wireless sensor network can bring control systems some advantages, such as flexibility and feasibility of network deployment at low costs, while it also raises some new challenges. First, the communication resources shared by all the control loops are limited. Second, the wireless and multi-hop character of sensor network makes the resources scheduling more difficult. Thus, how to effectively allocate the limited communication resources for those control loops is an important problem. In this paper, this problem is formulated as an optimal sampling frequency assignment problem, where the objective function is to maximize the utility of control systems, subject to channel capacity constraints. Then an iterative distributed algorithm based on local buffer information is proposed. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively allocate the limited communication resource in a distributed way. It can achieve the optimal quality of the control system and adapt to the network load changes.

Design and Implementation of a Wireless Networked Water Level Control System

The design of a wireless water level control system is introduced and discussed in detail. In this system, the wireless Proportional Integral (PI) controller is developed using the LabVIEW graphical user programming language. Zigbee wireless technology is chosen for the wireless data transfer system. The experimental testbed was built and the system software and hardware were implemented. In order to compare the performance of the wired and wireless system, a corresponding wired water level control system was built. Experimental results show that under the same PI parameters, the settling time of the wired system is 3.3 times faster than the wireless system. However, the percent overshoot using the wireless controller is 4% smaller.

On the Performability of Hierarchical Wireless Networked Control Systems

This paper investigates the performability of hierarchical Wireless Networked Control Systems (WNCS). The WNCS studied can operate in two modes: passive supervisor and active supervisor. It is first shown that the Markov models for both modes are identical. Performability models are then developed and a case study shows how to use these models to help make design decisions. More specifically, it is observed that the performability of a passive supervisor system increases in time while that of an active supervisor system decreases in time.

Modeling Delay and Packet Drop in Networked Control Systems Using Network Simulator NS2

Wireless Networked Control Systems (WNCS) are used to implement a control mechanism over a wireless network that is capable of carrying real-time traffic. This field has drawn enormous attention from current researchers because of its flexibility and robustness. However, designing efficient WNCS over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is still a challenging topic because of its less-predictable aspects, such as inconsistent delay, packet drop probability, and dynamic topology. This paper presents design guidelines for WNCS over MANET using the Network Simulator version 2, NS2 software. It investigates the impact of packet delay and packet drop under the AODV and DSR routing protocols. The simulation results have been compared to MATLAB results for validation. Keywords Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing - Dynamic Source routing (DSR) - Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) - Wireless Networked Control Systems (WNCS) Mohammad Shahidul Hasan received his BSc and first MSc in Computer Science from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. He obtained his 2nd MSc in Computer & Network Engineering from Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK. Currently he is pursuing his PhD under the Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Technology, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK in Networked Control Systems over MANET.Chris Harding received his BSc in Computing Science and Masters by Research from Staffordshire University, UK. Currently he is pursuing his PhD in Wireless Networked Control Systems, specifically looking at NCS over MANETs, with research interests in this area concentrating on the network routing and effect of routing protocols on the NCS system.Hongnian Yu is Professor of Computer Science at Staffordshire University. He was a lecturer in Control and Systems Engineering at Yanshan University, China in 1985–1990, did his PhD in Robotics at King’s College London (1990–1994), was a research fellow in Manufacturing Systems at Sussex University (1994–1996), a lecturer in Artificial Intelligence at Liver-pool John Moore’s University (1996–1999), a lecturer in Control and Systems Engineering at the University of Exeter (1999–2002), and a Senior Lecturer in Computing at the University of Bradford (2002–2004). He now leads the Mobile Computing and Distributed Systems Research Group at Staffordshire University. He was a founding member of the Modeling Optimisation Scheduling and Intelligent Control research group at the University of Bradford. He has extensive research experience in neural networks, mobile computing, modeling, control of robot manipulators, and modeling, scheduling, planning, and simulations of large discrete event dynamic systems with applications to manufacturing systems, supply chains, transportation networks, and computer networks. He has published over 100 research papers focusing on the following: neural networks, computer networks, adaptive and robust control of robot manipulators, analysis and control of hybrid machines, control of timed delay systems, predictive control, manufacturing system modeling and scheduling, planning, and supply chains. He has held several research grants from EPSRC, the Royal Society, and the EU, as well as from industry. He was awarded the F.C. William Premium for his paper on adaptive and robust control of robot manipulators by the IEE Council in 1997. Professor Yu is an EPSRC college member, a member of IEEE, and a committee member of several conferences and journal editorial boards.Alison Griffiths has been a Senior Lecturer in Telecommunications at Staffordshire University since 2003. She was a lecturer in Computing at Staffordshire University in 2002–2003. She was a Research Associate on an EPSRC funded project whilst doing her PhD on the convergence of Mobile Computing and Telecommunications at Staffordshire University (1999–2003). The investigation consisted of the communication of different types of media (voice, video conferencing, web browsing, and downloading) over a common network, using a mobile device. Problems considered were the complications that occurred when a user moves, and consequently changes their end-point in the network during communication, with respect to the type of service the user is provided with (delays and losses). She obtained both her MEng and 1st Class BEng (Hons) from Staffordshire University in 1999 and 1998 respectively. She is now part of the Mobile Computing and Distributed Systems Research Group at Staffordshire University. She has published 8 research papers focusing on quality of service and access between cellular and IP packet switched networks. Future directions include mobile agents and control of mobile wireless ad-hoc networks. Her current research interests have extended to Wireless Networked Control Systems, specifically looking at NCS over MANETs, with research interests in this area concentrating on the network routing and effect of routing protocols on the NCS system.

Call for papers Journal of Control Theory and Applications Special issue on Wireless sensor networks:from theory to practices and applications

Wireless Sensor Network （WSN） is characterized by the dense deployment of sensor nodes that continuously observe physical phenomenon. The main advantages of WSN include its low cost, rapid deployment, self-organization, and fault tolerance. WSN has received tremendous interests of various research communities,

Self-Tuning Control for MIMO Network Systems

The advances in MIMO systems and networking technologies introduced a revolution in recent times, especially in wireless and wired multi-cast (multi-point-to-multi-point) transmission field. In this work, the distributed versions of self-tuning proportional integral plus derivative (SPID) controller and self-tuning proportional plus integral (SPI) controller are described. An explicit rate feedback mechanism is used to design a controller for regulating the source rates in wireless and wired multi-cast networks. The control parameters of the SPID and SPI controllers are determined to ensure the stability of the control loop. Simulations are carried out with wireless and wired multi-cast models, to evaluate the performance of the SPID and SPI controllers and the ensuing results show that SPID scheme yields better performance than SPI scheme;however, it requires more computing time and central processing unit (CPU) resources.

Feedback Stabilization over Wireless Network Using Adaptive Coded Modulation

In this paper,we apply adaptive coded modulation (ACM) schemes to a wireless networked control system (WNCS) to improve the energy efficiency and increase the data rate over a fading channel.To capture the characteristics of varying rate, interference,and routing in wireless transmission channels,the concepts of equivalent delay (ED) and networked condition index (NCI) are introduced.Also,the analytic lower and upper bounds of EDs are obtained.Furthermore,we model the WNCS as a multicontroller switched system (MSS) under consideration of EDs and loss index in the wireless transmission.Sufficient stability condition of the closed-loop WNCS and corresponding dynamic state feedback controllers are derived in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Numerical results show the validity and advantage of our proposed control strategies.

Performance Analysis of WLAN Medium Access Control Protocols in Simulcast Radio-Over-Fiber-Based Distributed Antenna Systems

The performance of three wireless local-area network(WLAN) media access control(MAC) protocols is investigated and compared in the context of simulcast radioover-fiber-based distributed antenna systems(RoF-DASs) where multiple remote antenna units(RAUs) are connected to one access point(AP) with different-length fiber links.The three WLAN MAC protocols under investigation are distributed coordination function(DCF) in basic access mode,DCF in request/clear to send(RTS/CTS) exchange mode,and point coordination function(PCF).In the analysis,the inter-RAU hidden nodes problems and fiber-length difference effect are both taken into account.Results show that adaptive PCF mechanism has better throughput performances than the other two DCF modes,especially when the inserted fiber length is short.

面向LQG控制的IEEE 802.11ax网络资源调度方法

由于低成本、易维护和频带免授权等优点,IEEE 802.11ax网络被广泛用于工业控制应用。针对基于IEEE802.11ax的无线网络化控制系统,提出一种控制感知的资源调度方法以支持对多个控制系统的无线高速控制。首先,考虑IEEE802.11ax网络的传感数据丢包问题,给出控制系统的最优估计器和线性二次高斯(LQG)控制。然后,分析LQG指标与IEEE 802.11ax传输可靠性的依赖关系,给出期望LQG指标最小化的资源调度问题模型,进而提出一种面向LQG控制的资源调度(LCARS)方法。最后,通过大量仿真验证LCARS的有效性。LCARS可用于自动导引车集群导航、机器人远程控制等智能工厂应用。

Monocular Vision Based Boundary Avoidance for Non-Invasive Stray Control System for Cattle: A Conceptual Approach

Building fences to manage the cattle grazing can be very expensive;cost inefficient. These do not provide dynamic control over the area in which the cattle are grazing. Existing virtual fencing techniques for the control of herds of cattle, based on polygon coordinate definition of boundaries is limited in the area of land mass coverage and dynamism. This work seeks to develop a more robust and an improved monocular vision based boundary avoidance for non-invasive stray control system for cattle, with a view to increase land mass coverage in virtual fencing techniques and dynamism. The monocular vision based depth estimation will be modeled using concept of global Fourier Transform (FT) and local Wavelet Transform (WT) of image structure of scenes (boundaries). The magnitude of the global Fourier Transform gives the dominant orientations and textual patterns of the image;while the local Wavelet Transform gives the dominant spectral features of the image and their spatial distribution. Each scene picture or image is defined by features v, which contain the set of global (FT) and local (WT) statistics of the image. Scenes or boundaries distances are given by estimating the depth D by means of the image features v. Sound cues of intensity equivalent to the magnitude of the depth D are applied to the animal ears as stimuli. This brings about the desired control as animals tend to move away from uncomfortable sounds.

随机丢包的无迹卡尔曼滤波估计以及性能分析

在工程应用中,无线网络控制系统多为非线性系统。由于长距离传输和通信网络不可靠等原因,系统传感器的测量值可能在传输过程中丢失,影响精度估计以及系统性能。文中研究一类受相关噪声和传感器测量值丢失影响的非线性离散随机系统的无迹卡尔曼滤波问题。通过引入一个服从伯努利分布且条件概率已知的随机变量来描述随机发生的传感器测量值丢失现象。文中提出了一种对数据进行补偿的算法,并使用标准数值软件对所得结果进行验证。结果表明,经过算法补偿后的滤波能够较好地估计系统,可以减少传感器测量值丢失对滤波器性能的影响,增加估计的准确性。

船舶无线网络的节点数据采集方法

为准确实现对船舶运行状态的实时监控和数据分析,及时发现潜在的问题和风险,设计船舶无线网络的节点数据采集方法。该方法以分布式追踪系统Zipkin为基础,设计无线网络节点数据采集技术框架,在该技术框架内,用户通过连接分布式追踪系统Zipkin,使用分布式追踪系统Zipkin内的传感器对船舶无线网络节点进行追踪后,对分布式追踪系统Zipkin内的传感器节点和船舶无线网络节点布局进行优化处理,再通过节点数据采集控制器从优化后的船舶无线网络节点内采集数据,同时通过Socket通信协议对节点数据进行缓存后,发送到服务器端,服务器端启动处理线程和同步线程,以广播的方式将采集到的船舶无线网络节点数据发送给用户,实现船舶无线网络的节点数据采集。实验表明,该方法具备较强的传感器节点和无线网络节点布局优化能力,可有效采集船舶无线网络节点上的信号和数据,应用性能较强。

基于无线传感器网络的远程监测与控制系统设计与实现

阐述无线传感器网络技术的要点,探讨能耗管理与优化,包括节点能耗分析和休眠唤醒策略。介绍远程监测与控制系统的架构设计、数据处理、实时传输与显示、报警处理和远程控制界面设计。

基于无线网络的楼宇照明节能自动控制系统设计

为了有效地降低楼宇照明能耗,利用无线网络及其通信技术,优化设计楼宇照明节能自动控制系统。从拓扑结构、地址分配等方面,组建无线网络,装设光强、温度等传感器设备。利用无线网络技术,传输传感器的实时采集数据,计算整个楼宇环境中的照明能耗。改装楼宇照明节能自动控制器及其电路,确定照明节能控制量和控制指令的作用位置,通过对照明设备启停状态和亮度的控制,实现系统的照明节能自动控制功能。将优化设计系统应用到实际的楼宇环境中,照明设备的亮度控制偏差为0.12 cd/m^(2),实际照明能耗降低了45%。

智能开关技术在配电网自动化系统中的应用分析

阐述配电网自动化系统中的智能开关选择,包括隔离开关、负荷开关、熔断器的选择。探讨智能开关应用中的配电网自动化故障处理、10kV柱上开关无线控制系统的选择方法。

基于LoRa无线传感网络的农业温室大棚环境测控系统设计

温室大棚是种植反季农作物的重要设施,棚内环境参数直接决定了农作物的生产质量和数量;然而,现有的测控系统由于受天气条件等因素的影响,导致环境温湿度测试存在一定的误差;为了满足农作物的生长需求,并提高精确度,提出了基于LoRa无线传感网络的农业温室大棚环境测控系统的优化设计;通过改装传感器设备和调整数据处理器和控制器的内部结构,构建了系统数据库并组建了LoRa无线传感网络,实现了实时采集大棚环境数据和传输到系统终端;通过计算调整控制量,实现了对农业温室大棚环境的测控功能;实验结果显示,与传统测控系统相比,优化设计的系统在环境温湿度测试方面的误差显著降低了,分别降低了3.65℃和3.75%。